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Borges JCO, Oliveira VAB, Serdan TDA, Silva FLR, Santos CS, Pauferro JRB, Ribas ASF, Manoel R, Pereira ACG, Correa IS, Pereira JNB, Bazotte RB, Levada-Pires AC, Pithon-Curi TC, Gorjão R, Curi R, Hirabara SM, Masi LN. Brain glucose hypometabolism and hippocampal inflammation in Goto-Kakizaki rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12742. [PMID: 37377307 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain glucose hypometabolism and neuroinflammation are early pathogenic manifestations in neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation may also disrupt leptin signaling, an adipokine that centrally regulates appetite and energy balance by acting on the hypothalamus and exerting neuroprotection in the hippocampus. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) animal model used to investigate diabetes-associated molecular mechanisms without obesity jeopardizing effects. Wistar and GK rats received the maintenance adult rodent diet. Also, an additional control group of Wistar rats received a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHS) provided by free consumption of condensed milk. All diets and water were provided ad libitum for eight weeks. Brain glucose uptake was evaluated by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose under basal (saline administration) or stimulated (CL316,243, a selective β3-AR agonist) conditions. The animals were fasted for 10-12 h, anesthetized, and euthanized. The brain was quickly dissected, and the hippocampal area was sectioned and stored at -80°C in different tubes for protein and RNA analyses on the same animal. GK rats exhibited attenuated brain glucose uptake compared to Wistar animals and the HFHS group under basal conditions. Also, the hippocampus of GK rats displayed upregulated leptin receptor, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression and IL-1β and the subunit of the transcription factor NF-κB (p-p65) protein expression. No significant alterations were detected in the hippocampus of HFHS rats. Our data indicated that a genetic predisposition to T2DM has significant brain deteriorating features, including brain glucose hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, and leptin signaling disruption in the hippocampal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C O Borges
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - V A B Oliveira
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T D A Serdan
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F L R Silva
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C S Santos
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J R B Pauferro
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A S F Ribas
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Manoel
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A C G Pereira
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - I S Correa
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J N B Pereira
- Seção de Produção de Imunobiológicos, Bioindustrial Centro, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R B Bazotte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - A C Levada-Pires
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T C Pithon-Curi
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Gorjão
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Curi
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Seção de Produção de Imunobiológicos, Bioindustrial Centro, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S M Hirabara
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L N Masi
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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Antunes MM, Godoy G, de Almeida-Souza CB, da Rocha BA, da Silva-Santi LG, Masi LN, Carbonera F, Visentainer JV, Curi R, Bazotte RB. A high-carbohydrate diet induces greater inflammation than a high-fat diet in mouse skeletal muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9039. [PMID: 32077465 PMCID: PMC7025447 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20199039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that both the high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) and high-fat diet (HFD) given for two months promote lipid deposition and inflammation in the liver and brain of mice. The results obtained indicate a tissue-specific response to both diets. Herein, we compared the effects of HCD and HFD on fatty acid (FA) composition and inflammation in the gastrocnemius muscle. Male Swiss mice were fed with HCD or HFD for 1 or 2 months. Saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA), and n-6 PUFA were quantified. The activities of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1), Δ-6 desaturase (D6D), elongase 6, and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) were estimated. As for indicators of the inflammatory tissue state, we measured myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and gene expression of F4/80, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-10. The HCD led to a lower deposition of SFA, MUFA, n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA compared to HFD. However, the HCD increased arachidonic acid levels, SFA/n-3 PUFA ratio, DNL, SCD-1, D6D, and MPO activities, and expression of IL-6, contrasting with the general idea that increased lipid deposition is associated with more intense inflammation. The HCD was more potent to induce skeletal muscle inflammation than the HFD, regardless of the lower lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Antunes
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - G Godoy
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - C B de Almeida-Souza
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - B A da Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - L G da Silva-Santi
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - L N Masi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F Carbonera
- Departmento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - J V Visentainer
- Departmento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - R Curi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R B Bazotte
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Antunes MM, de Almeida-Souza CB, Godoy G, Crisma AR, Masi LN, Curi R, Bazotte RB. Adipose tissue is less responsive to food restriction anti-inflammatory effects than liver, muscle, and brain in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 52:e8150. [PMID: 30539971 PMCID: PMC6301261 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20188150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High caloric intake promotes chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and chronic diseases such as type-2 diabetes, which may be prevented by food restriction (FR). The effect of FR on expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes in adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and brain was compared. Male Swiss mice were submitted to FR (FR group) or had free access to food (control group) during 56 days. The liver, gastrocnemius muscle, brain, and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) were collected for analysis of gene expressions. FR attenuated inflammation in the liver, brain, and gastrocnemius muscle but did not markedly change inflammatory gene expression in epididymal WAT. We concluded that adipose tissue was less responsive to FR in terms of gene expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Antunes
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - C B de Almeida-Souza
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - G Godoy
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - A R Crisma
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - L N Masi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Curi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R B Bazotte
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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