1
|
Lopez-Perez M, Jain A, Davies DH, Vásquez-Jiménez JM, Herrera SM, Oñate J, Felgner PL, Herrera S, Arévalo-Herrera M. Profiling the antibody response of humans protected by immunization with Plasmodium vivax radiation-attenuated sporozoites. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2790. [PMID: 38307966 PMCID: PMC10837454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria sterile immunity has been reproducibly induced by immunization with Plasmodium radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS). Analyses of sera from RAS-immunized individuals allowed the identification of P. falciparum antigens, such as the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), the basis for the RTS, S and R21Matrix-M vaccines. Similar advances in P. vivax (Pv) vaccination have been elusive. We previously reported 42% (5/12) of sterile protection in malaria-unexposed, Duffy-positive (Fy +) volunteers immunized with PvRAS followed by a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Using a custom protein microarray displaying 515 Pv antigens, we found a significantly higher reactivity to PvCSP and one hypothetical protein (PVX_089630) in volunteers protected against P. vivax infection. In mock-vaccinated Fy + volunteers, a strong antibody response to CHMI was also observed. Although the Fy- volunteers immunized with non-irradiated Pv-infected mosquitoes (live sporozoites) did not develop malaria after CHMI, they recognized a high number of antigens, indicating the temporary presence of asexual parasites in peripheral blood. Together, our findings contribute to the understanding of the antibody response to P. vivax infection and allow the identification of novel parasite antigens as vaccine candidates.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01082341.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lopez-Perez
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center (MVDC), Cali, Colombia
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department Physiology & Biophysics, Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- Department Physiology & Biophysics, Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Philip L Felgner
- Department Physiology & Biophysics, Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sócrates Herrera
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center (MVDC), Cali, Colombia
- Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
| | - Myriam Arévalo-Herrera
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center (MVDC), Cali, Colombia.
- Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kar S, Sinha A. Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein-Based Vaccine: a Distant Dream. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:916702. [PMID: 35909975 PMCID: PMC9325973 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.916702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neglected but highly prevalent Plasmodium vivax in South-east Asia and South America poses a great challenge, with regards to long-term in-vitro culturing and heavily limited functional assays. Such visible challenges as well as narrowed progress in development of experimental research tools hinders development of new drugs and vaccines. The leading vaccine candidate antigen Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP), is essential for reticulocyte invasion by binding to its cognate receptor, the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC), on the host’s reticulocyte surface. Despite its highly polymorphic nature, the amino-terminal cysteine-rich region II of PvDBP (PvDBPII) has been considered as an attractive target for vaccine-mediated immunity and has successfully completed the clinical trial Phase 1. Although this molecule is an attractive vaccine candidate against vivax malaria, there is still a question on its viability due to recent findings, suggesting that there are still some aspects which needs to be looked into further. The highly polymorphic nature of PvDBPII and strain-specific immunity due to PvDBPII allelic variation in Bc epitopes may complicate vaccine efficacy. Emergence of various blood-stage antigens, such as PvRBP, PvEBP and supposedly many more might stand in the way of attaining full protection from PvDBPII. As a result, there is an urgent need to assess and re-assess various caveats connected to PvDBP, which might help in designing a long-term promising vaccine for P. vivax malaria. This review mainly deals with a bunch of rising concerns for validation of DBPII as a vaccine candidate antigen for P. vivax malaria.
Collapse
|
3
|
Odedra A, Webb L, Marquart L, Britton LJ, Chalon S, Moehrle JJ, Anstey NM, William T, Grigg MJ, Lalloo DG, Barber BE, McCarthy JS. Liver Function Test Abnormalities in Experimental and Clinical Plasmodium vivax Infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1910-1917. [PMID: 32815508 PMCID: PMC7646782 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transaminase elevations after treatment in malaria volunteer infection studies (VISs) have raised safety concerns. We investigated transaminase elevations from two human Plasmodium vivax VISs where subjects were treated with chloroquine (n = 24) or artefenomel (n = 8) and compared them with studies in Thailand (n = 41) and Malaysia (n = 76). In the VISs, alanine transaminase (ALT) increased to ≥ 2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) in 11/32 (34%) volunteers, peaking 5–8 days post-treatment. Transaminase elevations were asymptomatic, were not associated with elevated bilirubin, and resolved by day 42. The risk of an ALT ≥ 2.5 × ULN increased more than 4-fold (odds ratio [OR] 4.28; 95% CI: 1.26–14.59; P = 0.02) for every log10 increase in the parasite clearance burden (PCB), defined as the log-fold reduction in parasitemia 24 hours post-treatment. Although an elevated ALT ≥ 2.5 × ULN was more common after artefenomel than after chloroquine (5/8 [63%] versus 6/24 [25%]; OR 5.0; 95% CI: 0.91–27.47; P = 0.06), this risk disappeared when corrected for PCB. Peak ALT also correlated with peak C-reactive protein (R = 0.44; P = 0.012). Elevations in ALT (≥ 2.5 × ULN) were less common in malaria-endemic settings, occurring in 1/41 (2.5%) Thai patients treated with artefenomel, and in none of 76 Malaysians treated with chloroquine or artemisinin combination therapy. Post-treatment transaminase elevations are common in experimental P. vivax infection but do not appear to impact on participant safety. Although the mechanism of these changes remains uncertain, host inflammatory response to parasite clearance may be contributory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Odedra
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan Webb
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Louise Marquart
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laurence J Britton
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Timothy William
- Gleneagles Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Matthew J Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - David G Lalloo
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget E Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Murhandarwati EEH, Herningtyas EH, Puspawati P, Mau F, Chen SB, Shen HM, Chen JH. Genetic diversity of Merozoite surface protein 1-42 (MSP1-42) fragment of Plasmodium vivax from Indonesian isolates: Rationale implementation of candidate MSP1 vaccine. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104573. [PMID: 32987191 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality related to malaria in Indonesia are attributed to both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites. In addition to vaccines for P. falciparum, vaccines against P. vivax are urgently needed for the prevention of the disease. An extensively studied antigen is the carboxyl-terminus of the 42 kDa region of P. vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP1-42). The design of a vaccine based on this antigen requires an understanding of the extent of polymorphism. However, there is no information on the genetic diversity of the antigen in Indonesia. This study aimed to profile the diversity of PvMSP1-42 and its two subdomains (PvMSP1-33 and PvMSP1-19) among Indonesian P. vivax isolates. A total of 52 P. vivax-infected blood samples were collected from patients in two different endemic areas in Indonesia: Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) and Sumba Timur (Nusa Tenggara Timur). The polymorphic characteristics and natural selection of PvMSP1-42 were analyzed using the DnaSP, MEGA, and Structure software. Thirty distinct haplotypes of PvMSP1-42 were identified. They displayed amino acid changes compared to the reference PVP01 sequence. Most of the mutations were concentrated in the 33 kDa fragment. PvMSP1-42 of the Indonesian isolates appeared to be under positive selection. Recombination may also play a role in the resulting genetic diversity of PvMSP1. In conclusion, PvMSP1-42 of Indonesian isolates displayed allelic polymorphisms caused by mutation, recombination, and positive selection. These results will aid the understanding of the P. vivax population in Indonesia and to develop a PvMSP1 based vaccine against P. vivax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - E Henny Herningtyas
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Fridolina Mau
- Institute of Research and Development Waikabubak, Sumba Barat, Indonesia
| | - Shen-Bo Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; The School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Mo Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; The School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; The School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Camargo-Ayala PA, Garzón-Ospina D, Moreno-Pérez DA, Ricaurte-Contreras LA, Noya O, Patarroyo MA. On the Evolution and Function of Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Surface Antigen ( pvrbsa). Front Genet 2018; 9:372. [PMID: 30250483 PMCID: PMC6139305 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The RBSA protein is encoded by a gene described in Plasmodium species having tropism for reticulocytes. Since this protein is antigenic in natural infections and can bind to target cells, it has been proposed as a potential candidate for an anti-Plasmodium vivax vaccine. However, genetic diversity (a challenge which must be overcome for ensuring fully effective vaccine design) has not been described at this locus. Likewise, the minimum regions mediating specific parasite-host interaction have not been determined. This is why the rbsa gene’s evolutionary history is being here described, as well as the P. vivax rbsa (pvrbsa) genetic diversity and the specific regions mediating parasite adhesion to reticulocytes. Unlike what has previously been reported, rbsa was also present in several parasite species belonging to the monkey-malaria clade; paralogs were also found in Plasmodium parasites invading reticulocytes. The pvrbsa locus had less diversity than other merozoite surface proteins where natural selection and recombination were the main evolutionary forces involved in causing the observed polymorphism. The N-terminal end (PvRBSA-A) was conserved and under functional constraint; consequently, it was expressed as recombinant protein for binding assays. This protein fragment bound to reticulocytes whilst the C-terminus, included in recombinant PvRBSA-B (which was not under functional constraint), did not. Interestingly, two PvRBSA-A-derived peptides were able to inhibit protein binding to reticulocytes. Specific conserved and functionally important peptides within PvRBSA-A could thus be considered when designing a fully-effective vaccine against P. vivax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Andrea Camargo-Ayala
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Microbiology Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Garzón-Ospina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Darwin Andrés Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Livestock Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Oscar Noya
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
ABOLGHAZI A, HEIDARI A, MOIN-VAZIRI V, HAGHIGHI A, SEYYED TABAEI SJ, KESHAVARZ H, SHOJAEE S. Genetic Diversity in C-terminal of SERA5 Gene in the Blood Stage of Human Isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 13:440-447. [PMID: 30483336 PMCID: PMC6243169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vivax malaria is more prevalent in the malarious areas of Iran, which makes vaccine research a high priority. Serine Repeat Antigens (SERA) have essential role in the parasite life cycle and high expression profiles of PvSERA5 make it suitable vaccine candidates. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of C-terminal region of PvSERA5 in Iranian isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Sistan and Baluchistan. METHODS Totally, 49 blood samples were taken from symptomatic malaria patients in Sistan and Baluchistan Province in 2016. Mono-infection to P. vivax was confirmed by 18srRNA-Nested-PCR. Genomic DNA was extracted and C-terminal region of PvSERA5 was amplified by specific primers. PCR-products have been sequenced and analysis was done by using bioinformatics software, mainly DnaSP & MEGA5. RESULTS Genetic diversity was calculated 14.8% in C-terminal region of PvSERA5 in Iranian isolates, 19 different sequences and 4 haplotypes existed. The amount of Tajima's D (0.3805) and ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutation (1.82) showed that C-terminal region of PvSERA5 is under positive natural selection; also intragenic recombination could interfere. CONCLUSION Results could be helpful in any research, regarding this antigen as vaccine candidate in Iran or worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad ABOLGHAZI
- Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliehsan HEIDARI
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vahideh MOIN-VAZIRI
- Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali HAGHIGHI
- Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad SEYYED TABAEI
- Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein KESHAVARZ
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh SHOJAEE
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Menezes RADO, Gomes MDSM, Mendes AM, Couto ÁARDA, Nacher M, Pimenta TS, de Sousa ACP, Baptista ARDS, de Jesus MI, Enk MJ, Cunha MG, Machado RLD. Enteroparasite and vivax malaria co-infection on the Brazil-French Guiana border: Epidemiological, haematological and immunological aspects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189958. [PMID: 29293589 PMCID: PMC5749708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria-enteroparasitic co-infections are known for their endemicity. Although they are prevalent, little is known about their epidemiology and effect on the immune response. This study evaluated the effect of enteroparasite co-infections with malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax in a border area between Brazil and French Guiana. The cross sectional study took place in Oiapoque, a municipality of Amapá, on the Amazon border. Malaria was diagnosed using thick blood smears, haemoglobin dosage by an automated method and coproparasitology by the Hoffman and Faust methods. The anti-PvMSP-119 IgG antibodies in the plasma were evaluated using ELISA and Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2), and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) cytokine counts were performed by flow cytometry. The participants were grouped into those that were monoinfected with vivax malaria (M), vivax malaria-enteroparasite co-infected (CI), monoinfected with enteroparasite (E) and endemic controls (EC), who were negative for both diseases. 441 individuals were included and grouped according to their infection status: [M 6.9% (30/441)], [Cl 26.5% (117/441)], [E 32.4% (143/441)] and [EC 34.2% (151/441)]. Males prevailed among the (M) 77% (23/30) and (CI) 60% (70/117) groups. There was a difference in haemoglobin levels among the different groups under study for [EC-E], [EC-Cl], [E-M] and [Cl-M], with (p < 0.01). Anaemia was expressed as a percentage between individuals [CI-EC (p < 0.05)]. In terms of parasitaemia, there were differences for the groups [CI-M (p < 0.05)]. Anti-PvMSP-119 antibodies were detected in 51.2% (226/441) of the population. The level of cytokines evaluation revealed a large variation in TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations in the co-infected group. In this study we did not observe any influence of coinfection on the acquisition of IgG antibodies against PvMSP119, as well as on the profile of the cytokines that characterize the Th1 and Th2 patterns. However, co-infection increased TNF-α and IL-10 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubens Alex de Oliveira Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in the Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará State, Brazil
- Laboratory of morphofunctional and parasitic studies with impact on health (LEMPIS), Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapa, Amapá State, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Anapaula Martins Mendes
- UNIFAP/Oiapoque Binational Campus, Federal University of Amapá, Oiapoque, Amapá State, Brazil
| | | | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Tamirys Simão Pimenta
- Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UFPA, Belém, Pará State, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas Institute/Brazilian Secretariat of Health Surveillance (SVS)/Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Aline Collares Pinheiro de Sousa
- Evandro Chagas Institute/Brazilian Secretariat of Health Surveillance (SVS)/Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Izabel de Jesus
- Evandro Chagas Institute/Brazilian Secretariat of Health Surveillance (SVS)/Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Martin Johannes Enk
- Evandro Chagas Institute/Brazilian Secretariat of Health Surveillance (SVS)/Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Maristela Gomes Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in the Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará State, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Postgraduate Program in the Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará State, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas Institute/Brazilian Secretariat of Health Surveillance (SVS)/Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
- Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lim C, Dankwa S, Paul AS, Duraisingh MT. Host Cell Tropism and Adaptation of Blood-Stage Malaria Parasites: Challenges for Malaria Elimination. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:a025494. [PMID: 28213436 PMCID: PMC5666624 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax account for most of the mortality and morbidity associated with malaria in humans. Research and control efforts have focused on infections caused by P. falciparum and P. vivax, but have neglected other malaria parasite species that infect humans. Additionally, many related malaria parasite species infect nonhuman primates (NHPs), and have the potential for transmission to humans. For malaria elimination, the varied and specific challenges of all of these Plasmodium species will need to be considered. Recent advances in molecular genetics and genomics have increased our knowledge of the prevalence and existing diversity of the human and NHP Plasmodium species. We are beginning to identify the extent of the reservoirs of each parasite species in humans and NHPs, revealing their origins as well as potential for adaptation in humans. Here, we focus on the red blood cell stage of human infection and the host cell tropism of each human Plasmodium species. Determinants of tropism are unique among malaria parasite species, presenting a complex challenge for malaria elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caeul Lim
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Selasi Dankwa
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Aditya S Paul
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ntumngia FB, Thomson-Luque R, Pires CV, Adams JH. The role of the human Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines in malaria susceptibility: current opinions and future treatment prospects. JOURNAL OF RECEPTOR, LIGAND AND CHANNEL RESEARCH 2016; 9:1-11. [PMID: 28943755 PMCID: PMC5608092 DOI: 10.2147/jrlcr.s99725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC) is a nonspecific receptor for several proinflammatory cytokines. It is homologous to the G-protein chemokine receptor superfamily, which is suggested to function as a scavenger in many inflammatory-and proinflammatory-related diseases. G-protein chemokine receptors are also known to play a critical role in infectious diseases; they are commonly used as entry vehicles by infectious agents. A typical example is the chemokine receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 used by HIV for infecting target cells. In malaria, DARC is considered an essential receptor that mediates the entry of the human and zoonotic malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi into human reticulocytes and erythrocytes, respectively. This process is mediated through interaction with the parasite ligand known as the Duffy binding protein (DBP). Most therapeutic strategies have been focused on blocking the interaction between DBP and DARC by targeting the parasite ligand, while strategies targeting the receptor, DARC, have not been intensively investigated. The rapid increase in drug resistance and the lack of new effective drugs or a vaccine for malaria constitute a major threat and a need for novel therapeutics to combat disease. This review explores strategies that can be used to target the receptor. Inhibitors of DARC, which block DBP-DARC interaction, can potentially provide an effective strategy for preventing malaria caused by P. vivax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis B Ntumngia
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Richard Thomson-Luque
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Camilla V Pires
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John H Adams
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rahul CN, Shiva Krishna K, Meera M, Phadke S, Rajesh V. Plasmodium vivax: N-terminal diversity in the blood stage SERA genes from Indian isolates. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:30-5. [PMID: 25976464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide malaria risk due to Plasmodium vivax makes development of vaccine against P. vivax, a high priority. Serine Repeat Antigen of P. vivax (PvSERA) is a multigene family of blood stage proteins with 12 homologues. Sequence diversity studies are important for understanding them as potential vaccine candidates. No information on N-terminal diversity of these genes is available in literature. In this paper, we evaluate the genetic polymorphism of N-terminal regions of the highly expressed member PvSERA4 and PvSERA5 genes from Indian field isolates. Our results show that PvSERA4 has deletions and insertions in Glutamine rich tetrameric repeat units contributing to its diversity. PvSERA5 also exhibits high genetic diversity with non-synonymous substitutions leading to identification of novel haplotypes from India. Our first report helps in elucidating the allelic variants of PvSERA genes in this region and contributes to evaluating their efficacy as vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C N Rahul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Shiva Krishna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Meera
- Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical and Communicable Diseases, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vidya Rajesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Céspedes N, Habel C, Lopez-Perez M, Castellanos A, Kajava AV, Servis C, Felger I, Moret R, Arévalo-Herrera M, Corradin G, Herrera S. Plasmodium vivax antigen discovery based on alpha-helical coiled coil protein motif. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100440. [PMID: 24959747 PMCID: PMC4069070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein α-helical coiled coil structures that elicit antibody responses, which block critical functions of medically important microorganisms, represent a means for vaccine development. By using bioinformatics algorithms, a total of 50 antigens with α-helical coiled coil motifs orthologous to Plasmodium falciparum were identified in the P. vivax genome. The peptides identified in silico were chemically synthesized; circular dichroism studies indicated partial or high α-helical content. Antigenicity was evaluated using human sera samples from malaria-endemic areas of Colombia and Papua New Guinea. Eight of these fragments were selected and used to assess immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. ELISA assays indicated strong reactivity of serum samples from individuals residing in malaria-endemic regions and sera of immunized mice, with the α-helical coiled coil structures. In addition, ex vivo production of IFN-γ by murine mononuclear cells confirmed the immunogenicity of these structures and the presence of T-cell epitopes in the peptide sequences. Moreover, sera of mice immunized with four of the eight antigens recognized native proteins on blood-stage P. vivax parasites, and antigenic cross-reactivity with three of the peptides was observed when reacted with both the P. falciparum orthologous fragments and whole parasites. Results here point to the α-helical coiled coil peptides as possible P. vivax malaria vaccine candidates as were observed for P. falciparum. Fragments selected here warrant further study in humans and non-human primate models to assess their protective efficacy as single components or assembled as hybrid linear epitopes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Circular Dichroism
- Computational Biology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Databases, Genetic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Genome, Protozoan
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Mice
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/immunology
- Plasmodium vivax/genetics
- Plasmodium vivax/immunology
- Protein Structure, Secondary
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Céspedes
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center (MVDC), Cali, Colombia
- School of Health, University of Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Catherine Habel
- Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Angélica Castellanos
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center (MVDC), Cali, Colombia
- Fundación Centro de Primates, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrey V. Kajava
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoleculaire (CRBM) and Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University ITMO, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Catherine Servis
- Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Felger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Remy Moret
- Hôpital Saint Camille, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Myriam Arévalo-Herrera
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center (MVDC), Cali, Colombia
- School of Health, University of Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Sócrates Herrera
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center (MVDC), Cali, Colombia
- Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reyes-Sandoval A, Bachmann MF. Plasmodium vivax malaria vaccines: why are we where we are? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2558-65. [PMID: 23978931 PMCID: PMC4162059 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the few diseases in which morbidity is still measured in hundreds of millions of cases every year. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are responsible for nearly all the malaria cases in the world and despite difficulties in obtaining an exact number, estimates indicate an astonishing 349-552 million clinical cases of malaria due to P. falciparum in 2007 and between 132-391 million clinical episodes due to P. vivax in 2009. It is becoming evident that eradication of malaria will be an arduous task and P. vivax will be one of the most difficult species to eliminate and perhaps become the last standing malaria parasite. Indeed, in countries that succeed in decreasing the disease burden, nearly all the remaining malaria cases are caused by P. vivax. Such resilience is mainly due to the sophisticated mechanism that the parasite has evolved to remain dormant for months or years forming hypnozoites, a small structure in the liver that will be a major hurdle in the efforts toward malaria eradication. Furthermore, while clinical trials of vaccines against P. falciparum are making fast progress, a very different picture is seen with P. vivax, where only few candidates are currently active in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- The Jenner Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford, UK; Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
FAN ZHIGANG, LI KAIJIE, ZHANG LINGMIN, CHEN FAN, WU QIANG, LI NA, ZHONG SAIFENG, LIN GUIFEN, YAN GUOGANG. Bioinformatics analysis of the structure and function of NADPH-cytochrome p450 reductase of Plasmodium vivax.. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:425-427. [PMID: 24648962 PMCID: PMC3917001 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of NADPH-cytochrome p450 reductase (CPR) of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum or Pf) has been determined using bioinformatics analysis. However, that of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax or Pv) has not yet been determined. This study aimed to analyze the structure and function of PvCPR using bioinformatics analysis. The results demonstrated that PvCPR was an unstable and alkaline enzyme located in the cytoplasm of parasites with a signal peptide. It possessed seven types of signal sites and eight protein-protein binding sites, and had a tertiary structure resembling a forceps with a single wing, which differed from that of PfCPR. It also had nine linear B-cell epitopes and 10 antigenicity sites, which were not homologous with the amino acid sequence of Homo sapiens (H. sapiens or Hs) CPR and six fragments that were similar to fragments of immune-related protein sequences from H. sapiens. Therefore, the function of PvCPR may be different from that of PfCPR, and PvCPR may participate in the immune escape of P. vivax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZHIGANG FAN
- School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199
| | - KAIJIE LI
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079
| | - LINGMIN ZHANG
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510623
| | - FAN CHEN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072
| | - QIANG WU
- School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199
| | - NA LI
- School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199
| | - SAIFENG ZHONG
- School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199
| | - GUIFEN LIN
- School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199
| | - GUOGANG YAN
- School of Nursing, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199,
P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ntumngia FB, King CL, Adams JH. Finding the sweet spots of inhibition: understanding the targets of a functional antibody against Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:1055-62. [PMID: 23068913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein region II (DBPII) is an essential ligand for reticulocyte invasion, thereby making this molecule an attractive vaccine candidate against asexual blood-stage P. vivax. Similar to other Plasmodium blood-stage vaccine candidates, strain-specific immunity due to DBPII allelic variation may complicate vaccine efficacy. Targeting immune responses to more conserved epitopes that are potential targets of strain-transcending neutralising immunity is necessary to avoid induction of strain-specific responses to dominant variant epitopes. In this article, we focus on different approaches to optimise the design of DBP immunogenicity to target conserved epitopes, which is important for developing a broadly effective vaccine against P. vivax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis B Ntumngia
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Approaching the target: the path towards an effective malaria vaccine. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2012; 4:e2012015. [PMID: 22550560 PMCID: PMC3340989 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2012.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an effective malaria vaccine has been the goal of the scientific community for many years. A malaria vaccine, added to existing tools and strategies, would further prevent infection and decrease the unacceptable malaria morbidity and mortality burden. Great progress has been made over the last decade and a number of vaccine candidates are in the clinical phases of development. The RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate, based on a recombinant P. falciparum protein, is the most advanced of such candidates, currently undergoing a large phase III trial. RTS,S has consistently shown around 50% efficacy protecting against the first clinical episode of malaria, in some cases extending up to 4 years. It is hoped that RTS,S will eventually become the first licensed malaria vaccine. This first vaccine against a human parasite is a groundbreaking achievement, but improved malaria vaccines conferring higher protection will be needed if the aspiration of malaria eradication is to be achieved.
Collapse
|
16
|
Markus MB. Dormancy in mammalian malaria. Trends Parasitol 2011; 28:39-45. [PMID: 22118814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This analysis principally concerns biological aspects of dormancy in mammalian malaria, with particular reference to the hypnozoite. Research is needed to reveal what happens to sporozoites of Plasmodium cynomolgi between the time of inoculation and when hypnozoites are first seen in the liver 36-40 h later. It is likely that hypnozoites of relapsing malarial parasites will prove to be directly sporozoite-derived rather than merozoite-derived. There is indirect evidence that, contrary to what is generally assumed, activation of hypnozoites might not be the only cause of recurrent Plasmodium vivax malaria. Latent stages pose a threat to success in eradicating malaria; some suggestions are therefore made for demystifying work on hypnozoites and quiescent merozoites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles B Markus
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arévalo-Herrera M, Solarte Y, Marin C, Santos M, Castellanos J, Beier JC, Valencia SH. Malaria transmission blocking immunity and sexual stage vaccines for interrupting malaria transmission in Latin America. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 106 Suppl 1:202-11. [PMID: 21881775 PMCID: PMC4830685 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000900025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a vector-borne disease that is considered to be one of the most serious public health problems due to its high global mortality and morbidity rates. Although multiple strategies for controlling malaria have been used, many have had limited impact due to the appearance and rapid dissemination of mosquito resistance to insecticides, parasite resistance to multiple antimalarial drug, and the lack of sustainability. Individuals in endemic areas that have been permanently exposed to the parasite develop specific immune responses capable of diminishing parasite burden and the clinical manifestations of the disease, including blocking of parasite transmission to the mosquito vector. This is referred to as transmission blocking (TB) immunity (TBI) and is mediated by specific antibodies and other factors ingested during the blood meal that inhibit parasite development in the mosquito. These antibodies recognize proteins expressed on either gametocytes or parasite stages that develop in the mosquito midgut and are considered to be potential malaria vaccine candidates. Although these candidates, collectively called TB vaccines (TBV), would not directly stop malaria from infecting individuals, but would stop transmission from infected person to non-infected person. Here, we review the progress that has been achieved in TBI studies and the development of TBV and we highlight their potential usefulness in areas of low endemicity such as Latin America.
Collapse
|