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Ito A, Budke CM. Genetic Diversity of Taenia solium and its Relation to Clinical Presentation of Cysticercosis. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 94:343-349. [PMID: 34211353 PMCID: PMC8223547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this perspectives paper, we discuss fertilization strategies for Taenia saginata and Taenia saginata asiatica as well as heterogeneity in Taenia solium, the causative agent of human cysticercosis. Two different genotypes of T. solium (Asian and Afro/American) were confirmed by mitochondrial DNA analysis approximately two decades ago. Since then, outcrossings of the two genotypes have been identified in Madagascar where the two genotypes are distributed sympatrically. Outcrossings were confirmed by the presence of discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Since multiple tapeworm infections are common in endemic areas, outcrossing events likely occur quite frequently. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA from T. solium specimens collected from humans and pigs in endemic areas should be analyzed. If variations are found between specimens, nuclear DNA analysis should be performed to confirm the presence of discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Additional outcrossings likely add complexity to understanding the existing genetic diversity. Serological surveys are also recommended since serodiagnostic glycoprotein can also differentiate between the two genotypes. Viable eggs from different genotypes or from hybrids of two different genotypes should be used for experimental infection of pigs or dogs in order to observe any pathological heterogeneity in cysticercosis development. Although genetic diversity of T. solium is expected to result in clinical heterogeneity of cysticercosis in humans and pigs, there is currently no evidence showing that this occurs. There are also no comparative experimental studies on this topic. Therefore, studies evaluating the link between parasite heterogeneity and clinical outcome are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical
University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Christine M. Budke
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences,
College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M
University, College Station, TX, USA
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Palafox-Fonseca H, Zúñiga G, Bobes RJ, Govezensky T, Piñero D, Texco-Martínez L, Fleury A, Proaño J, Cárdenas G, Hernández M, Sciutto E, Fragoso G. Genetic variation in the Cytb gene of human cerebral Taenia solium cysticerci recovered from clinically and radiologically heterogeneous patients with neurocysticercosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 108:914-20. [PMID: 24271046 PMCID: PMC3970634 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NC) is a clinically and radiologically heterogeneous parasitic disease caused by the establishment
of larval Taenia solium in the human central nervous system. Host and/or parasite variations may be related to this observed heterogeneity. Genetic differences between pig and human-derived T. solium cysticerci have been reported previously. In this study, 28 cysticerci were surgically removed from 12 human NC patients, the mitochondrial gene that encodes cytochrome b was amplified from the cysticerci and genetic variations that may be related to NC heterogeneity were characterised. Nine different haplotypes (Ht), which were clustered in four haplogroups (Hg), were identified. Hg 3 and 4 exhibited a tendency to associate with age and gender, respectively. However, no significant associations were found between NC heterogeneity and the different T. solium cysticerci Ht or Hg. Parasite variants obtained from patients with similar NC clinical or radiological features were genetically closer than those found in groups of patients with a different NC profile when using the Mantel test. Overall, this study establishes the presence of genetic differences in the Cytb gene of T. solium isolated from human cysticerci and suggests that parasite variation could contribute to NC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Palafox-Fonseca
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, MéxicoDF, México
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Djurković-Djaković O, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Klun I, Dupouy-Camet J. Pork as a source of human parasitic infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19:586-94. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Machado GA, de Oliveira HB, Gennari-Cardoso ML, Mineo JR, Costa-Cruz JM. Serodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis using antigenic components of Taenia solium metacestodes derived from the unbound fraction from jacalin affinity chromatography. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:S0074-02762013000300368. [PMID: 23778661 PMCID: PMC4005572 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyse Taenia solium metacestode antigens that were derived from the unbound fraction of jacalin affinity chromatography and subsequent tert-octylphenoxy poly (oxyethylene) ethanol Triton X-114 (TX-114) partitioning in the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis (NCC). Immunoassays were designed to detect T. solium-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA and immunoblot. Serum samples were collected from 132 individuals who were categorised as follows: 40 had NCC, 62 presented Taenia spp or other parasitic diseases and 30 were healthy individuals. The jacalin-unbound (J unbound ) fraction presented higher sensitivity and specificity rates than the jacalin-bound fraction and only this fraction was subjected to subsequent TX-114 partitioning, resulting in detergent (DJ unbound ) and aqueous (AJ unbound ) fractions. The ELISA sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 84.8% for J unbound , 92.5% and 93.5% for DJ unbound and 82.5% and 82.6% for AJ unbound . By immunoblot, the DJ unbound fraction showed 100% sensitivity and specificity and only serum samples from patients with NCC recognised the 50-70 kDa T. solium-specific components. We conclude that the DJ unbound fraction can serve as a useful tool for the differential immunodiagnosis of NCC by immunoblot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleyce Alves Machado
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, , Departamento de Imunologia, , Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, , Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, , Catalão, GO, Brasil
| | - Heliana Batista de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, , Departamento de Imunologia, , Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, , Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, , Catalão, GO, Brasil
| | - Margareth Leitão Gennari-Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, , Departamento de Imunologia, , Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, , Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, , Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, , Departamento de Imunologia, , Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Julia Maria Costa-Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, , Departamento de Imunologia, , Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
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