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Lima LL, Atman APF. Complexity in the dengue spreading: A network analysis approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289690. [PMID: 37549129 PMCID: PMC10406222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In an increasingly interconnected society, preventing epidemics has become a major challenge. Numerous infectious diseases spread between individuals by a vector, creating bipartite networks of infection with the characteristics of complex networks. In the case of dengue, a mosquito-borne disease, these infection networks include a vector-the Aedes aegypti mosquito-which has expanded its endemic area due to climate change. In this scenario, innovative approaches are essential to help public agents in the fight against the disease. Using an agent-based model, we investigated the network morphology of a dengue endemic region considering four different serotypes and a small population. The degree, betweenness, and closeness distributions are evaluated for the bipartite networks, considering the interactions up to the second order for each serotype. We observed scale-free features and heavy tails in the degree distribution and betweenness and quantified the decay of the degree distribution with a q-Gaussian fit function. The simulation results indicate that the spread of dengue is primarily driven by human-to-human and human-to-mosquito interaction, reinforcing the importance of controlling the vector to prevent episodes of epidemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. L. Lima
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Modelagem Matemática e Computacional, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A. P. F. Atman
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Modelagem Matemática e Computacional, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Física, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais- CEFET-MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems-CEFET-MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Sun A, Wang WX. Insights into the kinetic regulation of Zn bioaccumulation at trace levels: Lighting up Saccharomycescerevisiae. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136318. [PMID: 36075365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zn displays a double-edged effect by acting both as a micronutrient and a toxic metal, and quantitative analysis of its kinetic flux under low environmental concentrations is critical to understand its intracellular regulation. In the present study, we employed a Zn sensitive model eukaryote, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which responded to intracellular Zn levels by increasing its autofluorescence, to quantify Zn influx, transportation between labile and storage pools, and efflux under different Zn exposure levels (<1 μM). We demonstrated that the yeast regulated Zn uptake from the extracellular source by a gradually decreased accumulation following an initial high accumulation rate. The subsequent reduced accumulation rate resulted in a steady-state Zn accumulation at 0.061 and 0.073 μg Zn/μg P as the threshold values for the control yeast and Zn-depleted yeast, respectively, independently of the extracellular Zn concentration. Compared with the control yeast, the Zn-depleted yeast possessed a higher accumulation rate, but the difference of bioaccumulation was maintained at approximately 0.01 μg Zn/μg P under different concentrations of extracellular Zn. In contrast, transportation between labile Zn and storage Zn pools or Zn efflux to the extracellular environment was not obvious after Zn exposure, indicating that the Zn dose was below a basal requirement. Such stabilized Zn accumulation was only induced by controlling the Zn influx at the bio-interface. With the novel monitoring of the kinetic changes of autofluorescence, our study demonstrated a remarkably tight Zn regulation system in yeast, providing enlightenment for Zn homeostasis in eukaryotes under low Zn exposure in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Sun
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Dormont L, Mulatier M, Carrasco D, Cohuet A. Mosquito Attractants. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:351-393. [PMID: 33725235 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vector control and personal protection against anthropophilic mosquitoes mainly rely on the use of insecticides and repellents. The search for mosquito-attractive semiochemicals has been the subject of intense studies for decades, and new compounds or odor blends are regularly proposed as lures for odor-baited traps. We present a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all the studies that have evaluated the attractiveness of volatiles to mosquitoes, including individual chemical compounds, synthetic blends of compounds, or natural host or plant odors. A total of 388 studies were analysed, and our survey highlights the existence of 105 attractants (77 volatile compounds, 17 organism odors, and 11 synthetic blends) that have been proved effective in attracting one or several mosquito species. The exhaustive list of these attractants is presented in various tables, while the most common mosquito attractants - for which effective attractiveness has been demonstrated in numerous studies - are discussed throughout the text. The increasing knowledge on compounds attractive to mosquitoes may now serve as the basis for complementary vector control strategies, such as those involving lure-and-kill traps, or the development of mass trapping. This review also points out the necessity of further improving the search for new volatile attractants, such as new compound blends in specific ratios, considering that mosquito attraction to odors may vary over the life of the mosquito or among species. Finally, the use of mosquito attractants will undoubtedly have an increasingly important role to play in future integrated vector management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dormont
- CEFE, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Margaux Mulatier
- Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Laboratoire d'étude sur le contrôle des vecteurs (LeCOV), Lieu-Dit Morne Jolivièrex, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - David Carrasco
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Cohuet
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Eiras AE, Pires SF, Staunton KM, Paixão KS, Resende MC, Silva HA, Rocha IG, Oliveira BA, Peres AM, Drumond BP, Ritchie SA. A high-risk Zika and dengue transmission hub: virus detections in mosquitoes at a Brazilian university campus. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:359. [PMID: 29929561 PMCID: PMC6014031 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses prevalent throughout tropical regions. Currently, management of ZIKV and DENV centers on control of the primary vector Aedes aegypti. This vector is highly anthropophilic and is therefore prevalent throughout densely urbanised landscapes. A new passive trap for gravid Ae. aegypti (Gravid Aedes Trap - GAT) was developed for mosquito surveillance. Here the different killing agents and the level of transmission of arboviruses that may occur in mosquitoes sampled by GATs are assessed for the first time. METHODS Gravid Aedes traps (GATs) were deployed at the Federal University of Minas Gerais campus, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil to sample Ae. aegypti. Three different killing agents were evaluated within the GATs: sticky cards, long-lasting insecticide-impregnated nets (LLINs) and canola oil. Traps were monitored weekly for 14 weeks then mosquito specimens were identified to the species level and Ae. aegypti catches were pooled and submitted to qRT-PCR assays for to DENV and ZIKV virus detection, followed by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the ZIKV. Additionally, comparisons of means were performed on transformed weekly catch data (P = 0.05, t-tests) with the stats package of the R statistical software. RESULTS In total, 1506 female Ae. aegypti were captured using GATs, with traps using sticky cards catching more mosquito than those using either LLINs or canola oil. Both ZIKV and DENV were detected in Ae. aegypti females captured over several weeks suggesting that this highly populated university campus may have served as a significant transmission hub. The infection rate for ZIKV was present in seven (8.5%) pools from four weeks while DENV was detected in four (4.9%) pools from four weeks. Phylogenetic analysis of ZIKV classified the strain as Asian genotype. CONCLUSIONS The Federal University of Minas Gerais and similar organizations must strongly consider monitoring Ae. aegypti populations and reinforcing personal protection of staff and students during seasons of high mosquito activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro E. Eiras
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Simone F. Pires
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Kyran M. Staunton
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Kelly S. Paixão
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Marcelo C. Resende
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Hilcielly A. Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Isadora G. Rocha
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Bruna A. Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Anderson M. Peres
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Betânia P. Drumond
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratório de Vírus, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Scott A. Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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Lana RM, Morais MM, de Lima TFM, Carneiro TGDS, Stolerman LM, dos Santos JPC, Cortés JJC, Eiras ÁE, Codeço CT. Assessment of a trap based Aedes aegypti surveillance program using mathematical modeling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190673. [PMID: 29304070 PMCID: PMC5755894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the goodness-of-fit of theoretical models of population dynamics of Aedes aegypti to trap data collected by a long term entomological surveillance program. The carrying capacity K of this vector was estimated at city and neighborhood level. Adult mosquito abundance was measured via adults collected weekly by a network of sticky traps (Mosquitraps) from January 2008 to December 2011 in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. K was the only free parameter estimated by the model. At the city level, the model with temperature as a driver captured the seasonal pattern of mosquito abundance. At the local level, we observed a spatial heterogeneity in the estimated carrying capacity between neighborhoods, weakly associated with environmental variables related to poor infrastructure. Model goodness-of-fit was influenced by the number of sticky traps, and suggests a minimum of 16 traps at the neighborhood level for surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martins Lana
- Programa de Computação Científica, (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maíra Moreira Morais
- Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte (UniBH), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago França Melo de Lima
- Departamento de Computação e Sistemas (DECSI), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Aplicadas (ICEA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), João Monlevade, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Martins Stolerman
- Programa de Computação Científica, (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Pereira Caldas dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Álvaro Eduardo Eiras
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química de Insetos Vetores (Labeq), Departamento de Parasitologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Torres Codeço
- Programa de Computação Científica, (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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[Recommendations for the surveillance of Aedes aegypti]. BIOMEDICA 2016; 36:454-462. [PMID: 27869394 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i3.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diseases caused by arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika, continue to rise in annual incidence and geographic expansion. A key limitation for achieving control of A. aegypti has been the lack of effective tools for monitoring its population, and thus determine what control measures actually work. Surveillance of A. aegypti has been based mainly on immature indexes, but they bear little relation to the number of mosquito females, which are the ones capable of transmitting the viruses. The recent development of sampling techniques for adults of this vector species promises to facilitate surveillance and control activities. In this review, we present the various monitoring techniques for this mosquito, along with a discussion of their usefulness, and recommendations for improved entomological surveillance.
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Lau SM, Vythilingam I, Doss JI, Sekaran SD, Chua TH, Wan Sulaiman WY, Chinna K, Lim YAL, Venugopalan B. Surveillance of adult Aedes mosquitoes in Selangor, Malaysia. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 20:1271-80. [PMID: 26094839 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of using sticky traps and the NS1 dengue antigen kit for the surveillance of Aedes mosquitoes for dengue control. METHODS Apartments were selected in a dengue-endemic area, and sticky traps were set to capture adult Aedes mosquitoes. NS1 dengue antigen kit was used to detect dengue antigen in mosquitoes, and positive mosquitoes were serotyped using real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The sticky traps were effective in capturing Aedes aegypti, and a minimum of three traps per floor was sufficient. Multiple serotypes were found in individual mosquitoes. CONCLUSION The sticky trap and the NS1 dengue antigen test kit can be used as surveillance tool in dengue control programmes. This proactive method will be better suited for control programmes than current reactive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Ming Lau
- State Vector Borne Disease Control Unit, Selangor State Health Department, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Inbaraj Doss
- Julius Centre, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tock H Chua
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusof Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Julius Centre, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Balan Venugopalan
- State Vector Borne Disease Control Unit, Selangor State Health Department, Selangor, Malaysia
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Cecílio SG, Júnior WFS, Tótola AH, de Brito Magalhães CL, Ferreira JMS, de Magalhães JC. Dengue virus detection in Aedes aegypti larvae from southeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2015; 40:71-74. [PMID: 26047186 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of dengue, the most important arthropod-borne viral disease in Brazil, has been intensified over the past decades, along with the accompanying expansion and adaptation of its Aedes vectors. In the present study, we mapped dengue vectors in Ouro Preto and Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, by installing ovitraps in 32 public schools. The traps were examined monthly between September, 2011 through July, 2012 and November, 2012 to April, 2013. The larvae were reared until the fourth stadium and identified according to species. The presence of dengue virus was detected by real time PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. A total of 1,945 eggs was collected during the 17 months of the study. The Ovitrap Positivity Index (OPI) ranged from 0 to 28.13% and the Eggs Density Index (EDI) ranged from 0 to 59.9. The predominant species was Aedes aegypti, with 84.9% of the hatched larvae. Although the collection was low when compared to other ovitraps studies, vertical transmission could be detected. Of the 54 pools, dengue virus was detected in four Ae. aegypti pools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antônio Helvécio Tótola
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Química, Biotecnologia e Engenharia de Bioprocessos (DQBIO/Campus Alto Paraopeba/UFSJ), Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, (DCB/UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Pombi M, Guelbeogo WM, Calzetta M, Sagnon N, Petrarca V, La Gioia V, della Torre A. Evaluation of a protocol for remote identification of mosquito vector species reveals BG-Sentinel trap as an efficient tool for Anopheles gambiae outdoor collection in Burkina Faso. Malar J 2015; 14:161. [PMID: 25888896 PMCID: PMC4406007 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Feasibility and costs of monitoring efforts aimed to monitor mosquito species are strictly dependent on the presence of skilled entomologists directly in the field. However, in several contexts this is not possible or easy to organize, thus limiting the possibility to obtain crucial information on presence/abundance of potential disease vectors and of new invasive species. Digital imaging approaches could be extremely useful in the frame of medical entomology to overcome this limit. This work describes a surveillance approach to collect and morphologically identify host-seeking malaria vectors based on remote transmission of digital images of specimens collected with ad hoc modified traps. Methods CDC light trap (CDC) and the BG-Sentinel trap (BG), both baited with BG-lure and CO2, were modified in order to have collected mosquitoes immobilized on a bi-dimensional surface. The performance of the two traps in the field was comparatively tested by Latin-square experiments in two villages of Burkina Faso under low and high mosquito densities. The efficiency of identifications based the inspection of digital images versus microscopic identifications of collected specimens was compared. Results A total of 1,519 mosquitoes belonging to 16 species were collected, of which 88.5% were microscopically identified as Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly Anopheles coluzzii, 85.7%). During dry season BG collected 15 times more females than CDC outdoors, whereas indoors the BG collected 0.4 times less than CDC. During rainy season the ratio BG/CDC was 6.4 and 0.7 outdoors and indoors, respectively. The efficiency of digital images versus microscopic identifications of collected specimens was 97.9%, 95.6% and 81.5% for Culicidae, Anophelinae and An. gambiae s.l., respectively. Conclusions Results strongly encourage the use of BG-trap for collecting host-seeking An. gambiae particularly in the outdoor environment, providing new perspectives to the challenge of collecting this fraction of the biting population, whose epidemiological relevance is increasing due to the success of large-scale implementation of indoor malaria vector control strategies. Moreover, results show that the transmission of digital images of specimens collected by the ad hoc modified host-seeking traps efficiently allows identification of malaria vectors, thus opening the perspective to easily carry out mosquito monitoring also in the absence of entomologists directly in the field. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0674-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - Wamdaogo M Guelbeogo
- Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Maria Calzetta
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - N'Fale Sagnon
- Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Vincenzo Petrarca
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
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Rodrigues MDM, Marques GRAM, Serpa LLN, Arduino MDB, Voltolini JC, Barbosa GL, Andrade VR, de Lima VLC. Density of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and its association with number of residents and meteorological variables in the home environment of dengue endemic area, São Paulo, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:115. [PMID: 25890384 PMCID: PMC4336725 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measure the populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus adults according to sex and location inside or outside the residence, estimate Ae. aegypti female density per house and per resident, and test the association with abiotic factors. METHODS Adult mosquitoes were collected monthly with a hand net and portable electric catcher in the peridomiciliary and intradomiciliary premises of residences in an urban area with ongoing dengue transmission in the municipality of São Sebastião, Brazil, from February 2011 to February 2012. RESULTS Of the 1,320 specimens collected, 1,311 were Ae. aegypti, and nine were Ae. albopictus. A total of 653 male and 658 female of Ae. aegypti were recorded, of which 80% were intradomiciliary. The mean density of Ae. aegypti adult females was 1.60 females/house and 0.42 females/resident. There was an association between the number of females and the number of residents in both intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary premises (r(2) = 0.92; p < 0.001 and r(2) = 0.68; p < 0.001, respectively). There was an association between the number of females and the mean and total rainfall; the correlation was better in peridomiciliary premises (p = 0.00; r(2) = 77%) than intradomiciliary premises in both cases (p = 0.01; r(2) = 48%). Minimum temperature was associated in both environments, exhibiting the same coefficient of determination (p = 0.02; r(2) = 40%). The low frequency of Ae. albopictus (seven females and two males) did not allow for detailed evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Ae. aegypti is well established within the urban area studied, and the frequency of isolation is higher inside the houses. Female density was directly proportional to the number of residents in the houses. Our data show that human population density positively affects the number of Ae. aegypti females within the residence. Meteorological variables also affected mosquito populations. These data indicate a high probability of human-vector contact, increasing the possible transmission and spread of the DEN virus. Entomological indicators of adult females revealed important information complimenting what was obtained with traditional Stegomyia indices. This information should be a part of an interconnected data set for evaluating and controlling the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianni de Moura Rodrigues
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Praça Coronel Vitoriano, 23 Jardim Santa Clara, Centro, Taubaté, São Paulo, CEP 12020-020, Brasil.
| | | | - Lígia Leandro Nunes Serpa
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Praça Coronel Vitoriano, 23 Jardim Santa Clara, Centro, Taubaté, São Paulo, CEP 12020-020, Brasil.
| | - Marylene de Brito Arduino
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Praça Coronel Vitoriano, 23 Jardim Santa Clara, Centro, Taubaté, São Paulo, CEP 12020-020, Brasil.
| | - Júlio Cesar Voltolini
- Universidade de Taubaté, Avenida Tiradentes, 500, Bom Conselho, Taubaté, São Paulo, CEP 12030-180, Brasil.
| | - Gerson Laurindo Barbosa
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Rua Paula Souza, 166, Luz, São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 01027-000, Brasil.
| | - Valmir Roberto Andrade
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Rua São Carlos, 546, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13035-420, Brasil.
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Pepin KM, Leach CB, Marques-Toledo C, Laass KH, Paixao KS, Luis AD, Hayman DTS, Johnson NG, Buhnerkempe MG, Carver S, Grear DA, Tsao K, Eiras AE, Webb CT. Utility of mosquito surveillance data for spatial prioritization of vector control against dengue viruses in three Brazilian cities. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:98. [PMID: 25889533 PMCID: PMC4335543 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vector control remains the primary defense against dengue fever. Its success relies on the assumption that vector density is related to disease transmission. Two operational issues include the amount by which mosquito density should be reduced to minimize transmission and the spatio-temporal allotment of resources needed to reduce mosquito density in a cost-effective manner. Recently, a novel technology, MI-Dengue, was implemented city-wide in several Brazilian cities to provide real-time mosquito surveillance data for spatial prioritization of vector control resources. We sought to understand the role of city-wide mosquito density data in predicting disease incidence in order to provide guidance for prioritization of vector control work. Methods We used hierarchical Bayesian regression modeling to examine the role of city-wide vector surveillance data in predicting human cases of dengue fever in space and time. We used four years of weekly surveillance data from Vitoria city, Brazil, to identify the best model structure. We tested effects of vector density, lagged case data and spatial connectivity. We investigated the generality of the best model using an additional year of data from Vitoria and two years of data from other Brazilian cities: Governador Valadares and Sete Lagoas. Results We found that city-wide, neighborhood-level averages of household vector density were a poor predictor of dengue-fever cases in the absence of accounting for interactions with human cases. Effects of city-wide spatial patterns were stronger than within-neighborhood or nearest-neighborhood effects. Readily available proxies of spatial relationships between human cases, such as economic status, population density or between-neighborhood roadway distance, did not explain spatial patterns in cases better than unweighted global effects. Conclusions For spatial prioritization of vector controls, city-wide spatial effects should be given more weight than within-neighborhood or nearest-neighborhood connections, in order to minimize city-wide cases of dengue fever. More research is needed to determine which data could best inform city-wide connectivity. Once these data become available, MI-dengue may be even more effective if vector control is spatially prioritized by considering city-wide connectivity between cases together with information on the location of mosquito density and infected mosquitos. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0659-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Pepin
- Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA. .,United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 4101 Laporte Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA. .,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
| | - Clint B Leach
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
| | | | - Karla H Laass
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Kelly S Paixao
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Angela D Luis
- Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA. .,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA. .,Current address: Department of Wildlife Biology, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA.
| | - David T S Hayman
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA. .,Current address: EpiLab, Infectious Disease research Centre (IDReC), Hopkirk Research Institute, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand.
| | - Nels G Johnson
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
| | - Michael G Buhnerkempe
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA. .,Current address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
| | - Scott Carver
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000, Australia.
| | - Daniel A Grear
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
| | - Kimberly Tsao
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
| | - Alvaro E Eiras
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Colleen T Webb
- Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA. .,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
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Resende MCD, Silva IM, Ellis BR, Eiras ÁE. A comparison of larval, ovitrap and MosquiTRAP surveillance for Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 108:1024-30. [PMID: 24402144 PMCID: PMC4005541 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, the entomological surveillance of Aedes (Stegomyia)
aegypti is performed by government-mandated larval surveys. In this
study, the sensitivities of an adult sticky trap and traditional surveillance
methodologies were compared. The study was performed over a 12-week period in a
residential neighbourhood of the municipality of Pedro Leopoldo, state of Minas
Gerais, Brazil. An ovitrap and a MosquiTRAP were placed at opposite ends of each
neighbourhood block (60 traps in total) and inspections were performed weekly. The
study revealed significant correlations of moderate strength between the larval
survey, ovitrap and MosquiTRAP measurements. A positive relationship was observed
between temperature, adult capture measurements and egg collections, whereas
precipitation and frequency of rainy days exhibited a negative relationship.
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13
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Maciel-de-Freitas R, Lima AWDS, Araújo SC, Lima JBP, Galardo AKR, Honório NA, Braga IA, Coelho GE, Codeço CT, Valle D. Discrepancies between Aedes aegypti identification in the field and in the laboratory after collection with a sticky trap. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:824-7. [PMID: 25317711 PMCID: PMC4238777 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, sticky traps are regularly employed to assist in the surveillance
of Aedes aegypti infestation. We tested two alternative
procedures for specimen identification performed by local health agents: directly in
the field, as recommended by certain manufacturers, or after transportation to the
laboratory. A total of 384 sticky traps (MosquiTRAP) were monitored monthly during
one year in four geographically representative Brazilian municipalities. When the
same samples were inspected in the field and in the laboratory, large differences
were noted in the total number of mosquitoes recorded and in the number of specimens
identified as Ae. aegypti by both procedures. Although field
identification has the potential to speed vector surveillance, these results point to
uncertainties in the evaluated protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Arthur Weiss da Silva Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Simone Costa Araújo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científica e Tecnológica do Estado do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Nildimar Alves Honório
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ima Aparecida Braga
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Claudia Torres Codeço
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Denise Valle
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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14
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Snetselaar J, Andriessen R, Suer RA, Osinga AJ, Knols BG, Farenhorst M. Development and evaluation of a novel contamination device that targets multiple life-stages of Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:200. [PMID: 24766772 PMCID: PMC4005817 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing global threat of Dengue demands new and easily applicable vector control methods. Ovitraps provide a low-tech and inexpensive means to combat Dengue vectors. Here we describe the development and optimization process of a novel contamination device that targets multiple life-stages of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Special focus is directed to the diverse array of control agents deployed in this trap, covering adulticidal, larvicidal and autodissemination impacts. Methods Different trap prototypes and their parts are described, including a floater to contaminate alighting gravid mosquitoes. The attractiveness of the trap, different odor lures and floater design were studied using fluorescent powder adhering to mosquito legs and via choice tests. We demonstrate the mosquitocidal impacts of the control agents: a combination of the larvicide pyriproxyfen and the adulticidal fungus Beauveria bassiana. The impact of pyriproxyfen was determined in free-flight dissemination experiments. The effect on larval development inside the trap and in surrounding breeding sites was measured, as well as survival impacts on recaptured adults. Results The developmental process resulted in a design that consists of a black 3 Liter water-filled container with a ring-shaped floater supporting vertically placed gauze dusted with the control agents. On average, 90% of the mosquitoes in the fluorescence experiments made contact with the gauze on the floater. Studies on attractants indicated that a yeast-containing tablet was the most attractive odor lure. Furthermore, the fungus Beauveria bassiana was able to significantly increase mortality of the free-flying adults compared to controls. Dissemination of pyriproxyfen led to >90% larval mortality in alternative breeding sites and 100% larval mortality in the trap itself, against a control mortality of around 5%. Conclusion This ovitrap is a promising new tool in the battle against Dengue. It has proven to be attractive to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and effective in contaminating these with Beauveria bassiana. Furthermore, we show that the larvicide pyriproxyfen is successfully disseminated to breeding sites close to the trap. Its low production and operating costs enable large scale deployment in Dengue-affected locations.
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15
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Sylvestre G, Gandini M, de Araújo JMG, Kubelka CF, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Preliminary evaluation on the efficiency of the kit Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag-ELISA to detect dengue virus in dried Aedes aegypti: a potential tool to improve dengue surveillance. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:155. [PMID: 24690324 PMCID: PMC3998069 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surveillance is a critical component of any dengue prevention and control programme. Herein, we investigate the efficiency of the commercial kit Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag-ELISA to detect dengue virus (DENV) antigens in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected under laboratory conditions. Methods Under insectary conditions, four to five day-old mosquitoes were orally challenged with DENV-2 titer of 3.6 x 105 PFU equivalent/ml, incubated for 14 days and then killed. At ten time-points following mosquito death (0, 6, 12, 24, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h), i.e., during a one-week period, dried mosquitoes were comparatively tested for the detection of the NS1 antigen with other methods of detection, such as qRT-PCR and virus isolation in C6/36 cells. Results We first observed that the NS1 antigen was more effective in detecting DENV-2 in Ae. aegypti between 12 and 72 h after mosquito death when compared with qRT-PCR. A second round involved comparing the sensitivity of detection of the NS1 antigen and virus isolation in C6/36 cells. The NS1 antigen was also more effective than virus isolation, detecting DENV-2 at all time-points, i.e., up to 168 h after mosquito death. Meanwhile, virus isolation was successful up to 96 h after Ae. aegypti death, but the number of positive samples per time period presented a tendency to decline progressively over time. From the 43 samples positive by the virus isolation technique, 38 (88.4%) were also positive by the NS1 test. Conclusion Taken together, these results are the first to indicate that the NS1 antigen might be an interesting complementary tool to improve dengue surveillance through DENV detection in dried Ae. aegypti females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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