[Compliance in antihypertensive therapy: analyses in scientific articles]

Poor adherence is a major barrier to the proper treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case-control field assessment in Iran

Leishmaniasis is an overlooked, poverty-stricken, and complex disease with growing social and public health problems. In general, leishmaniasis is a curable disease; however, there is an expansion of unresponsive cases to treatment in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). One of the effective and ignored determinants in the treatment outcome of CL is poor treatment adherence (PTA). PTA is an overlooked and widespread phenomenon to proper Leishmania treatment. This study aimed to explore the effect of poor adherence in unresponsiveness to treatment in patients with anthroponotic CL (ACL) by comparing conventional statistical modalities and machine learning analyses in Iran. Overall, 190 cases consisting of 50 unresponsive patients (case group), and 140 responsive patients (control group) with ACL were randomly selected. The data collecting form that included 25 queries (Q) was recorded for each case and analyzed by R software and genetic algorithm (GA) approaches. Complex treatment regimens (Q11), cultural and lay views about the disease and therapy (Q8), life stress, hopelessness and negative feelings (Q22), adverse effects of treatment (Q13), and long duration of the lesion (Q12) were the most prevalent significant variables that inhibited effective treatment adherence by the two methods, in decreasing order of significance. In the inherent algorithm approach, similar to the statistical approach, the most significant feature was complex treatment regimens (Q11). Providing essential knowledge about ACL and treatment of patients with chronic diseases and patients with misconceptions about chemical drugs are important issues directly related to the disease's unresponsiveness. Furthermore, early detection of patients to prevent the long duration of the disease and the process of treatment, efforts to minimize side effects of treatment, induction of positive thinking, and giving hope to patients with stress and anxiety by medical staff, and family can help patients adhere to the treatment.

Produção bibliográfica sobre adesão/não-adesão de pessoas ao tratamento de saúde

Análise crítica da produção bibliográfica latino-americana dos últimos dez anos, acerca da adesão/não-adesão ao tratamento de pessoas portadoras de problemas crônicos de saúde: hanseníase, tuberculose, hipertensão, diabetes e aids. Foram analisados 36 artigos, identificando-se as variáveis: ano de publicação, área de publicação e tipo de estudo. A maior parte dos artigos (27) foi produzida por profissionais da área de Medicina em estudos epidemiológicos e da área de Enfermagem (7) em estudos qualitativos e quanti-qualitativos. A produção científica sobre o assunto cresceu até 2002, caindo a partir desse ano. Nas definições descritas pelos autores, a idéia recorrente foi a de que o papel do paciente é o de ser submisso às recomendações dos profissionais de saúde e que ele tem autonomia para seguir ou não o tratamento, mas o profissional exime-se da responsabilidade sobre as conseqüências dessa decisão. A maioria dos fatores apontados pelos autores como contribuintes para a não-adesão está relacionada ao paciente, mostrando que a maior carga de responsabilidade pela adesão/não-adesão é conferida a ele. As medidas assinaladas pelos autores para a resolução do problema permitem a identificação da responsabilidade dos profissionais, serviços de saúde, governos e instituições de ensino.

Association among nursing diagnoses, demographic variables, and clinical characteristics of patients with high blood pressure

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association among diagnoses, demographic variables, and clinical characteristics of patients with high blood pressure. METHODS: The data were collected in 67 patients from a primary care unit in Fortaleza, Brazil. The NANDA Taxonomy was used to determine the nursing diagnoses. Data analysis consisted of Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test, and likelihood ratio test. RESULTS: Fifty four nursing diagnoses were identified; fifteen were above the 75th percentile. Ineffective individual therapeutic regimen management and number of medication, sleep pattern disturbance and marital status, activity intolerance and education, activity intolerance and time of diagnoses, sexual dysfunction and gender, sexual dysfunction and education, risk for falls and age, marital status and time of diagnoses, chronic pain and marital status all had significant association coefficients. CONCLUSION: Some demographic characteristics were associated with nursing diagnoses.

Compliance with therapy in hypertensive patients

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated pharmacological compliance in hypertensive patients recruited during a 24-month period at the Hypertension Clinic of the S. Maria Nuova Hospital.

METHODS

The compliance profile scale was developed in order to classify compliance as sufficient, or poor. Compliance was evaluated according to patients' (1) global cardiovascular risk (hypertensive) and (2) complexity of prescribed treatment at enrolment (drug, number of pills).

RESULTS

A total of 367 patients were recruited; 82 were excluded owing to changes in therapeutic schedule or medication necessitated by other medical or surgical disease. Compliance was evaluated in 285 patients, 66% were male; the mean age was 72 +/- 12 years. Compliance was evaluated at a series of follow-ups at 3-month intervals and at 36 months of observation. Compliance at 36 months was good or sufficient in 56% of patients, but differed according to hypertensive and drug status. Compliance was better in patients with a higher level vs. lower level of hypertension severity. Specifically, compliance was better in hypertensives with co-morbidity (76%) than in hypertensives without co-morbidity (37%) or hypertensives with risk factors (65%). Moreover, compliance was better in patients with a more complex therapeutic regimen (drug 1 through 3: 47, 59 and 66%).

CONCLUSIONS

These data demonstrate a relationship between disease severity and compliance, independent of the prescribed therapeutic regimen. This suggests that the most important factor for therapy adherence is disease awareness and severity, and patients with a higher level of disease are more likely to be compliant.

[Ambulatory nursing care for patients with aortic valve disease]

This study aimed at characterizing the profile of outpatients with aortic valve dysfunction, identifying their knowledge about the disease, their major limitations during everyday activities and their means of coping with their predicament. The data obtained by semi-structured interviews with 12 patients and analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods enabled to identify how the patients perceive the illness and the treatment as well as the implications to their everyday activities, that is, they allowed to capture reality from the subject's perspective, which is the knowledge for the elaboration of an educational proposal.