Aconselhamento sobre modos saudáveis de vida na Atenção Primária e práticas alimentares dos usuários

Cardiometabolic, functional, and psychosocial effects of a remotely supervised home-based exercise program in individuals with type 2 diabetes (RED study): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a serious global health problem, and exercise is considered an essential non-pharmacological tool in T2D prevention and treatment. During periods of social isolation experienced by the COVID-19 pandemic, home-based exercise programs were strongly recommended as a strategy to facilitate exercise practice and reduce the negative impacts of social isolation. Remotely supervised exercise stands out as an easily accessible strategy after the pandemic, as it is a tool that aims to facilitate access to exercise by this population. The purpose of the RED study is to verify the effects of a remotely supervised home-based exercise program compared to a control group on cardiometabolic, functional, and psychosocial outcomes in patients with T2D.

METHODS

Participants are randomized into the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG). Participants allocated to the CG receive recommendations for the practice of physical activity based on information from chapters of the Physical Activity Guide for the Brazilian Population, while the IG will perform a 12-week home-based exercise program supervised remotely by video call. The intervention has a weekly frequency of two sessions per week on non-consecutive days during the first 6 weeks and three sessions per week on non-consecutive days for the remaining 6 weeks. The RED study has HbA1c as the primary outcome, and the participants' cardiometabolic, functional, and psychosocial parameters are assessed at baseline (week 0) and post-intervention (week 13).

DISCUSSION

Expected results of the proposed study will provide the knowledge base of health professionals and deliver more evidence for a growing area, i.e., home-based exercise and T2D. Additionally, this protocol aims to verify and demonstrate whether this program can be accessible and effective for different health outcomes in patients with T2D.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The RED study protocol was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05362071). Date registered April 6, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05362071 .

Inequalities in the receipt of healthcare practitioner counseling for adults after COVID-19 in southern Brazil

Health counseling is a prevention and health promotion action, especially in the context of a pandemic, for both preventing disease and maintaining health. Inequalities may affect receipt of health counseling. The aim was to provide an overview of the prevalence of receiving counseling and to analyze income inequality in the receipt of health counseling.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional telephone survey study with individuals aged 18 years or older with diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19 using RT-PCR testing between December 2020 and March 2021. They were asked about receipt of health counseling. Inequalities were assessed using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CIX) measures. We used the Chi-square test to assess the distribution of outcomes according to income. Adjusted analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment.

RESULTS

A total of 2919 individuals were interviewed. Low prevalence of health counseling by healthcare practitioner was found. Participants with higher incomes were 30% more likely to receive more counseling.

CONCLUSIONS

These results serve as a basis for aggregating public health promotion policies, in addition to reinforcing health counseling as a multidisciplinary team mission to promote greater health equity.

Adults and the elderly who received nutritional counseling in a city of southern Brazil: a population-based study

INTRODUCTION

Nutrition counseling has played a critical role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate how adults and elderly people, who are residents in an urban area of Southern Brazil, received nutritional counseling.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional population based study. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied at home. The outcome was the prevalence of nutritional counseling received in the past year that came from different means, including means of communication. Sociodemographic variables, doctor visits in the past year, nutritional state and other healthcare variables were analyzed.

RESULTS

The sample included 1,296 individuals (rate of answer of 90.7%). The results indicate that the majority of the people interviewed were females (56.6%), with their age ranging from 18 to 59 years-old (75.3%). The prevalence of people receiving nutritional counseling was 19.9% (95%CI 17.3 -22.5). It was higher among women than men (p = 0.01). The sex-adjusted analyses showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association in men for the variables: schooling ≥ 12 years; medical consultation in the last year; low weight; obesity; diabetes and hypertension. Among the women, the following variables were associated with the outcome: health insurance; medical consultation in the last year; obesity and diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

The low prevalence of nutritional counseling and its association with diseases exposes the need for it to be implemented not only for treatment purposes but also as preventive health actions.

Effectiveness of a Behavior Change Program on Physical Activity and Eating Habits in Patients With Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to analyze the effect of a behavior change program, called Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde (VAMOS), on physical activity, eating habits, and quality of life in patients with hypertension.

METHODS

A randomized controlled trial was carried out in 90 patients with hypertension (57.8 ± 9.9 y). They were randomly assigned to 2 groups: VAMOS group (n = 45) and control group (n = 45). The VAMOS group participated in a behavioral change program aimed at motivating changes in physical activity and nutrition behavior for 12 weeks. Physical activity, eating habits, quality of life, self-efficacy, and social support were evaluated at preintervention and postintervention.

RESULTS

The control group increased sedentary time (407 ± 87 vs 303 ± 100 min/d; P < .05) and sedentary bouts (434 ± 86 vs 336 ± 98 min/d; P < .05) and reduced total physical activity (553 ± 87 vs 526 ± 86 min/d; P < .05). The VAMOS group improved the general healthy eating habits score (36.9 ± 6.6 vs 43.4 ± 5.8; P < .05) and quality of life (44% vs 92%; P < .05).

CONCLUSION

The VAMOS program was effective in improving eating habits and quality of life in patients with hypertension.

Hábitos saudáveis: que tipo de orientação a população idosa está recebendo dos profissionais de saúde?

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de orientações sobre hábitos saudáveis recebidas de profissionais de saúde entre idosos e sua relação com indicadores socioeconômicos, demográficos, comportamentais, de saúde e do tipo de serviços. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com indivíduos de 60 anos ou mais da zona urbana de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Foram avaliadas sete orientações sobre hábitos saudáveis: controlar o peso, reduzir o sal, açúcar e gordura, praticar atividade física, não fumar e não ingerir bebidas alcoólicas. Resultados: Entre os 1.451 idosos entrevistados, 1.281 (88,3%) consultaram no último ano. As orientações mais referidas foram para redução do consumo de gordura (61,7%), de sal (61,5%) e prática de atividade física (58,2%). Idosos que consultaram três vezes ou mais e em serviços financiados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde receberam mais orientações. Aqueles idosos de classificação econômica A/B tiveram maior probabilidade de receber orientação para controle de peso (RP = 1,27; IC95% 1,06 - 1,70) e para prática de atividade física (RP = 1,34; IC95% 1,06 - 1,69). Conclusão: As orientações, por profissionais de saúde, foram pouco frequentes e, em alguns casos, desfocalizadas.

Consumo de frutas e hortaliças e as condições de saúde de homens e mulheres atendidos na atenção primária à saúde

ResumoEstudo transversal com o objetivo de analisar as associações entre as condições de saúde e a inadequação do consumo de frutas e hortaliças (FH) de 1.255 homens e mulheres atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Belo Horizonte (MG). A coleta de dados contemplou o consumo de FH, a situação socioeconômica e as condições de saúde. Os resultados foram apresentados em razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Verificou-se 77,5% (IC 95%: 75,1%-79,8%) de inadequação do consumo de FH (< 5 porções diárias) e esta foi superior entre os homens (83,8%, IC 95%: 79,0%-88,5% vs. mulheres: 76%, IC 95%: 73,4%-78,6%). Para as mulheres, o consumo inadequado de FH foi maior entre aquelas com percepção muito ruim da qualidade de sua saúde (RP: 1,37; IC 95%: 1,19-1,59) e entre as que consideraram a sua alimentação não saudável (RP: 1,15; IC 95%: 1,07-1,24). Para os homens, o consumo inadequado de FH foi superior entre os que referiram de 2 a 4 visitas ao médico no ano anterior à entrevista (RP: 1,21; IC 95%: 1,06-1,37). Concluiu-se que o consumo de FH na amostra encontra-se aquém das recomendações e que as condições de saúde se associaram de maneira distinta entre os sexos.