The view of teachers on bullying and implications for nursing

Teasing and alcohol drinking among African American adolescents in Chicago's Southside: Implications for nursing practice

OBJECTIVE

Guided by the routine activity theory, the current study proposes and tests pathways by which an absence of a capable guardian can contribute to interactions with motivated offenders and suitable targets, increasing the likelihood of teasing others and using alcohol.

SAMPLE

The study participants consisted of 612 African American adolescents in four low-income neighborhoods in Chicago's Southside.

MEASURES

Measures include alcohol use, absence of a capable guardian, the presence of a motivated offender, target suitability, and teasing. Covariates include age, biological sex, and government assistance. Analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling.

RESULTS

The absence of a capable guardian variable positively correlated with the presence of a motivated offender. The presence of a motivated offender variable was positively associated with target suitability, which was positively related to teasing and alcohol use. The presence of a motivated offender and target suitability variables were positively associated with teasing and alcohol use.

CONCLUSION

Findings highlight the importance of capable guardians and potentially have implications for nursing practice.

Implications of School Bullying Victimization in Mental Health: Qualitative Evidence

Abstract This study aimed to understand the impact of victimization caused by bullying on the mental health of adolescents. It is a qualitative investigation conducted with 55 students from 11 public schools in a city of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and reviewed according to content analysis using Atlas TI software. A total of 19 students participating in the study reported having already suffered bullying at school. It was verified in the narratives that the victimization by bullying represents a threat to the health and mental well-being of the students, characterizing itself as a painful, daily and lasting experience in the school trajectory. Four thematic categories were identified: 1) Mental illness attributed to the aggressions suffered; 2) Negative emotions associated with school and peer relationships; 3) Impotence and passivity; and 4) distrust of weak institutional responses. The results can support interventions to promote mental health at school with victimized students.

Web Radio: educational nursing care technology addressing cyberbullying students' statements

OBJECTIVES

to understand, from the vocabulary universe of young students, the knowledge and statements on cyberbullying via Web Radio Associação de Jovens de Irajá.

METHODS

a qualitative research. Students' speech questions were used on the web radio's message board and on the station's social networks; 35 students participated. The analysis was based on Paulo Freire's Culture Circle and Thematic Analysis.

RESULTS

the following categories emerged: "Cyberbullying: Reading the World Youth School", which describes the vocabulary universe of youths: social networks, bullying, internet, cyberbullying, violence, fakes and anonymity; and "Is Cyberbullying a Joke or Virtual Violence?", which points to the health consequences, therapeutic alternatives of treatment and punitive laws. Final Considerations: nursing educational care with schoolchildren via web radio brought contributions on cyberbullying, since the youths adopted reflective postures in the face of the problem.

Theater of the Oppressed and bullying: nursing performance in school adolescent health

OBJECTIVE

to assess the effects of an intervention based on the Theater of the Oppressed in reducing school bullying.

METHOD

a quasi-experimental study with 232 first-year high school students from two public schools in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. An intervention was performed with the Theater of the Oppressed, a theatrical methodology created by Augusto Boal and inspired by Paulo Freire's "Pedagogy of the Oppressed", in which one school composed the intervention group, and another school, the comparison group. Both groups were assessed for involvement in bullying situations before and after intervention. For data analysis, Poisson Regression models with random effect were used.

RESULTS

intervention group presented a significant decrease in direct victimization (physical and verbal aggression).

CONCLUSION

the Theater of the Oppressed represents an important strategy in reducing bullying victimization among school adolescents.

Brief antibullying intervention for adolescents in public schools

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the results of a brief antibullying intervention for adolescents in public schools. Method: This was a controlled experimental study whose subjects were 1,043 students in 5th through 9th grades from public schools in Porto Alegre/State of Rio Grande do Sul, conducted between April and November 2015. Adolescents and school teachers randomly assigned to the intervention group participated in two meetings focused on educative aspects of bullying. Outcome was assessed using the Bullying Questionnaire - victim and perpetrator version. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Results: Average age of subjects was 12.5 (SD=1.62) years. A total of 613 (58.7%) adolescents participated in interventions. They were compared to 430 (41.3%) participants in the control group. The study did not observe any significant difference in bullying scores after the intervention. Conclusions: This study indicates the usefulness of clarifying precisely what bullying is in schools as part of an initial approach to an educative strategy on this topic.

Intervention in social skills and bullying

OBJECTIVE

to verify if the improvement of social and emotional skills reduces bullying victimization in 6th grade students 12 months after the end of the intervention.

METHOD

Quasi-experimental study with 78 students who were bullying victims. A cognitive behavioral intervention based on social skills was conducted with the intervention group. The eight sessions addressed politeness, making friendships, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness and solution of interpersonal problems. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with random effect.

RESULTS

Quasi-experimental study with 78 students who were bullying victims. A cognitive behavioral intervention based on social skills was conducted with the intervention group. The eight sessions addressed politeness, making friendships, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness and solution of interpersonal problems. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with random effect.

CONCLUSION

Social skills are important in anti-bullying interventions and can be the basis for intersectoral interventions in the health area, aimed at favoring the empowerment of victims by improving their social interactions and quality of life in school.

Experience and professional training in the School Health Program

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the association between experience and professional training in the School Health Program.

METHOD

Descriptive, inferential, quantitative and normative study. The data were collected from May to July 2017 through a questionnaire based in the School Health Program, with the participation of professionals from the Family Health Strategy.

RESULTS

105 professionals participated in the study. The average time working in the Family Health Strategy and in the School Health Program is 12.1 and 7.2 years, respectively. 94.3% of the professionals feel qualified to perform the activities of the School Health Program, although only 30.5% have participated in training. There is statistical association between experience and professional training.

CONCLUSION

The professionals who conduct activities in the School Health Program undergo few training processes, but feel qualified to carry out the activities proposed.

Prevalence of the bullying phenomenon in a schools sample of Palermo, Sicily: a pre-post intervention observational study among teachers

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK

Bullying involves a significant percentage of school-age children. According to the latest available surveillance data, in Sicily, the estimated prevalence among 11-15 years old children is 14%. This study aimed to estimate a prevalence of the bullying phenomenon, observed by teachers, in a sample of secondary schools of Palermo, Sicily. Moreover, after the conduction of preventive interventions among teachers, aimed to evaluate any modification in bullying prevalence.

METHODS

A cluster sampling selection according to socio-economic level of the school neighborhood was carried out. Two anonymous online questionnaires, pre and post-intervention, were administered to the 63 teaching staff, belonging to second and third year classes of ten secondary schools enrolled. Preventive interventions were conducted among teachers by experienced researchers.

RESULTS

Prevalence of bullying reported decreased significantly from 44.4% to 19.0% (p-value 0.001), comparing pre and post-intervention questionnaires. A reduction in the prevalence of verbal and physical bullying and a concomitant slight increase of indirect bullying were also observed. All the characteristics, reported by the teaching staff, for describing bullies, victims and observers of bullying have been categorized under three different content domains (affective-relational discomfort, socio-cultural context, and character/natural disposition).

CONCLUSIONS

The present study estimated the prevalence and the characteristics of bullying phenomenon in a sample of secondary schools of Palermo, evaluating the reduction of bullying episodes among students, after a preventive interventions conducted among teaching staff. Data obtained confirmed the effectiveness of this approach and suggested an extension of the project at Regional Level.

Prevalence and factors associated with experience of intrafamilial violence by teenagers in school

OBJECTIVE

To estimate prevalence of intrafamilial violence experience and its association with sociodemographic, sexual and use of alcohol/drugs variables in teenagers of a public school in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

METHOD

Cross-sectional study with 239 teenagers. Data were collected through structured instrument, analyzed according to descriptive and inferential statistics, with multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS

Research pointed out a high prevalence of intrafamilial violence among teenagers (60.67%). Experience of this grievance was associated, with statistical significance, with the variables: higher age range (PR = 1.83 and 95%CI: 1.05 - 3.18) and regular use of condom (PR = 1.81 and 95%CI: 1.06 - 3.08). Violence was also associated with consumption of alcohol and marijuana.

CONCLUSION

Regular use of condom and consumption of alcohol and/or marijuana represent risk behaviors to the experience of intrafamilial violence by teenagers in school, especially older than 15 years old.

The practice of bullying among Brazilian schoolchildren and associated factors, National School Health Survey 2015

This study explored associations between bullying and sociodemographic, mental health and risk behavior variables in school age children. This cross-sectional survey analyzed data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2015). A multiple logistic regression analysis checked for factors associated with bullying. Nineteen point eight percent (95%CI 10.5 - 20.0) of the students claimed they practiced bullying. The practice of bullying was more common among students enrolled in private schools, those living with their parents, and those whose mothers have more years of schooling and are gainfully employed (28.1% CI 27.3-28.8). In terms of mental health characteristics, bullying was more common among those feeling alone, suffering from insomnia and with no friends. Looking at family characteristics, those reporting they are physically punished by family members (33.09% CI 33.1-34.6) and miss school without telling their family (28.4% 95% CI 27.9-29.0) are more likely to practice bullying. Bullying was more frequent among those reporting tobacco, alcohol and drug use, and among students claiming to have had sexual relations. The data shows that bullying is significant and interferes in school children's health and the teaching-learning process. This must be addressed looking at youth as protagonists and in an inter-sectoral context.

Ways to explain bullying: dimensional analysis of the conceptions held by adolescents

This study unveils the meaning attributed by students to bullying and contributes to the approach of student health. The objective was to identify the dimensions of the conceptions of students regarding bullying. A total of 55 students from 11 public schools participated by answering semi-structured interviews. Dimensional analysis was used to treat data and a matrix was constructed with the dimensions identified. The Grounded Theory was adopted as the methodological and theoretical framework. The adolescents were aware of the main dimensions of bullying but explained it descriptively and from individual perspectives. The following dimensions were identified: type, nature, examples, motivation and consequences. The type of violence was a dimension with greater explanatory power in relation to the remaining dimensions. Verbal violence and its different manifestations stood out. Aspects of the literature that define bullying were identified, indicating how the topic is diffused, its occurrence and how it is understood by students. The innovative nature of this study is its focus on the identification of the dimensions of bullying present in the narrative of Brazilian students. It is an approach that contributes to the organization of healthcare programs and interventions in different fields.