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Adult hypertensive rats are more prone to gut microflora perturbation and fibrosis in response to moderate restraint stress. Transl Res 2023; 254:92-114. [PMID: 36566015 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a common endpoint for numerous cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence of which has been quickly increasing due to a wide range of reasons. Previous research has found that following stress, ELISA and 16S rDNA sequencing indicated substantial changes in plasma cytokines or hormones, as well as alterations in gut microbiota in juvenile hypertensive rats. However, it remains still unclear how such interaction modifications affect microbial populations and organismal function. Stress-related hormones show a significant drop. Similar to earlier research, the stress group had dramatically increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17. Importantly, a unified collection of tools that allows for deep and comprehensive colonic structural investigation has been developed. Stress may limit the transition of macrophages (Mφs) to M1Mφs while increasing the transfer to M2Mφs. Evidence highlighted that tight junction proteins were decreased along with enhancement in intestinal permeability. Morphological analysis revealed that the SHR-S group exhibited considerably higher levels of morphological alterations and fibrosis in colon, heart, and thoracic aorta tissues.Significant improvements in bacteria linked with short-chain fatty acid synthesis, such as Prevotella and Ruminococcus, were discovered by metagenomic analysis. Adult hypertensive rats are more susceptible to gut microbiota disruption and fibrosis as a result of mild restraint stress. This might contribute to some innovative ideas for HTN both treatment and prevention.
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Russo E, Giudici F, Ricci F, Scaringi S, Nannini G, Ficari F, Luceri C, Niccolai E, Baldi S, D'Ambrosio M, Ramazzotti M, Amedei A. Diving into Inflammation: A Pilot Study Exploring the Dynamics of the Immune-Microbiota Axis in Ileal Tissue Layers of Patients with Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1500-1516. [PMID: 33611347 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease [CD] is still unclear. Disorders in the mucosal immunoregulation and its crosstalk with the microbiota may represent an important component in tissue injury. We aimed to characterize the molecular immune response distribution within the ileal layers and to evaluate the correlated microbiota in pathological/healthy settings comparing first surgery/relapse clinical conditions. METHODS We enrolled 12 CD patients. A comprehensive analysis of an ileal mucosa, submucosa and serosa broad-spectrum cytokine panel was performed through a multiplex approach. In addition, ileal microbiota composition was assessed through next generation sequencing. RESULTS We observed a distinct profile [of IL1-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, ICAM-1, E-Selectin, P-Selectin, IP-10, IL 6 and IL 18] across the CD vs healthy ileal layers; and a different distribution of IFN- γ, P-Selectin, IL-27 and IL-21 in first surgery vs relapse patients. In addition, the phylum Tenericutes, the family Ruminococcaceae, and the genera Mesoplasma and Mycoplasma were significantly enriched in the pathological setting. Significant microbiota differences were observed between relapse and first surgery patients regarding the class Bacteroidia, and the genera Prevotella, Flavobacterium, Tepidimonas and Escherichia/Shigella. Finally, the abundance of the genus Mycoplasma was positively correlated with IL-18. CONCLUSIONS We describe a dissimilarity of cytokine distribution and microbiota composition within CD and adjacent healthy ileal tissue layers and between first operation and surgical relapse. Our results give potential insight into the dynamics of the gut microbiota-immune axis in CD patients, leading to detection of new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit - Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Scaringi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Ficari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mario D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical "Mario Serio", Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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Martos Rodríguez M, Guillén G, López-Fernández S, Martín Gimenez M, Ruiz CW, Ribes C, López M, Molino JA. Anastomosis near to the ileocecal valve in neonates with focal intestinal perforation, is it safe. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7011-7014. [PMID: 34096446 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1934444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anastomosis near the ileocecal valve (ICV) are controversial due to the increased pressure on the suture; in this situation, the valve could be removed at a first stage or at the moment of stoma closure. However, preservation of the ICV has proved important benefits in the long term. The aim of this study is to evaluate its feasibility in neonates with focal intestinal perforation (FIP). METHODS Retrospective study (2010-2019) of neonates with FIP who underwent intestinal resection and primary anastomosis. Patients were divided into group A (anastomosis less than 5 cm from ICV) and group B (more than 5 cm). RESULTS Forty patients were treated. Patients ostomized or with resection of ICV were excluded. Finally, 24 patients (birth weight 1043 ± 594 g (520-3000), age 8.8 ± 7.8 days (2-39)) were included for analysis. Patent ductus arteriosus was present in 75%. There were 6 patients in group A (25%) and 18 in group B (75%). Groups were comparable in terms of gestational age, birth weight, and age at the time of surgery (p > .05). There were no cases of dehiscence nor stenosis of the anastomosis. There were no differences in reoperation rate, infectious complications, time to enteral feeding, days of parenteral nutrition, hospital stay nor survival (p > .05). CONCLUSION Ileo-ileal anastomosis closer to the ileocecal junction, in neonates with focal intestinal perforation, is an effective and safe option which also allows the preservation of the ICV avoiding the complications derived from its absence in a group of patients with high morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Guillén
- Neonatal Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Fernández
- Neonatal Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - César W Ruiz
- Neonatology Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cármen Ribes
- Neonatology Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel López
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Andrés Molino
- Neonatal Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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Soler WV, Lee AD, D'Albuquerque EMC, Capelozzi V, Albuquerque LC, Capelhuchnick P, Lancelotti CP, Galvão FHF. THE EFFECT OF ILEOCECAL VALVE REMOVAL IN A MODEL OF SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA : ABCD = BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF DIGESTIVE SURGERY 2019; 32:e1417. [PMID: 30624526 PMCID: PMC6323627 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short bowel syndrome is a harmful condition that needs experimental research. AIM To assess the impact of the ileocecal valve removal in a model of short bowel syndrome, in order to investigate the evolution of the colon under this circumstance. METHOD Fifteen Wistar rats were equitable divided into: Control (Sham), Group I (70% enterectomy preserving ileocecal valve) and Group II (70% enterectomy excluding ileocecal valve). After enterectomy was performed jejunoileal or jejunocecal anastomosis and sacrificed the animals on 30th postoperative day for histomorphometric study of the colon. During this period, was observed the clinical evolution of the animals weekly including body weight measurement. RESULTS Group I and II presented progressive loss of weight. In Group I was observed diarrhea, perineal hyperemia and purple color of the colon during autopsy. Histomorphometry assay showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of colon mucosa in Group I. In Group II the colon wall was thicker due to hypertrophy and muscular hyperplasia, and in mucosa vascular proliferation and inflammatory infiltrate were intense. CONCLUSION This short bowel syndrome model is relevant and achieve 100% of survival. Animal's weight loss was not altered by the presence or exclusion of the ileocecal valve. Animals with 70% of small bowel removal and presence of the ileocecal valve attained a better clinical evolution and histological colon adaptation than those without ileocecal valve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Dong Lee
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations 37 - LIM 37, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo
| | | | - Vera Capelozzi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations 37 - LIM 37, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo
| | | | - Peretz Capelhuchnick
- Department of Surgery, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zhao C, Xie T, Li J, Cheng M, Shi J, Gao T, Xi F, Shen J, Cao C, Yu W. Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction with Feeding Intolerance in Critically Ill Patients: A Study according to Gut Wall Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:9574592. [PMID: 28386273 PMCID: PMC5366232 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9574592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To compare the differences between acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) with and without acute gut wall thickening. Methods. ACPO patients with feeding tolerance were divided into ACPO with no obvious gut wall thickening (ACPO-NT) group and ACPO with obvious acute gut wall thickening (ACPO-T) group according to computed tomography and abdominal radiographs. Patients' condition, responses to supportive measures, pharmacologic therapy, endoscopic decompression, and surgeries and outcomes were compared. Results. Patients in ACPO-T group had a significantly higher APACHE II (11.82 versus 8.25, p = 0.008) and SOFA scores (6.47 versus 3.54, p < 0.001) and a significantly higher 28-day mortality (17.78% versus 4.16%, p = 0.032) and longer intensive care unit stage (4 versus 16 d, p < 0.001). Patients in ACPO-NT group were more likely to be responsive to supportive treatment (62.50% versus 24.44%, p < 0.001), neostigmine (77.78% versus 17.64%, p < 0.001), and colonoscopic decompression (75% versus 42.86%, p = 0.318) than those in ACPO-T group. Of the patients who underwent ileostomy, 81.25% gained benefits. Conclusions. ACPO patients with gut wall thickening are more severe and are less likely to be responsive to nonsurgical treatment. Ileostomy may be a good option for ACPO patients with gut wall thickening who are irresponsive to nonsurgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Zhao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tingbin Xie
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Li
- Jining No.1 People's Hospital, No. 99 Jianshe West Road, Jining 272000, China
| | - Minhua Cheng
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jialiang Shi
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Fengchan Xi
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Juanhong Shen
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Chun Cao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210002, China
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