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Couto LFM, Bastos TSA, Morais IMLD, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, Falavigna RB, Spricigo JFW, Mota RA, Cruz BC, Colli MHA, Scarpa AB, Soares VE, Ferreira LL, Lopes WDZ. Reproductive, productive and financial consequences of chronic Trypanosoma vivax infection in a dairy cattle herd in a region without a cyclic vector. Vet Parasitol 2024; 330:110221. [PMID: 38878461 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the reproductive, productive and financial consequences of chronic Trypanosoma vivax infection in a dairy cattle herd located in a region without the cyclic vector during two years. Animals were categorized as either positive (chronically infected) or negative for T. vivax antibodies using a commercial rapid test. Additionally, serum samples from cows were analyzed for the presence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed through rectal palpation and ultrasonography after 30, 60 and every 21 days until the 144th day of pregnancy. If an abortion occurred in the final trimester, serology and cPCR were performed on calves for T. vivax and N. caninum. The breeding period, calving interval and pregnancy losses were recorded. The milk production of each animal during the 305 days of lactation was measured, and the annual financial impact of milk production was calculated using a revenue minus feed cost (RMFC) indicator. Out of 177 cows, 71.75 % were chronically infected, and 13.50 % were T. vivax-negative. No correlation (p = 0.8854) of co-infection between T. vivax and N. caninum was observed. Negative cows required fewer (p≤0.05) artificial inseminations than chronically infected ones. T. vivax was not significantly associated (p = 0.7893) with pregnancy loss up to 81 days of pregnancy. Cows chronically infected by T. vivax had 4-fold greater chance (p = 0.0280) of experiencing pregnancy loss between 82 and 144 days of gestation. Eighteen cows aborted, two were positive for T. vivax antibodies, and one for N. caninum antibodies. The calves were negative for T. vivax and N. caninum. Chronically infected cows and negative cows for T. vivax that experienced pregnancy loss (82-144 days of pregnancy) had a longer (p≤0.05) breeding period to become pregnant, and consequently a longer calving interval compared to cows that maintained pregnancy. The difference (p≤0.05) in milk production was evident when pregnancy loss occurred between 82 and 144 days of gestation in cows chronically infected by T. vivax. The RMFC indicated a negative impact of 38.2 % on the farm's annual milk revenue due to the presence of chronically infected cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Faculdade Anhanguera, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Breno Cayero Cruz
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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de Melo-Junior RD, Bastos TSA, Couto LFM, Cavalcante ASDA, Zapa DMB, de Morais IML, Heller LM, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, Franco ADO, Miguel MP, Ferreira LL, Cadioli FA, Machado RZ, Lopes WDZ. Trypanosoma vivax in and outside cattle blood: Parasitological, molecular, and serological detection, reservoir tissues, histopathological lesions, and vertical transmission evaluation. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105290. [PMID: 38776695 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study reports assessment of the sensitivity of diagnostic techniques to detect T. vivax in experimentally infected cattle. Additionally, it describes T. vivax extravascular parasitism during the acute and chronic phases of trypanosomosis and congenital transmission. The T. vivax diagnosis was compared using blood samples collected from the jugular, coccygeal and ear tip veins. For this study, 13 males and two females were infected with ≈ 1 × 106 viable T. vivax trypomastigotes (D0). One animal was kept as a negative control during the entire study. The 13 infected males were euthanized between 14 and 749 days post-infection (DPI). After confirming the cyclicity of both females (9 months of age), they were naturally mated with a bull. One female was euthanized at 840 DPI, and the other at 924 DPI. The two calves, one from each female, were euthanized at six months of age (924 DPI), and the negative control at 924 DPI. During this period, T. vivax in blood was assessed using direct methods (Woo test, cPCR, microscopic examination of fresh wet blood films and parasite quantification - Brener method), and serological methods (IFAT, ELISA, and IA). Tissue samples were collected from the liver, spleen, brain, cerebellum, heart, testicles, epididymis, kidneys, eyeballs, pre-scapular lymph nodes, ear tips, mammary glands, uterus, and ovaries. The protozoan DNA was examined using LAMP. There was no difference in the detection of T. vivax using the Woo test and Brener method among the jugular, coccygeal, and ear tip veins. The sensitivity of the detection methods varied depending on the disease phase. Direct methods (Woo test, Brener method, and cPCR) demonstrated higher sensitivity during the acute phase, while serological methods (IFAT, ELISA, and IA) were more sensitive during the chronic phase. Anti-T. vivax antibodies were detected up to 924 DPI. Tissue evaluation using LAMP demonstrated the presence of T. vivax DNA and associated histopathological changes up to 840 or 924 DPI. Only in mammary glands and ovaries was no DNA detected. The most frequently observed histopathological alteration was lymphohistioplasmocytic inflammatory infiltrate. No transplacental transmission of T. vivax was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Faculdade Anhanguera, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Maffini Heller
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Artur de Oliveira Franco
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marina Pacheco Miguel
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Pandolfi IA, de Oliveira WA, Martins-Filho OA, de Araújo FF, da Costa Rocha IA, Bittar ER, Araújo MSS, Bittar JFF. The seasonality as a relevant aspect to be considered for differential diagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax infection and co-infections in female cattle. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:102180. [PMID: 38653007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bovine Trypanosomiasis and other infectious diseases cause relevant loss for the livestock industry impacting productive/reproductive indices. This study intended to better understand the frequency, seasonality, and profile of infections associated with Bovine Trypanosomiasis. A total of 1443 serum samples were screened for T. vivax infection and other infectious diseases: Neosporosis, Leptospirosis, Bovine Leukosis Virus infection/(BLV), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/(IBR) or Bovine Viral Diarrhea/(BVD). Distinct methods were used for screening and diagnosis: immunofluorescence assay (Trypanosomiasis), ELISA (Neosporosis,BLV,IBR,BVD) and microscopic agglutination test (Leptospirosis). Our findings demonstrated that the seropositivity for Trypanosomiasis=57% was similar to Neosporosis=55%, higher than Leptospirosis=39% and BVL=34%, but lower than IBR=88% and BVD=71%. The seropositivity for Trypanosomiasis was higher in the autumn and lower in the winter. Regardless the season, the IBR seropositivity (min=73%;max=95%) was higher than Trypanosomiasis (min=48%;max=68%). Moreover, Neosporosis (min=71%;max=100%) and BVD (min=65%;max=76%) were more frequent than Trypanosomiasis in the summer, winter and spring. The diagnosis outcome revealed that Trypanosomiasis&IBR=43% and Trypanosomiasis&Neosporosis=35% were the most frequent co-infections with higher seropositivity in the autumn (58%) and summer (80%), respectively. Noteworthy, high seropositivity to Trypanosomiasis&BVD was registered in the autumn (46%). Together, our data re-enforce the relevance of differential diagnosis between Trypanosomiasis with other bovine infectious diseases and that differences in the seasonality profile is a relevant aspect to be considered while selecting the differential diagnosis to be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Andrade Pandolfi
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wallacy Augusto de Oliveira
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fortes de Araújo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ismael Artur da Costa Rocha
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eustáquio Resende Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Joely Ferreira Figueiredo Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Da Silva TR, Bomfim SRM, Cavalcanti FBP, Lopes WDZ, Utsonomiya YT, Cadioli FA. "Lysis and Concentration Technique" improves the parasitological diagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax. Vet Parasitol 2023; 323:110043. [PMID: 37826972 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The "Lysis and Concentration Technique" (LCTe) involves lysing red blood cells and concentrating parasites to increase the chances of visualization in low parasitemia and in scenarios of evaluators with less knowledge. The lysis of red blood cells reduced the time of diagnosis by 21 s, showing that the effect produced by the treatment is comparable to the effect of the experience in parasitological examination. In addition, the concentration of parasites was 39.18% higher for slides with high parasitemia and 131.03% for slides with low parasitemia in relation to the standard slide. LCTe proved to be inexpensive, with a total cost of approximately US$0.07 per slide made, which allows it to be easily implemented in most laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayna Rosendo Da Silva
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Medicine Post-Graduation Program Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Regina Mogami Bomfim
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, 16050-470 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Beatriz Pereira Cavalcanti
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Medicine Post-Graduation Program Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Bioscience and Technology Department, R. 235, s/n.º - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Yuri Tana Utsonomiya
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, 16050-470 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Medicine Post-Graduation Program Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, 16050-470 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Silva J, Silva B, Silva L, Queiroz W, Coelho M, Silva B, Marcusso P, Baêta B, Machado RZ. First detection of Trypanosoma vivax in dairy cattle from the northwest region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.B. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil
| | - B.M. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil
| | - L.T. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil
| | - W.C.C. Queiroz
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil
| | - M.R. Coelho
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil
| | - B.T. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil
| | | | - B.A. Baêta
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Alcindo JF, Vieira MCG, Rocha TVP, Cardinot CB, Deschk M, Amaral GG, Araujo RFD, Franciscato C, Castilho Neto KJGDA, Machado RZ, André MR. Evaluation of techniques for diagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax infections in naturally infected cattle in the Zona da Mata Mineira. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e018021. [PMID: 35239859 PMCID: PMC9901852 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic techniques for trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, in naturally infected cattle in Minas Gerais, Zona da Mata. The deaths of six lactating cows with similar clinical conditions-characterized by hyporexia, hypogalactia, and recumbency-had been reported from one property. Initially, two animals were examined and diagnosed with trypanosomiasis through identification of the protozoan in a blood smear. After the initial diagnosis, all lactating cows (n=37) on the property were examined, and blood samples were collected for tests including whole blood smear, buffy coat smear, Woo's technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Woo's test, buffy coat smears, and whole blood smears indicated that 4/37 (10.81%) animals were positive for trypanosomiasis, whereas ELISA and PCR indicated that 33/37 (89.19%) and 27/37 (72.97%) animals, respectively, were positive. The agreement obtained between parasitological techniques was classified as high, while between ELISA and PCR, no agreement. In conclusion, parasitological techniques have a low capacity to identify infected animals in the chronic stage of T. vivax infection. Therefore, techniques such as PCR and/or ELISA should be used to minimize the occurrence of false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Filgueira Alcindo
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Clara Guimarães Vieira
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Thamiris Vilela Pereira Rocha
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Cinthya Brillante Cardinot
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Maurício Deschk
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Gláucia Guimarães Amaral
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Rafael Ferreira de Araujo
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Carina Franciscato
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Kayo José Garcia de Almeida Castilho Neto
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosângela Zacarias Machado
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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Couto LFM, Bastos TSA, Heller LM, Zapa DMB, de Assis Cavalcante AS, Nicaretta JE, Cruvinel LB, de Melo Júnior RD, Ferreira LL, Soares VE, Cadioli FA, de Mendonça RP, Lopes WDZ. In vitro and in vivo effectiveness of disinfectants against Trypanosoma vivax. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 25:100587. [PMID: 34474782 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma vivax causes bovine trypanosomosis in cattle and resulting in economic losses to farmers. In Brazil, shared contaminated materials is the main transmission pathway. To evaluate the effectiveness of different disinfectants for T. vivax, in vitro and in vivo analyses were performed. At the laboratory, 21 disinfectants were tested. The disinfectants were placed in microtubes containing blood with approximately 1.0 × 106 trypomastigotes of T. vivax. The viability and motile of trypomastigotes after 30 s, one, 10, 15 and 30 min was evaluated by the thick drop method and the efficacy calculated. Disinfectants that showed 100% effectiveness were used in in vivo tests. Thirty calves negative for T. vivax were divided into six groups and were inoculated with disinfectant solutions (46% alcohol, 70% alcohol, or 0.5% iodine) + 1 × 106 trypomastigotes of the protozoa. Blood from each animal was collected at seven, 14 and 21 days after inoculation to verify the viability and presence of the protozoan by Woo, Brener, PCR, and LAMP methods. In the in vitro step, 13 of the 21 disinfected solutions exhibited 100% effectiveness against T. vivax at all evaluation times. In contrast, 70% alcohol and 0.5% iodine solutions exhibited 100% effectiveness in the in vivo tests and can be used to disinfect needles and syringes. The use of disinfectants is a rapid and efficient procedure to disinfect materials utilized in the field and concomitantly could help to reduce the dissemination of T. vivax in the cattle herd in cases of iatrogenic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maffini Heller
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Dina Maria Beltrán Zapa
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - João Eduardo Nicaretta
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Bueno Cruvinel
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rubens Dias de Melo Júnior
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Antônio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica Cirúrgica e Reprodução Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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8
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Eleizalde MC, Gómez-Piñeres E, Ramírez-Iglesias JR, Mendoza M. Evaluation of five primer sets for molecular detection of Trypanosoma vivax by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their implementation for diagnosis in naturally infected ruminants from Venezuela. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 25:100594. [PMID: 34474787 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma vivax is a protozoan parasite that causes trypanosomosis in ruminants and is widely distributed in tropical areas in the world. The control of this disease depends on the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tests implemented for naturally infected samples, where parasitaemias are usually low. This study aimed to evaluate the analytical sensitivity and specificity of several primers for T. vivax detection in experimental infections and their implementation for the diagnosis of trypanosomosis in naturally infected bovine and ovine samples. Using a T. vivax Venezuelan isolate, five sets of primers were evaluated: TviSL1/2, ITS1CF/BR, TVMF/R, ILO1264/1265, TVWA/B. Additionally, we tested the PCR protocols using different DNA quantities. The best set of primers (ILO1264/1265) was used to detect T. vivax DNA from whole blood and buffy coat samples of 12 sheep (ovine) and 45 cattle (bovine) of small farms from Venezuela, and compared to the micro-haematocrite centrifugation technique (MHCT). The highest sensitivity was 0.0001 ng for ILO1264/1265 and TVWA/B primers. Using 100 ng of DNA extracted from the buffy coat and the ILO1264/1265 primers for trypanosomosis diagnosis from naturally infected samples, yielded 66.7% (8/12) and 35.7% (16/45) positives in ovine and bovine respectively. The percentage of positives samples increased to 83.3% (10/12) and 64.4% (29/45), with 300 ng in the assays. Contrary, using 300 ng of DNA extracted from the whole blood yielded only 50% (6/12) and 28.9% (13/45) of positives samples for T. vivax respectively. MHCT only detected the parasite in bovine samples with 17.8% (8/45) of positives. Based on our results, we recommend the use of the ILO1264/1265 primers and 300 ng of DNA extracted from the buffy coat for epidemiological studies of naturally infected animals. Moreover, detection of the parasite in ovine herds highlights a possible role of this host in the epidemiology of trypanosomosis in Venezuela.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Eleizalde
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez, Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - E Gómez-Piñeres
- Núcleo Monagas, Escuela de Zootecnia, Departamento de Biología y Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Oriente, Maturín, Venezuela
| | - J R Ramírez-Iglesias
- Group for Neglected-Emerging Diseases, Eco-Epidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M Mendoza
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez, Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela.
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9
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Dyonisio GHS, Batista HR, da Silva RE, Azevedo RCDFE, Costa JDOJ, Manhães IBDO, Tonhosolo R, Gennari SM, Minervino AHH, Marcili A. Molecular Diagnosis and Prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in Buffaloes and Ectoparasites in the Brazilian Amazon Region. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:403-407. [PMID: 32696974 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma vivax Ziemann is a parasite that affects both wild and domestic ungulates and is transmitted mechanically via tabanids and other blood-sucking insects in the Americas. A total of 621 blood samples from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), and 184 ectoparasite samples (Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) sensu stricto and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae), and Haematopinus tuberculatus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Haematopinidae)) were obtained from 60 farms in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Twelve buffalo blood samples (1.89%) and 11 ectoparasites (6%) were positive for T. vivax based on the cathepsin L-like gene. All sequences were 99% similar to T. vivax from northeastern Brazil (EU753788) in amplified PCR assays on each of the hosts tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Henrique Souza Dyonisio
- Programa de Medicina Veterinária e Bem Estar Animal e Saúde Única - Universidade Santo Amaro, Av. Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Helder Ribeiro Batista
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Rua Vera Cruz s/n, Salé, Santarém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ryan Emiliano da Silva
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Roberta Carvalho de Freitas E Azevedo
- Programa de Medicina Veterinária e Bem Estar Animal e Saúde Única - Universidade Santo Amaro, Av. Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jaciara de Oliveira Jorge Costa
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ingridi Braz de Oliveira Manhães
- Programa de Medicina Veterinária e Bem Estar Animal e Saúde Única - Universidade Santo Amaro, Av. Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Renata Tonhosolo
- Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Santo Amaro. Av. Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Programa de Medicina Veterinária e Bem Estar Animal e Saúde Única - Universidade Santo Amaro, Av. Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Arlei Marcili
- Programa de Medicina Veterinária e Bem Estar Animal e Saúde Única - Universidade Santo Amaro, Av. Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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10
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Costa RVC, Abreu APM, Thomé SMG, Massard CL, Santos HA, Ubiali DG, Brito MF. Parasitological and clinical-pathological findings in twelve outbreaks of acute trypanosomiasis in dairy cattle in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 22:100466. [PMID: 33308723 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, infection in cattle was first reported in the state of Pará, in 1944, and the presence of the parasite has already been recorded in several states. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical-pathological aspects of a natural infection by T. vivax in dairy cattle in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Twelve outbreaks of the infection were diagnosed in 11 municipalities from April 2016 to October 2018. All properties had acquired cattle from states where the disease had already been recorded and it was found that needles for oxytocin administration had been shared. These outbreaks were studied by visiting the properties to perform anamnesis, clinical exams and collection of material for laboratory diagnosis. Laboratory diagnosis was performed through parasitological, molecular and histopathological techniques. Animals with confirmed diagnosis for T. vivax showed anemia, lack of appetite, decreased milk production, weight loss, weakness, abortion, diarrhea and neurological signs. The main histological lesions found were meningoencephalitis and lymphohistiocytic myocarditis. In the central nervous system, the lesions were more severe in the brain compared to the spinal cord, being progressively more severe in the rostro-dorsal direction. Also, they were more accentuated in the white matter compared to the gray matter. Due to nonspecific clinical signs, laboratory tests were key for diagnosis. Trypanosomiasis in cattle herds in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is of great concern because of its potential to cause economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata V C Costa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M Abreu
- Department of Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Sandra M G Thomé
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Luiz Massard
- Department of Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson A Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil.
| | - Daniel G Ubiali
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
| | - Marilene F Brito
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890000, Brazil
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11
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Batista JS, Araújo Júnior HND, Moura GHF, Góis RCDS, Paiva KARD, Silva JBD, Costa WP, Menezes MCD, Nunes FVA, Costa KMDFM, Medeiros GVDD. Cardiac involvement in trypanosomiasis in sheep experimentally infected by Trypanosoma vivax (Ziemman, 1905). Exp Parasitol 2019; 205:107714. [PMID: 31279927 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical signs, electrocardiographic signs and evolution of histopathological lesions in the heart of sheep experimentally infected by Trypanosoma vivax during the acute and chronic phases of infection as well as to investigate the presence of parasitic DNA in the heart using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty-two male sheep were divided into the following four groups: G1, which consisted of six sheep infected by T. vivax that were evaluated until 20 days post-infection (dpi; acute phase); G2, which consisted of six sheep infected by T. vivax that were evaluated until 90 dpi (chronic phase); and G3 and G4 groups, which each consisted of five uninfected sheep. At the end of the experimental period, electrocardiographic evaluations and necroscopic examinations were performed. Fragments of the heart were collected and stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson's trichrome, and the fragments were also evaluated by PCR for T. vivax. G2 animals presented clinical signs suggestive of heart failure and electrocardiogram alterations characterized by prolonged P, T and QRS complex durations as well as by a cardiac electrical axis shift to the left and increased heart rate. In these animals, mononuclear multifocal myocarditis and interstitial fibrosis were also observed. PCR revealed positivity for T. vivax in two G1 animals and in all G2 animals. Thus, these findings suggested that T. vivax is responsible for the occurrence of cardiac lesions, which are related to heart failure, electrocardiographic alterations and mortality of the infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jael Soares Batista
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil.
| | - Hélio Noberto de Araújo Júnior
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira Moura
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Rayr Cezar de Souza Góis
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Kaliane Alessandra Rodrigues de Paiva
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Jardel Bezerra da Silva
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Wirton Peixoto Costa
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Manuela Costa de Menezes
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Vitor Aires Nunes
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | - Gerard Vicente Dantas de Medeiros
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, 572 Av. Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
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12
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Reis MDO, Souza FR, Albuquerque AS, Monteiro F, Oliveira LFDS, Raymundo DL, Wouters F, Wouters ATB, Peconick AP, Varaschin MS. Epizootic Infection by Trypanosoma vivax in Cattle from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:191-195. [PMID: 31104413 PMCID: PMC6526221 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomiasis is caused by a pathogenic protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma, being Trypanosoma vivax the most important agent for cattle. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the expansion of T. vivax infection in different mesoregions of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and describe the clinicopathological findings of trypanosomiasis in cattle. The diagnosis was based on visualization of the parasite in blood smears and DNA detection of T. vivax in the blood of live cows and tissues of necropsied animals by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty suspected herds were tested, of which 11 were positive for T. vivax. The most frequent clinical signs were anemia, apathy, drop in milk production, weight loss, reproductive disorders, and nervous signs. Concomitant diseases, such as malignant edema, pneumonia and increased cases of mastitis were associated with T. vivax infection. Three cows were necropsied and the most significant findings were low body condition score, pale mucous and spleen with white pulp hyperplasia. The results demonstrated the expansion of T. vivax infection in Minas Gerais, that PCR-associated blood smears are promising for diagnosis, and that other diseases often occur concomitantly to T. vivax infection in regions with trypanosomiasis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus de Oliveira Reis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rezende Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Silva Albuquerque
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Monteiro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Djeison Lutier Raymundo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Flademir Wouters
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Peconick
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Mary Suzan Varaschin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37200-000, Brazil
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Terra JP, Blume GR, Rabelo RE, Medeiros JT, Rocha CG, Chagas IN, Aguiar MDS, Sant’Ana FJD. Neurological diseases of cattle in the state of Goiás, Brazil (2010-2017). PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: A retrospective study was conducted on neurological diseases of cattle in the state of Goiás, Brazil, from March 2010 to August 2017. Samples of three veterinary diagnostic laboratories were analyzed. Diagnosis was established in 170 out of 407 cattle with neurological signs. Epidemiological, clinical, and anatomic pathology features of each case were researched in the files. Main disorders included diseases caused by viruses (rabies 29.41%, meningoencephalitis by bovine herpesvirus 15.88%, and malignant catarrhal fever 1.76%), by bacteria (botulism 5.88%, suppurative meningitis 3.53%, encephalic abscesses 2.94%, listeriosis 1.76%, and thrombotic meningoencephalitis 1.76%), of metabolic origin (polioencephalomalacia 17.06%), of indefinite cause (lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis 11.18%, traumatic hemorrhages 3.53%, and multifocal malacia with gliosis 1.18%), congenital (hydrocephaly 1.18% and multiple malformations 0.59%), toxic (urea poisoning 1.18% and insecticide poisoning 0.59%), and parasitic (meningoencephalitis associated with infection by Trypanosoma sp. 0.59%).
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14
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Batista JS, Moura GHF, Lopes FC, Paiva KARD, Araújo Júnior HND, Góis RCDS, Costa KMDFM, Coelho WAC, Freitas CIA. Risk factors for trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax in cattle raised in Rio Grande do Norte state. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000232016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti Trypanosoma vivax antibodies and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in cattle in Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, through a cross-sectional epidemiological study, with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A total of 467 cattle’s serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. Forty-two samples tested positive for Trypanosoma vivax IgG antibodies, corresponding to the prevalence of 9%. Risk factors influencing the occurrence of trypanosomiasis were milk exploration, raising of European breeds, productivity category: lactation cow, purchase of new cattle, foraging habits near ponds and rivers, and the presence of mechanical vectors. So, high prevalence in beef animals (59.5%), females (95.2%), European breed (88.1%), lactating cows (85.7%), pasture at banks of dams and rivers (95.2%), in addition to the presence of mechanical vectors (81%) and acquisition of animals (88.1%), indicates the expansion of trypanosomiasis in Northeastern semi-arid region, and the information obtained may explain the epidemiological factors that determine the occurrence of trypanosomiasis by T. vivax in this region.
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Pereira HD, Simões SV, Souza FA, Silveira JA, Ribeiro MF, Cadioli FA, Sampaio PH. Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e diagnóstico da infecção por Trypanosoma vivax em rebanho bovino no estado do Maranhão. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de tripanossomose em uma propriedade leiteira no município de Timon no estado do Maranhão, Brasil. O proprietário relatava histórico de abortos, nascimentos de crias fracas e mortalidade de animais adultos com perda progressiva de peso. Foram realizadas visitas à propriedade para obtenção do histórico, exame dos animais e coleta de sangue para realização do teste de Woo, hemogramas, testes sorológicos para pesquisa de anticorpos contra tripanossomose, leptospirose, e neosporose e PCR para diagnóstico molecular de Trypanosoma vivax. A identificação de animais com baixos valores no hematócrito foi a principal alteração hematológica identificada no rebanho. Dois animais foram positivos no teste de Woo, sendo visualizados tripanossomas em esfregaços sanguíneos, confirmados por meio de diagnóstico molecular como sendo T. vivax. Identificou-se que 95,23% (40/42) dos animais com hematócrito baixo foram sorologicamente positivos para T. vivax. As condições identificadas na propriedade, como ambiente propício aos vetores mecânicos, a presença de animais silvestres e a introdução de animais de estados onde já haviam sido registrados surtos de tripanossomose provavelmente estiveram associadas à introdução e disseminação do agente no rebanho. O elevado número de animais sorologicamente positivos para tripanossomose 82,51% (151/183) demonstra que praticamente todo o rebanho teve contato com o agente. O rápido estabelecimento das medidas de controle, entre elas a utilização das drogas tripanocidas, contribuiu para o controle do surto. O estudo permitiu comprovar a ocorrência de mais um surto de tripanossomíase tripanossomose no Brasil. O diagnóstico clínico da enfermidade foi dificultado pela semelhança dos sinais clínicos com outras enfermidades e pela possibilidade da associação de duas ou mais doenças no mesmo paciente, o que ressalta a importância do estabelecimento de medidas diagnósticas adequadas como forma de evitar a disseminação da enfermidade e minimizar as perdas econômicas dos produtores.
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16
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Bezerra NM, Moura GHF, de Araújo HN, Bezerra FSB, de Paiva KAR, de Freitas Mendonça Costa KM, Costa WP, Medeiros DAS, Batista JS. Detection of Trypanosoma vivax DNA in semen from experimentally infected goats. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:131-135. [PMID: 29464589 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to investigate the presence of T. vivax DNA in the semen of experimentally infected goats. Twelve male goats native to the Brazilian Northeast, adults, were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: the infected group consisting of six goats infected intravenously with 0.5 mL of blood containing approximately 1.25 × 105 trypomastigotes of T. vivax, and a control group composed of six uninfected goats. After the infection, clinical examinations aiming to evaluate rectal temperature, parasitemia and hematocrit were performed. Semen samples were collected from goats by electroejaculation on the 7th, 14th and 21st days post-infection (dpi). The recombinant DNA-encoding gene encoding the L-like-specific gene for T. vivax. The infection was characterized by increased rectal temperature, high parasitemia and significant reduction of hematocrit values. Results for T. vivax DNA detection using TviCatL-PCR were positive in all semen samples from the infected group collected on 7th, 14th and 21st dpi. The presence of T. vivax DNA in 7th dpi suggests the early invasion of the parasite in the reproductive organs. Also, the finding of T. vivax DNA in all periods analyzed may suggest the continued elimination of the parasite in the semen, which may increase the chances of sexual transmission. Thus, T. vivax DNA is recorded for the first time in the semen of infected goats. Thus, these data are of great importance, since the detection of the T. vivax genetic material in the semen may point to the possibility that the parasite may be transmitted through the sexual pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Morais Bezerra
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Street Francisco Mota, 572, CEP 59625-900, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira Moura
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Street Francisco Mota, 572, CEP 59625-900, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Hélio Noberto de Araújo
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Street Francisco Mota, 572, CEP 59625-900, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Silvestre Brilhante Bezerra
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Street Francisco Mota, 572, CEP 59625-900, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Kaliane Alessandra Rodrigues de Paiva
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Street Francisco Mota, 572, CEP 59625-900, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Wirton Peixoto Costa
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Street Francisco Mota, 572, CEP 59625-900, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Dayse Ariane Soares Medeiros
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Street Francisco Mota, 572, CEP 59625-900, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jael Soares Batista
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural of the Semi-Arid University, Street Francisco Mota, 572, CEP 59625-900, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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17
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Campigotto G, Volpato A, Galli GM, Glombowsky P, Baldissera MD, Miletti LC, Jaguezeski AM, Stefani LM, Da Silva AS. Vertical transmission of Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected rats. Exp Parasitol 2017; 174:42-44. [PMID: 28161404 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many reproductive problems has been described in male and female animals infected by Trypanosoma evansi. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of vertical (Experiment I) and venereal (Experiment II) transmission of T. evansi in rats experimentally infected. In the experiment I, eight female Wistar rats were used: three animals as negative controls, and five rats were infected by T. evansi on day ten of gestation. Out of these eight females, half puppies were used for molecular analysis (polymerase chain reaction - PCR) for T. evansi. Two infected females showed delivery problems, such as stillbirth, and fetal death that also led to female death. Three female rats infected had normal delivery of stunted offspring at term that died 2 days after birth. Rats from the control group had normal delivery of healthy offspring. T. evansi PCR was positive for 80% (12/15) of pups in the infected group. For the experiment II, five male rats were infected by T. evansi, and monitored by blood smears to check the parasitemia level. When the male rats showed parasitemia between 2 and 5 parasites per field, they were individually housed with one female adult rat. After approximately 21 days, the females delivered their offspring. Blood sample was collected from the females for blood smears and T. evansi PCR tests, which revealed negative results. Therefore, we were able to prove the occurrence of transplacental transmission of T. evansi and its negative effect on female rats and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Campigotto
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Andréia Volpato
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Galli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Glombowsky
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lenita M Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Graduate Program of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Graduate Program of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Barbieri JDM, Blanco YAC, Bruhn FRP, Guimarães AM. SEROPREVALENCE OF Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale, and Babesia bovis IN DAIRY CATTLE. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v17i434091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract In order to determine the prevalence of IgG against Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale, and Babesia bovis in dairy cattle in southern Minas Gerais, four hundred cows from 40 dairy farms were randomly selected and distributed in 14 municipalities. Seroprevalence was determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Interviews were conducted to characterize producers and dairy production. Univariate analysis was carried out using chi-square (x2) or Fisher's exact test. The multiple model was constructed with variables associated with p ≤ 0.25 by x2 test using generalized estimating equations (GEE). True prevalence at herd level was 49.6% (31.7-67.5), 100% (92.1-100), and 100% (86.5-100) for T. vivax, A. marginale, and B. bovis, respectively. At individual level, true seroprevalence was 9.9% (6.7-13.1), 96.2% (92.1-99.6), and 93.7% (89.4-97.2), respectively, for T. vivax, A. marginale, and B. bovis. Among the factors adjusted by logistic regression GEE model, "total farm area" (p= 0.021, OR= 0.308, Ic95%= 0.114-0.836) and "fly season" (p= 0.016, OR= 2.133, Ic95%= 1.153-3.948) remained associated with seropositivity for T. vivax. As the State of Minas Gerais is considered non-endemic for T. vivax, producers and veterinarians should be informed about the risk of occurrence of bovine trypanosomiasis.
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Reproductive failures associated with Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax. Vet Parasitol 2016; 229:54-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lopes FC, de Paiva KAR, Coelho WAC, Nunes FVA, da Silva JB, de Gouveia Mendes da Escóssia Pinheiro C, de Macêdo Praça L, Silva JBA, Alves Freitas CI, Batista JS. Lactation curve and milk quality of goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. Exp Parasitol 2016; 167:17-24. [PMID: 27130703 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Trypanosoma vivax infection on the shape of the lactation curve and the milk quality of dairy goats experimentally infected with T. vivax. In total, twenty Saanen goats, aged 26-30 months and the same number of calving (two calvings), were divided into two experimental groups: an infected group, consisting of ten goats intravenously infected with 0.5 ml of blood containing approximately 1.25 × 10(5) trypomastigotes of T. vivax and ten uninfected animals as the control group. Clinical tests and hematocrit, parasitemia, and serum biochemistry evaluations were performed on all of the goats. Milk production was measured daily for 152 days by hand milking the goats and weighing the milk. Every seven days, physiochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the milk. Wood's nonlinear model was used to analyze the lactation curve parameters. The infected goats had high levels of parasitemia and hyperthermia, significantly reduced hematocrit, serum total protein, albumin, and glucose levels and increased cholesterol and urea concentrations. Wood's model indicated that the milk production of goats in the infected group declined sharply over a short period of time and produced a flattened yield curve and significant difference (P < 0.05) in the rate of increase of peak milk production, rate of decrease of milk production after the peak, day of peak milk production, and maximum peak milk production compared with that of the control group. Trypanosomiasis also affected the persistency of lactation, which was significantly reduced in goats in the infected group. In addition, the physico-chemical properties of the milk, including the fat content, defatted dry extracts (DDE) and protein content, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the goats in the infected group compared with those in the control group. The T. vivax-infected goats showed reduction in milk production, persistence of lactation, and fat levels, the defatted dry extract (DDE) content, and protein, changing the quality of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Canindé Lopes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Mota, Br 110, Km 47, Costa e Silva, 5959625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Kaliane Alessandra Rodrigues de Paiva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Mota, Br 110, Km 47, Costa e Silva, 5959625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Wesley Adson Costa Coelho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Mota, Br 110, Km 47, Costa e Silva, 5959625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Vítor Aires Nunes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Mota, Br 110, Km 47, Costa e Silva, 5959625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jardel Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Mota, Br 110, Km 47, Costa e Silva, 5959625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Layanne de Macêdo Praça
- Department of Zootecnia, Federal University of the Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Br 135 Km 03, Planalto Horizonte, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil.
| | - Jean Berg Alves Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Mota, Br 110, Km 47, Costa e Silva, 5959625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Iberê Alves Freitas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Mota, Br 110, Km 47, Costa e Silva, 5959625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jael Soares Batista
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid, Av. Francisco Mota, Br 110, Km 47, Costa e Silva, 5959625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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Experimental infection with Trypanosoma evansi in rams: presence of parasite in semen, investigation of sexual transmission, hematological, and biochemical alterations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-016-2271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fidelis Junior OL, Sampaio PH, Machado RZ, André MR, Marques LC, Cadioli FA. Evaluation of clinical signs, parasitemia, hematologic and biochemical changes in cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2016; 25:69-81. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612016013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Infections by Trypanosoma vivax cause great losses to livestock in Africa and Central and South Americas. Outbreaks due this parasite have been occurred with increasing frequency in Brazil. Knowledge of changes caused byT. vivax during the course of this disease can be of great diagnostic value. Thus, clinical signs, parasitemia, hematologic and biochemical changes of cattle experimentally infected by this hemoparasite were evaluated. Two distinct phases were verified during the infection – an acute phase where circulating parasites were seen and then a chronic phase where fluctuations in parasitemia were detected including aparasitemic periods. A constant reduction in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and packed cell volume (PVC) were observed. White blood cells (WBC) showed pronounced changes such as severe neutropenia and lymphopenia during the acute phase of the illness. Decreases in cholesterol, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increases in glucose, globulin, protein, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed. The “Lins” isolate of T. vivax showed pathogenicity for cattle, and intense parasitemia was detected in the early stages of infection. Circulating parasites were detected for about two months. The most evident laboratory abnormalities were found in WBC parameters, including thrombocytopenia.
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Fávero JF, Da Silva AS, Biazus AH, Volpato A. Trypanosoma vivax infection in goat in west of Santa Catarina state, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-015-2216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bittar JFF, Bassi PB, Moura DM, Garcia GC, Martins-Filho OA, Vasconcelos AB, Costa-Silva MF, Barbosa CP, Araújo MSS, Bittar ER. Evaluation of parameters related to libido and semen quality in Zebu bulls naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:261. [PMID: 26467756 PMCID: PMC4607149 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by Trypanosoma (Dutonella) vivax, a hemoprotozoa that can affect bovines. In South America, the sanguineous form is mechanically transmitted from one mammalian host (ruminant) to another by the bite of a blood-sucking insect or by needles contaminated with infected blood. The negative impact of the parasitosis caused by T. vivax infection on the reproductive activity of male and female ruminants is known to reduce fertility. In males, alterations such as degeneration, diffuse or interlobular inflammatory infiltrate found in ovine and bovine testicles, can affect fertility through decreased sperm quality. This study evaluated the impact of natural infection with T. vivax on Zebu bulls from the Central Station of Artificial Insemination (CSAI) with regard to libido and the negative effects caused by this protozoan on semen quality. Methods Blood samples of 44 animals were collected to evaluate the presence of the trypomastigote form of T. vivax in blood smears obtained from hematocrit and buffy coat, and antibody titer IgG anti T. vivax in indirect Immunoflorescence (IFI). Furthermore, data related to libido, ejaculate volume, spermatic concentration, and seminal vigor were recorded for these animals employing the criteria of the CSAI. Results Nine animals (20.45 %) showed T. vivax trypomastigotes and parasitemia between 0.02 and 0.07, and antibody titers from 1:80 to 1:320 in IFI. Twenty nine negative animals in parasitological tests were not reactive in IFI, and six animals presented the antibodies IgG anti T. vivax in IFI. Data on reproductive activity showed that animals infected with T. vivax have a decreased libido and an increased spermatic volume, whereas other factors related to the reproductive process such as spermatic concentration, motility and spermatic force, were unchanged in infected bulls. Conclusions The T. vivax infection in Zebu bulls from CSAI caused patent parasitemia, induced a febrile state, promoted reduction in the libido and increased the ejaculate volume. These conditions together may account to decrease the performance of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joely F F Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Programa de Mestrado acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos, Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brasil.
| | - Paula B Bassi
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Programa de Mestrado acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos, Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brasil.
| | - Dênia M Moura
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Programa de Mestrado acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos, Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brasil.
| | - Guilherme C Garcia
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Programa de Mestrado acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos, Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brasil.
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima n° 1715, 30190-002, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | - André B Vasconcelos
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Programa de Mestrado acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos, Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brasil.
| | - Matheus F Costa-Silva
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Programa de Mestrado acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos, Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brasil. .,Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima n° 1715, 30190-002, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | - Cristiano P Barbosa
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Programa de Mestrado acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos, Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brasil.
| | - Márcio S S Araújo
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Programa de Mestrado acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos, Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brasil. .,Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima n° 1715, 30190-002, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | - Eustáquio R Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Programa de Mestrado acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos, Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brasil.
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Campigotto G, Da Silva AS, Volpato A, Balzan A, Radavelli WM, Soldá NM, Grosskopf HM, Stefani LM, Bianchi AE, Monteiro SG, Tonin AA, Weiss PHE, Miletti LC, Lopes STA. Experimental infection by Trypanosoma evansi in sheep: Occurrence of transplacental transmission and mice infection by parasite present in the colostrum and milk of infected ewes. Vet Parasitol 2015. [PMID: 26223153 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate vertical transmission of Trypanosoma evansi in sheep experimentally infected, in addition to the mammary transmission by colostrum or milk of these infected sheep to mice. Three pregnant sheep were used: one uninfected, four months pregnant (Sheep A); and two (Sheep B and C) infected intravenously by T. evansi trypomastigotes (4.6×10(6) per animal) on the third (Sheep C) and fourth (Sheep B) month of pregnancy. Both infected sheep developed low and oscillating parasitemia measured by blood smears. Hemogram was performed at seven day intervals, showing anemia, leukocytosis, and lymphocytosis on sheep B and C. Three sheep had twins, where sheep A delivered healthy lambs and both infected sheep had delivered at least one stillborn. Additionally, lambs from sheep B and C died 24 and 72 h post-partum, respectively. Before colostrum intake, four lambs from infected sheep were positives for T. evansi according to blood smear evaluation, serology (CATT/T. evansi), and PCR. Sheep colostrum and milk samples collected from the first four days post-partum were positives for T. evansi on PCR, and these samples were able to infect seven mice (out of 10) orally (n=4/5) and intraperitoneally (n=3/5). Therefore, we conclude that the vertical transmission of T. evansi occurs in pregnant sheep, in addition to a strong possibility of the transmission by colostrum and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Campigotto
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Volpato
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Balzan
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Willian M Radavelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Natan M Soldá
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Hyolanda M Grosskopf
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Lenita M Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Anderson E Bianchi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz C Miletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UDESC, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Sonia T A Lopes
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Faccio L, Silva ASD, Tonin AA, Oberherr L, Gressler LT, Oliveira CB, Oliveira DT, Sangoi MB, Moresco RN, Samara YN, Veiga M, Duarte MMMF, Monteiro SG. Relationship between testicular lesion and hormone levels in male rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 86:1537-46. [PMID: 25211118 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between testicular lesions and hormone levels in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. For that, the measurement of reproductive hormones, histopathology and biomarkers of cellular injury were carried out in twenty-four animals, which were divided into two groups with 12 animals each. Group A was the negative control, or uninfected, while group B was composed by animals infected with T. evansi. Both groups were divided again into two other subgroups (n=6), from which serum and testicular fragments were collected on days 5 (A1 and B1) and 15 (A2 and B2) post-infection (PI). The morphological analysis showed increased alterations of head and tail of sperm in infected rats when compared with those of the control group. A significant reduction (P<0.01) in the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and estradiol, associated with an increase in cortisol, was observed in serum of group B when compared with negative control. Additionally, NOx, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were enhanced in testicles, indicating the occurrence of cellular lesion. On histopathology, it was possible to observe testicular degeneration, among other disorders in infected animals. Therefore, based on these results, it is possible to conclude that the experimental infection with T. evansi caused changes in the levels of the main hormones of male rats associated with cellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Faccio
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
| | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Hospital Veterinário, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Lucas T Gressler
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Camila B Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Dionatan T Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Manuela B Sangoi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Rafael N Moresco
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Yasmin N Samara
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Veiga
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Marta M M F Duarte
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Campus Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Nakayima J, Nakao R, Alhassan A, Hayashida K, Namangala B, Mahama C, Afakye K, Sugimoto C. Genetic diversity among Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax strains from Zambia and Ghana, based on cathepsin L-like gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:24. [PMID: 23815966 PMCID: PMC3718526 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2013024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary relationships of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax genotypes between West Africa and Southern Africa can provide information on the epidemiology and control of trypanosomosis. Cattle blood samples from Zambia and Ghana were screened for T. vivax infection using specie-specific PCR and sequencing analysis. Substantial polymorphism was obtained from phylogenetic analysis of sequences of cathepsin L-like catalytic domains. T. vivax from Ghana clustered together with West African and South American sequences, while T. vivax from Zambia formed one distinct clade and clustered with East African and Southern African sequences. This study suggests existence of distinct genetic diversity between T. vivax genotypes from West Africa and Zambia as per their geographical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesca Nakayima
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan - National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), P.O. Box 96 Tororo, Uganda
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Faccio L, Da Silva AS, Tonin AA, França RT, Gressler LT, Copetti MM, Oliveira CB, Sangoi MB, Moresco RN, Bottari NB, Duarte MMMF, Monteiro SG. Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone in female rats experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:110-5. [PMID: 23816642 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate reproductive hormones in sera samples of female rats experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi during different phases of the estrous cycle. For that, 64 animals were divided into two groups: 24 rats for the control group (uninfected), and 40 animals were infected by T. evansi. These groups were divided into subgroups according to the time of infection (days 5 and 15 post-infection; PI) and the phase of the estrous cycle (proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus). Serum was collected at days 5 and 15 PI and the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone and estradiol were assessed by enzyme immunoassay technique. The concentration of nitrite/nitrate (NOx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in ovaries and uteruses in these same periods. Infected females showed significant decrease (P<0.05) of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone in different periods and phases of the estrous cycle when compared to uninfected rats. In addition, it was observed an increase in the concentration of NOx, AOPP, and TBARS in the ovaries, which is indicative of cell damage. Therefore, our experimental study showed that T. evansi infection in female rats may cause changes in LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone levels regardless of the time of infection or phase of the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Faccio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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Silva TMF, Olinda RG, Rodrigues CMF, Câmara ACL, Lopes FC, Coelho WAC, Ribeiro MFB, Freitas CIA, Teixeira MMG, Batista JS. Pathogenesis of reproductive failure induced by Trypanosoma vivax in experimentally infected pregnant ewes. Vet Res 2013; 44:1. [PMID: 23289625 PMCID: PMC3598889 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of experimental infection by Trypanosoma vivax in different stages of pregnancy, determining the pathogenesis of reproductive failure, and confirming transplacental transmission. We used 12 pregnant ewes distributed into four experimental groups: G1, was formed by three ewes infected with T. vivax in the first third of pregnancy (30 days); G2 comprised three infected ewes in the final third of pregnancy (100 days); G3 and G4 were composed of three non-infected ewes with the same gestational period, respectively. Each ewe of G1 and G2 was inoculated with 1.25 × 105 tripomastigotes. Clinical examination, determination of parasitemia, serum biochemistry (albumin, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, and urea), packed cell volume (PCV), serum progesterone, and pathological examination were performed. Placenta, amniotic fluid, blood and tissues from the fetuses and stillbirths were submitted to PCR. Two ewes of G1 (Ewe 1 and 3) presented severe infection and died in the 34th and 35th days post-infection (dpi), respectively; but both fetuses were recovered during necropsy. In G2, Ewe 5 aborted two fetuses on the 130th day (30 dpi) of pregnancy; and Ewe 6 aborted one fetus in the 140th day (40 dpi) of gestation. Ewes 2 and 4 delivered two weak lambs that died five days after birth. Factors possibly involved with the reproductive failure included high parasitemia, fever, low PCV, body score, serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and progesterone. Hepatitis, pericarditis, and encephalitis were observed in the aborted fetuses. The presence of T. vivax DNA in the placenta, amniotic fluid, blood, and tissues from the fetuses confirms the transplacental transmission of the parasite. Histological lesion in the fetuses and placenta also suggest the involvement of the parasite in the etiopathogenesis of reproductive failure in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciana M F Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid (UFERSA), Av, Francisco Mota 572, Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil.
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Galiza G, Garcia H, Assis A, Oliveira D, Pimentel L, Dantas A, Simões S, Teixeira M, Riet-Correa F. High mortality and lesions of the central nervous system in Trypanosomosis by Trypanosoma vivax in Brazilian hair sheep. Vet Parasitol 2011; 182:359-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Highly debilitating natural Trypanosoma vivax infections in Brazilian calves: epidemiology, pathology, and probable transplacental transmission. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:73-80. [PMID: 21626156 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax in calves were reported for the first time in northeast Brazil. Clinical and epidemiological data, packed cell volumes (PCV), and parasitemia were assessed in 150 calves in May 2009 (rainy season-survey 1) and in 153 calves in November 2009 (dry season-survey 2) in three farms (A, B, and C). Prevalence of T. vivax in calves examined in the survey 1 was 63.3%, 65.0%, and 80.0% in farms A, B, and C, respectively. Morbidity varied from 63.3% to 80%, mortality from 15% to 30% and lethality from 23% to 37.5%. In survey 1, for all farms, high parasitemia (from 30.3 to 26.2 × 10(6) parasites/mL), fever (from 39.8 to 40.3°C), low PCV (from 15.7% to 18.1%), and body score (from 2.5 to 3.5) were detected. Calves showed depression, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, enlarged lymph nodes, edema of the dewlap, cough, coryza, and diarrhea. The animals from farms A and B were treated with diminazene aceturate. Six months after, in survey 2, non-treated calves from farm C showed values for prevalence (81.82), morbidity (81.82), mortality (12.73), and lethality (15.55) similar to those in survey 1 (P > 0.05). Also in survey 2, four calves aging merely 1-3 days old presented high parasitemia levels (from 32 × 10(6) to 74 × 10(6) parasites/mL), suggesting transplacental transmission. In conclusion, trypanosomiasis by T. vivax constitutes high prevalent disease for calves raised in Brazilian semiarid and may have transplacental transmission.
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Batista JS, Rodrigues CMF, García HA, Bezerra FSB, Olinda RG, Teixeira MMG, Soto-Blanco B. Association of Trypanosoma vivax in extracellular sites with central nervous system lesions and changes in cerebrospinal fluid in experimentally infected goats. Vet Res 2011; 42:63. [PMID: 21569364 PMCID: PMC3105954 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and anatomical and histopathological central nervous system (CNS) lesions were evaluated, and the presence of Trypanosoma vivax in CNS tissues was investigated through PCR. Twelve adult male goats were divided into three groups (G): G1, infected with T. vivax and evaluated during the acute phase; G2, infected goats evaluated during the chronic phase; and G3, consisting of non-infected goats. Each goat from G1 and G2 was infected with 1.25 × 105 trypomastigotes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and investigation of T. vivax was performed at the 15th day post-infection (dpi) in G1 goats and on the fifth day after the manifestation of nervous system infection signs in G2 goats. All goats were necropsied, and CNS fragments from G1 and G2 goats were evaluated by PCR for the determination of T. vivax. Hyperthermia, anemia and parasitemia were observed from the fifth dpi for G1 and G2, with the highest parasitemia peak between the seventh and 21st dpi. Nervous system infection signs were observed in three G2 goats between the 30th and 35th dpi. CSF analysis revealed the presence of T. vivax for G2. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis were diagnosed in G2. PCR were positive for T. vivax in all the samples tested. In conclusion, T. vivax may reach the nervous tissue resulting in immune response from the host, which is the cause of progressive clinical and pathological manifestations of the CNS in experimentally infected goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jael S Batista
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido (UFERSA), BR 110 - Km 47, CEP: 59625-900, Mossoró-RN, Brazil.
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de Araujo Melo S, Barros ACE, Costa FB, de Carvalho Neta AV, de Candanedo Guerra RDMN, Abreu-Silva AL. Bovine trypanosomiasis an emerging disease in Maranhão State-Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:853-6. [PMID: 21254930 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In South American countries, bovine trypanosomiasis is caused mainly by Trypanosoma vivax. Among the infected animals, bovines are considered more susceptible, and this susceptibility varies among breeds. To determine the occurrence of T. vivax in Maranhão State, Brazil, a total of 559 cattle blood samples were collected for molecular and parasitological studies. On São Luís Island, no parasites were observed in the parasitological exam; however, with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, three samples (1.06%) were positive. In four municipalities that compose the Pedreiras Basin, 3.39% of the animals were positive on the parasitological exam, and 6.21% of animals were positive by PCR. This finding demonstrates that PCR is more sensitive and confirms that the method is very useful in epidemiological surveys. A further interesting point is that molecular studies clearly define the differences in surface glycoproteins and antigenic variants.
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Cuglovici D, Bartholomeu D, Reis-Cunha J, Carvalho A, Ribeiro M. Epidemiologic aspects of an outbreak of Trypanosoma vivax in a dairy cattle herd in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2010; 169:320-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Galiza GJ, Silva ML, Dantas AF, Simões SV, Riet-Correa F. Doenças do sistema nervoso de bovinos no semiárido nordestino. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Para determinar as doenças que ocorrem no sistema nervoso de bovinos no semiárido nordestino, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo em 411 necropsias de bovinos realizadas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, entre janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2008. Dos 411 casos analisados 139 (33,81%) apresentaram alterações clínicas do sistema nervoso e as fichas foram revisadas para determinar os principais achados referentes à epidemiologia, aos sinais clínicos e às alterações macroscópicas e microscópicas. Em 28 (20,14%) casos o diagnóstico foi inconclusivo. As principais enfermidades foram raiva (48,7% dos casos com sinais nervosos), abscessos cerebrais (7,2%) incluindo três casos de abscesso da pituitária, febre catarral maligna (6,3%), botulismo (6,3%), alterações congênitas (4,5%), traumatismo (4,5%), tuberculose (2,7%), tétano (2,7%), infecção por herpesvírus bovino-5 (2,7%), encefalomielite não supurativa (2,7%), intoxicação por Prosopis juliflora (2,7%), status spongiosus congênito de causa desconhecida (1,8%) e polioencefalomalacia (1,8%). Outras doenças diagnosticadas numa única oportunidade (0,9%) foram criptococose, listeriose, encefalite tromboembólica, linfossarcoma, tripanossomíase e babesiose por Babesia bovis.
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Batista JS, Oliveira AF, Rodrigues CMF, Damasceno CAR, Oliveira IRS, Alves HM, Paiva ES, Brito PD, Medeiros JMF, Rodrigues AC, Teixeira MMG. Infection by Trypanosoma vivax in goats and sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region: from acute disease outbreak to chronic cryptic infection. Vet Parasitol 2009; 165:131-5. [PMID: 19665308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to investigate the role of Trypanosoma vivax in sheep and goat mortality and abortions in the Brazilian semiarid region, where outbreaks had been previously reported in bovines. For this purpose, 177 goats and 248 sheep (20% of herds) were randomly sampled on four farms in the State of Paraiba in May and October 2008. The animals were screened for trypanosomes by the buffy coat technique (BCT) and PCR. Infected animals, approximately 25% in both surveys, manifested apathy, pale mucous membranes, enlarged lymph nodes, weakness, weight loss, opacity of the cornea, blindness and abortion. However, the animals with acute and severe disease showing the highest levels of parasitemia and fever, which many times resulted in death, were only detected in the first survey. These severely diseased animals exhibited progressive weight loss and had the smallest packed cell volume (PCV) values. During survey 2, done in October 2008 on the same farms, only animals with low parasitemia and normal temperatures, PCV values and body weights were detected. Therefore, animals that spontaneously recovered from acute infection developed chronic and asymptomatic disease. This finding demonstrated for the first time that sheep and goats, which are the most important livestock in the semiarid region of Brazil, may be severely injured by T. vivax infection and also play a role as asymptomatic carriers and important sources of T. vivax to ruminants in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Batista
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Avenida Francisco Mota, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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Bezerra FSB, Garcia HA, Alves HM, Oliveira IR, Silva AE, Teixeira MM, Batista JS. Trypanosoma vivax nos tecidos testicular e epididimário de ovinos experimentalmente infectados. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2008001200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quatro ovinos machos, com cerca de 12 meses de idade (Ovinos 1-4), foram infectados por via intravenosa com aproximadamente 1,25x10(5) tripomastigotas de Trypanosoma vivax, outros quatro ovinos (Ovinos 5-8) destinaram-se ao grupo controle. Após a infecção, exames clínicos visando avaliar temperatura retal, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória e parasitemia foram realizados diariamente por 30 dias, tempo estabelecido para o término do experimento. A avaliação do hematócrito foi realizada a cada cinco dias. Ao final do período experimental, os animais foram castrados e os testículos e epidídimos submetidos ao exame anatomopatológico. Amostras destes órgãos dos Ovinos 1, 4 e 5 foram tomadas para a realização da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os parâmetros clínicos (hipertermia, aumento das freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, aumento de volume dos linfonodos e palidez das mucosas) mantiveram-se para o grupo infectado acima dos valores mostrados pelo grupo controle durante todo o período experimental. A parasitemia foi observada a partir do 3º dia pós-infecção (dpi) com picos nos 6-10os dpi e nos 15-18os dpi. Os Ovinos 1 e 4 apresentaram, a partir do 25º dpi, anemia acentuada. Macroscopicamente, todos os testículos dos animais do grupo infectado apresentaram-se flácidos e com coloração pálida. Microscopicamente, observaram-se degeneração testicular moderada a acentuada, epididimite multifocal e hiperplasia do epitélio epididimário. A análise por PCR de T. vivax nos tecidos testicular e epididimário resultou em 100% de positividade para ovinos infectados experimentalmente. As lesões epididimárias e testiculares associadas à presença do parasita nesses órgãos, detectada por PCR, sugerem a participação do parasita no mecanismo etiopatogênico de danos reprodutivos.
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