1
|
Monteiro ADC, de Souza ACF, da Silva DP, Souza GC, Costa ILA, Monteiro JLL, Chambarelli MCMDC, Bittencourt AJ. Evaluation of the effect of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88) on Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae (Diptera: Muscidae) in sugarcane bagasse ash. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2023; 45:e002123. [PMID: 37859866 PMCID: PMC10583599 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the EPN Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 on Stmoxys. calcitrans larvae in sugarcane bagasse ash. Groups of 10 stable fly larvae were placed in Petri dishes containing filter paper and bagasse ash. Concentrations of 50, 150 and 250 EPNs/larva of S. calcitrans in four milliliters of distilled water were added to each plate. In the control group contained only distilled water, without EPNs. The bioassay had three replications and was maintained at 27 ± 1°C and 70-80% relative humidity. It was observed that mortality rate in all treated groups was significantly higher than in the control group (26,6%). The mortality rate in the presence of 50 EPNs/larva (46,6%) was lower than in 150 EPNs/larva (76,3%), which in turn was lower than 250 EPNs/larva group (93,3%). It was verified by analysis of variance and regression that there was a linear pattern of mortality, that is, the higher the EPNs/larva concentration, the higher the larval mortality. It was concluded that EPN H. bacteriophora HP88 was capable of infecting and causing mortality of stable fly larvae in sugarcane bagasse ash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Américo de Castro Monteiro
- Veterinarian, MSc. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Departamento de Parasitologia Animal (DPA). Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Seropédica, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ana Caroline Ferreira de Souza
- Veterinarian, MSc. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Departamento de Parasitologia Animal (DPA). Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Seropédica, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Pereira da Silva
- Veterinarian, MSc. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Departamento de Parasitologia Animal (DPA). Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Seropédica, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | - João Luiz Lopes Monteiro
- Agronomist, DSc. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (POSAGRO), Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola (DEA). Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR). Cauamé, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil.
| | | | - Avelino José Bittencourt
- Veterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária (DMCV), IV, UFRRJ. Seropédica, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barros ATMD, Soares FG, Barros TND, Cançado PHD. Stable fly outbreaks in Brazil: a 50-year (1971-2020) retrospective. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e015922. [PMID: 37018839 PMCID: PMC10079268 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) outbreaks associated with agricultural and/or livestock production systems have become a serious problem in some Brazilian locations. This article presents a survey on the history, evolution and mapping of such outbreaks in Brazil over five decades (1971-2020). Outbreaks (n= 579) were recorded in 285 municipalities from 14 states, mainly associated with by-products from the ethanol industry (82.7%), in natura organic fertilizers (12.6%) and integrated crop-livestock systems (3.1%). Few cases were reported until the mid-2000s, progressively increasing since then. Outbreaks associated with ethanol mills occurred in 224 municipalities, mainly in Southeast and Midwest states, while those associated with organic fertilizers (mainly poultry litter and coffee mulch) affected 39 municipalities, mostly in the Northeast and Southeast states. More recently, outbreaks in integrated crop-livestock systems during the rainy season have occurred in Midwest states. This survey highlights the magnitude of the problem of stable fly outbreaks in Brazil and its relationship with environmental public policies, agricultural production chains and regional trends. Specific public actions and policies are urgently needed to prevent their occurrence and impact in the affected regions.
Collapse
|
3
|
Monteiro Sobrinho ADC, Leal LCDSR, Monteiro Neto JLL, Chambarelli MCMDC, Bittencourt AJ. Evaluation in vitro of the virulence of two entomopathogenic heterorhabditid nematodes in the control of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae in byproducts of the sugar and alcohol industry. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e016022. [PMID: 37132736 PMCID: PMC10153492 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stomoxys calcitrans causes losses to livestock, mainly to cattle. This study aimed to determine the pathogenic potential of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 and H. baujardi LPP7 against S. calcitrans larvae after being exposed to byproducts of the sugar and alcohol industry. The efficacy of EPNs on stable fly larvae was evaluated in bioassays with vinasse at three temperatures (16, 25 and 35 °C) and concentrations (0, 50 and 100%), as well as in relation to larva age (4, 6 and 8 days) in filter cake and EPNs concentration (100, 300 and 500 IJs/larva) in sugarcane bagasse. H. bacteriophora showed higher efficacy than H. baujardi at all temperatures. Vinasse did not have a negative effect on the virulence of H. bacteriophora. The age of fly larvae did not affect the mortality rates caused by the EPNs. In bagasse, H. bacteriophora presented higher mortality rates than the control group. It is concluded that EPNs can be a potential component in integrated strategies of stable fly control and outbreak prevention in areas of sugar and alcohol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Avelino José Bittencourt
- Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azevedo LH, Borges V, Filho WM, de Campos Castilho R, de Moraes GJ. Semi-field evaluation of the predation of Macrocheles embersoni and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) on the house fly and the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1029-1034. [PMID: 34783158 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The house fly, Musca domestica L., and the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are important and harmful organisms. The cosmopolitan house fly is not parasitic, but the adults are annoying and a known vector of several pathogens. The importance of the stable fly has increased in Brazil in the last 40 years, after major changes in sugarcane cultivation practices were implemented, including the widespread application of vinasse (byproduct in sugarcane mills) and the parallel reduction of sugarcane preharvest burning. These changes have favored the development of this fly, which can reach high populations, that can negatively affect cattle and other animals. The control of these flies relies heavily on the use of chemical products, which very often do not provide adequate population reduction. Predatory mites of the family Macrochelidae have been evaluated under laboratory conditions for the biological control of these organisms, especially of the house fly. The objective of this study was to examine the predation capacity of the macrochelids Macrocheles embersoni Azevedo, Castilho & Berto and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) on the house fly and the stable fly, under semi-field conditions (screen-houses). RESULTS Reductions of 83 to 90% of the house fly and 66 to 73% of the stable fly populations were observed, with the release of 100 of these predators per square meter. CONCLUSIONS The number of adults of both fly species was much lower in the units where the predators had been released than in the others. However it is suggested that provisioning and or conserving alternative food sources for these macrochelids, such as free-living nematodes, could further improve biocontrol efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Henrique Azevedo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Borges
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Walter Mesquita Filho
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Campos Castilho
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gilberto José de Moraes
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rezende Araújo T, Leite Mota Júnior MA, Sampaio Vilela T, Bittecourt AJ, Azevedo Santos H, Fampa P. First report of the presence of Anaplasma marginale in different tissues of the stable-fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 23:100515. [PMID: 33678370 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stomoxys calcitrans is a cosmopolitan hematophagous insect with significant veterinary importance. Besides causing great stress with its bites, the fly is a mechanical vector of several pathogens of the most diverse phylogenetic groups to their hosts. The objective of this study was to test for the presence of Anaplasma marginale in stable flies collected at three points inside the campus of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The collected flies were dissected and separated into three parts - heads, carcass and guts - which were individually submitted to A. marginale specific semi nested PCR gene amplification. A total 150 samples of 50 flies were assayed and 11.33% were positive with predominant presence in guts. In parallel, 6 F1 colony S. calcitrans flies fed with bovine blood were also investigated, being all positive for the presence of the bacteria. This is the first report of the presence of A. marginale in S. calcitrans at Rio de Janeiro state, actually in Brazil, indicating that the epidemiological importance of this vector in the transmission of diseases with great economic impact must not be ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Rezende Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angelo Leite Mota Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thamyris Sampaio Vilela
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Avelino José Bittecourt
- Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Fampa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dillmann JB, Cossetin LF, de Giacometi M, Oliveira D, de Matos AFIM, Avrella PD, Garlet QI, Heinzmann BM, Monteiro SG. Adulticidal Activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) Essential Oil With High 1,8-Cineole Content Against Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1810-1815. [PMID: 32516369 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus 1758), is a hematophagous fly responsible for causing loss of performance in horses, causing losses in cattle productivity, and impacting the animals' health through the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of this work was to investigate the insecticidal activity of essential oil obtained from Melaleuca alternifolia (Cheel), presenting high 1,8-cineole content, against S. calcitrans adults. Insecticidal activity was determined using surface application methods and exposure to oil impregnated paper. It was observed that treatments at 25 and 50 μg/cm2 (P < 0.05) present fumigant activity through exposure to the impregnated paper, and in the first 15 min of exposure, the mortality rates obtained for these treatments were, respectively (96.6 ± 3.3% and 100%), equivalent to the positive control. Using the superficial application method, the only treatment concentration presenting adulticidal action was 5% (w/v) (P < 0.05). Respective toxicities LC50 (%, w/v) and LC80 for the impregnated paper method were 1.06 ± 0.02 and 1.47 ± 0.17; for the superficial application method, they were 3.82 ± 0.65 and 5.53 ± 0.74. As demonstrated, M. alternifolia essential oil presents adulticidal potential against S. calcitrans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Brand Dillmann
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marjorie de Giacometi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Dionatan Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Pamela Daniele Avrella
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Quelen Iane Garlet
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cook DF, Deyl RA, Lindsey JB, D'Antuono MF, Telfer DV, McPharlin IR. Burial and Compaction of Sandy Soils to Prevent Emergence of Adult Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) at the Soil Surface. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1315-1322. [PMID: 32052835 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) remain a significant pest affecting livestock and rural communities on the Swan Coastal Plain around Perth, Western Australia. Vegetable crop residues remaining after harvest enable stable fly development. Left untreated they can produce from several hundred to >1,000 stable fly/m2 of post-harvest residues. We studied the effect of burial and compaction of sandy soils on adult emergence of stable fly and house fly (Musca domestica L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Adults of both fly species can move up through 50 cm of loose, dry sand, however at depths greater than 60 cm, emergence rapidly declines with <5% of adults surviving under 100 cm of soil. Burial of stable fly larvae and pupae under 15 cm of soil followed by compaction using a static weight dramatically reduced adult emergence. Moist soil compacted at ≥3 t/m2 completely prevented stable fly emergence whereas house fly emergence was not affected. One t/m2 of compaction resulted in <5% emergence of stable fly buried as pupae. Soil that was easily compactible (i.e., high silt, fine sand and clay content) reduced stable fly emergence more than soil with more coarse sand and low clay content. This study demonstrates the potential for a novel and chemical-free option for controlling stable fly development from vegetable crop post-harvest residue. Field trials are needed to confirm that burial and compaction of vegetable post-harvest residues using agricultural machinery can dramatically reduce the subsequent emergence of adult stable fly on a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Francis Cook
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert A Deyl
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremy B Lindsey
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mario F D'Antuono
- Retired and Formerly Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Donald V Telfer
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ian R McPharlin
- Retired and Formerly Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Melo LRB, Medeiros MA, Beserra LAF, Barros ATM, Riet-Correa F, Azevedo SS, Vilela VLR. Development and number of generations of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) in bovine fecal masses in the semiarid region of Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2020; 20:100411. [PMID: 32448539 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The horn fly (Haematobia irritans) is particularly unique among the parasites that primarily affect Brazilian cattle farming. Appropriate control strategies fundamentally depend on epidemiological knowledge, which is particularly scarce in Northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to elucidate the ecology of the immature horn fly in the semiarid region of Brazil. Bovine fecal masses were collected and covered with emergence traps to collect the horn fly for sexing and counting. Weather records of the region were concurrently acquired. A total of 11,390H. irritans were collected from 601 fecal masses, with a sex ratio of 0.9:1 (male: female). Horn fly emergence was observed in 78% (15%-100%) of the fecal masses, varying from 1 to 185 (mean = 23.3) flies/fecal mass, predominantly at the beginning of the rainy season. The minimum period for egg-to-adult development of H. irritans varied from 7 to 11 days, indicating the occurrence of 30 generations per year in the region. Rapid development of the immature horn fly in the semiarid region, throughout the year may results in a high number of generations and infestations in cattle herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lídio Ricardo Bezerra Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária s/n. Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Márcia Alves Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária s/n. Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alencar Fernandes Beserra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária s/n. Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária s/n. Patos, Paraíba, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Ruta 5 km 386, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Sérgio Santos Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária s/n. Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária s/n. Patos, Paraíba, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves s/n. Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barros ATMD, Rodrigues VD, Cançado PHD, Domingues LN. Resistance of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), to cypermethrin in outbreak areas in Midwestern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2019; 28:802-806. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Population explosions of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) have become a serious concern for livestock producers near sugarcane mills in some regions of Brazil due to the insect’s massive reproduction on sugarcane byproducts and waste. Despite the limited efficiency of insecticides for controlling stable fly outbreaks, producers still rely on chemical control to mitigate the alarming infestations in affected areas. This study evaluated the susceptibility of S. calcitrans populations to cypermethrin in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Stable flies were tested from three field populations and two colonies, established from flies previously collected at sugarcane mills. Wild flies were collected with Nzi traps in areas of sugarcane plantations. Both wild and colonized flies were exposed to eleven concentrations of cypermethrin in impregnated filter paper bioassays. All the populations proved to be resistant to cypermethrin, with resistance factors among field populations ranging from 6.8 to 38.6. The intensive use of insecticides has led to the development of pyrethroid resistance in stable fly populations in the proximities of sugarcane mills in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dominghetti TFDS, de Barros ATM, Soares CO, Cançado PHD. Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) outbreaks: current situation and future outlook with emphasis on Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 24:387-95. [PMID: 26689177 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612015079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) has historically been a pest of dairy cattle and feedlots due to the availability of decaying plant matter mixed with animal excrements in such production systems. In the last few decades, stable fly outbreaks have also been reported in pasture-raised beef cattle, usually associated with wastes accumulated from animal feeding during winter, the introduction of large-scale crop operations near cattle ranches, and/or the inadvertent use of organic fertilizers. Population explosions of Stomoxys flies may also have natural causes, affecting not only domestic and/or wild animals but also humans. This article compiles information on stable fly outbreaks in Brazil and abroad and discusses their causes and consequences.
Collapse
|
11
|
Jelvez Serra NS, Goulart HF, Triana MF, Dos Santos Tavares S, Almeida CIM, DA Costa JG, Santana AEG, Zhu JJ. Identification of stable fly attractant compounds in vinasse, a byproduct of sugarcane-ethanol distillation. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 31:381-391. [PMID: 28833391 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), is a worldwide pest of livestock. Recent outbreaks of stable flies in sugarcane fields in Brazil have become a serious problem for livestock producers. Larvae and pupae found inside sugarcane stems after harvesting may indicate that stable flies use these stems as potential oviposition or larval development sites. Field observations suggest that outbreaks of stable flies are associated with the vinasse and filter cake derived from biomass distillation in sugarcane ethanol production that are used as fertilizers in sugarcane fields. Adult stable flies are attracted to vinasse, which appears to present an ideal larval development site. The primary goal of the present study is to demonstrate the role of vinasse in influencing the sensory physiological and behavioural responses of stable flies, and to identify its associated volatile attractant compounds. Both laboratory and field studies showed that vinasse is extremely attractive to adult stable flies. Chemical analyses of volatiles collected revealed a wide range of carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols and aldehydes as potential attractant compounds. These newly identified attractants could be used to develop a tool for the attractant-baited mass trapping of stable flies in order to reduce infestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Jelvez Serra
- Biology Department, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Instituto de Quimica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - H F Goulart
- Centro de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio-Largo, Brazil
| | - M F Triana
- Instituto de Quimica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - S Dos Santos Tavares
- Instituto de Quimica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - C I M Almeida
- Instituto de Quimica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - J G DA Costa
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Tabuleiros Costeiros, Rio Largo, Brazil
| | - A E G Santana
- Instituto de Quimica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - J J Zhu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Agrosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|