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Miyabe FM, Dall Agnol AM, Leme RA, Oliveira TES, Headley SA, Fernandes T, de Oliveira AG, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Porcine rotavirus B as primary causative agent of diarrhea outbreaks in newborn piglets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22002. [PMID: 33319798 PMCID: PMC7738533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is considered a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young animals. RV is classified into nine species, five of which have been identified in pigs. Most studies worldwide have highlighted diarrhoea outbreaks caused by RVA, which is considered the most important RV species. In the present study, we described the detection and characterization of porcine RVB as a primary causative agent of diarrhoea outbreaks in pig herds in Brazil. The study showed a high frequency (64/90; 71.1%) of RVB diagnosis in newborn piglets associated with marked histopathological lesions in the small intestines. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene of wild-type RVB strains revealed a high diversity of G genotypes circulating in one geographic region of Brazil. Our findings suggest that RVB may be considered an important primary enteric pathogen in piglets and should be included in the routine differential diagnosis of enteric diseases in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Megumi Miyabe
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel Arruda Leme
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Admilton Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil. .,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Longitudinal study of rotavirus C VP6 genotype I6 in diarrheic piglets up to 1 week old. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1345-1351. [PMID: 31997262 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The reports of rotavirus C (RVC) involvement in diarrhea outbreaks in newborn piglets have been increasing in recent years. This longitudinal study, conducted over a 37-day period, aimed to evaluate the frequency of RVC infection in piglets aged up to 7 days obtained from a pig herd with a previous diagnosis of RVC infection in this age group. Piglets from 50 different litters were monitored daily for the occurrence of diarrhea, and all litters were classified into the following categories: sow parity order (PO) 1 to 5; litter size (LS) ≤ 10 piglets and > 10 piglets; and piglet birth weight (BW) 1.2 to 1.3 kg and > 1.3 to 1.4 kg. Two hundred six diarrheic fecal samples were collected and classified according to the fecal consistency score (pasty, semiliquid, liquid). Ten fecal samples were collected from asymptomatic piglets (control group). Fecal samples were screened for rotavirus (RV) by silver stained-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE), and samples with inconclusive and negative-ss-PAGE results were submitted to RVC VP6 gene amplification by RT-PCR. RVC was identified in 71 (34.5%) samples, in 1 (10%) sample of the control group, and in piglets from 33 (66%) litters. The electrophoretic profile of RV species A was identified in only two samples. Of the 72 RVC-positive samples, 51 (70.8%) presented semiliquid or liquid consistency. There was no significant difference in either group regarding the production parameters (PO, LS, BW) evaluated. An analysis of the whole VP6 gene of three RVC field strains collected on the first, fifteenth, and last day of the experiment enabled us to identify genotype I6. This report describes the first longitudinal study examining epidemiological aspects of RVC infection in newborn piglets.
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Sarkar S, Esona MD, Gautam R, Castro CJ, Ng TFF, Haque W, Khan SU, Hossain ME, Rahman MZ, Gurley ES, Kennedy ED, Bowen MD, Parashar UD, Rahman M. Outbreak of diarrhoea in piglets caused by novel rotavirus genotype G4P[49] in north-western district of Bangladesh, February 2014. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:442-449. [PMID: 31469933 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) associated diarrhoea in piglets represents one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in pig farms worldwide. A diarrhoea outbreak occurred among nomadic piglets in north-western district of Bangladesh in February 2014. Outbreak investigation was performed to identify the cause, epidemiologic and clinical features of the outbreak. Rectal swabs and clinical information were collected from diarrhoeic piglets (n = 36). Rectal swabs were tested for RVA RNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) using NSP3-specific primers. The G (VP7) and P (VP4) genes were typed by conventional RT-PCR and sanger sequencing and full genome sequences were determined using next-generation sequencing. We found the attack rate was 61% (50/82) among piglets in the nomadic pig herd, and the case fatality rate was 20% (10/50) among piglets with diarrhoea. All study piglets cases had watery diarrhoea, lack of appetite or reluctance to move. A novel RVA strain with a new P[49] genotype combined with G4 was identified among all piglets with diarrhoea. The genome constellation of the novel RVA strains was determined to be G4-P[49]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1. Genetic analysis shows that the novel G4P[49] strain is similar to Indian and Chinese porcine or porcine-like G4 human strains and is genetically distant from Bangladeshi human G4 strains. Identification of this novel RVA strain warrants further exploration for disease severity and zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Sarkar
- Programme for Emerging Infections, Infectious Disease Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Terry Fei Fan Ng
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Warda Haque
- Programme for Emerging Infections, Infectious Disease Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salah Uddin Khan
- Programme for Emerging Infections, Infectious Disease Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- Programme for Emerging Infections, Infectious Disease Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S Gurley
- Programme for Emerging Infections, Infectious Disease Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Erin D Kennedy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Bowen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- Programme for Emerging Infections, Infectious Disease Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Valkó A, Marosi A, Cságola A, Farkas R, Rónai Z, Dán Á. Frequency of diarrhoea-associated viruses in swine of various ages in Hungary. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:140-150. [PMID: 30922088 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enteric viral diseases of swine are one of the most frequent disorders causing huge economic losses in pork production. After the reappearance of an emerging enteropathogen, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in Hungary in 2016, an extensive survey was initiated in an attempt to identify diarrhoea-related porcine viruses, including adeno-, astro-, boca-, calici-, circo-, corona-, kobu-, rota- and Torque teno viruses. A total of 384 faecal samples collected during a twoyear period from diarrhoeic and asymptomatic pigs of various ages in 17 farms were screened by conventional and real-time PCR methods. Half of the samples contained at least one examined virus with the dominance of kobuvirus (55.1%) followed by bocaviruses (33.2%) and rotavirus groups A and C together (20.9%), while coronaviruses including PEDV were not found in this set of samples. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the frequency of single infections compared to mixed ones with the exception of weaned pigs, in which group additionally most viruses were detected. The results of this study suggest that the complexity of this disease may vary with age, which makes the prevention of diarrhoea a challenge, especially in weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valkó
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungária krt. 23–25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Marosi
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungária krt. 23–25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Rózsa Farkas
- 3 National Food Chain Safety Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Rónai
- 3 National Food Chain Safety Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dán
- 3 National Food Chain Safety Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
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Leme RA, Silva DR, Lorenzetti E, Moraes DA, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Longitudinal survey of Teschovirus A, Sapelovirus A, and Enterovirus G fecal excretion in suckling and weaned pigs. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:321-327. [PMID: 30637635 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal samples from 27 pigs were longitudinally analyzed for Teschovirus A (TV-A), Sapelovirus A (SV-A), and Enterovirus G (EV-G) RNA presence. Suckling piglet fecal samples were negative for the three enteric picornaviruses. However, these picornaviruses were detected in 22/27 weaned pig fecal samples. This study provides new data on TV-A, SV-A, and EV-G infection dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Leme
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Alice F Alfieri
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil. .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Almeida PR, Lorenzetti E, Cruz RS, Watanabe TT, Zlotowski P, Alfieri AA, Driemeier D. Diarrhea caused by rotavirus A, B, and C in suckling piglets from southern Brazil: molecular detection and histologic and immunohistochemical characterization. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:370-376. [PMID: 29455625 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718756050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is an important viral pathogen causing diarrhea in piglets and other mammals worldwide. We describe 34 cases from 4 diarrheal outbreaks caused by RV in unvaccinated farrowing units in southern Brazil from 2011 to 2013. We performed autopsy, histologic examinations, bacterial culture, RV immunohistochemistry (IHC), and enteric virus detection through molecular assays for rotavirus A, B, and C, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, sapovirus, norovirus, and kobuvirus. Histologically, villus atrophy (29 of 34) and epithelial vacuolation (27 of 34) occurred in all 4 outbreaks. Cell debris in the lamina propria occurred in 20 cases, mostly from outbreaks A (8 of 11), C (4 of 6), and D (7 of 11). IHC was positive for RV in 21 of 34 samples. RT-PCR was positive for RV in 20 of 30 samples; RV-C was the most frequently detected RV ( n = 17). Kobuvirus was detected in 11 samples, and, in 3 of them, there was single detection of this enteric virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Almeida
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Almeida, Cruz, Watanabe, Zlotowski, Driemeier).,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Lorenzetti, Alfieri)
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Almeida, Cruz, Watanabe, Zlotowski, Driemeier).,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Lorenzetti, Alfieri)
| | - Raquel S Cruz
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Almeida, Cruz, Watanabe, Zlotowski, Driemeier).,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Lorenzetti, Alfieri)
| | - Tatiane T Watanabe
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Almeida, Cruz, Watanabe, Zlotowski, Driemeier).,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Lorenzetti, Alfieri)
| | - Priscila Zlotowski
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Almeida, Cruz, Watanabe, Zlotowski, Driemeier).,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Lorenzetti, Alfieri)
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Almeida, Cruz, Watanabe, Zlotowski, Driemeier).,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Lorenzetti, Alfieri)
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Almeida, Cruz, Watanabe, Zlotowski, Driemeier).,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Lorenzetti, Alfieri)
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Molinari BLD, Possatti F, Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Unusual outbreak of post-weaning porcine diarrhea caused by single and mixed infections of rotavirus groups A, B, C, and H. Vet Microbiol 2016; 193:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Silva FDF, Espinoza LRL, Tonietti PO, Barbosa BRP, Gregori F. Whole-genomic analysis of 12 porcine group A rotaviruses isolated from symptomatic piglets in Brazil during the years of 2012-2013. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 32:239-54. [PMID: 25796358 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are leading causes of viral diarrhea in children and in the young of many animal species, particularly swine. In the current study, porcine RVAs were found in fecal specimens from symptomatic piglets on 4 farms in Brazil during the years of 2012-2013. Using RT-PCR, Sanger nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses, the whole genomes of 12 Brazilian porcine RVA strains were analyzed. Specifically, the full-length open reading frame (ORF) sequences were determined for the NSP2-, NSP3-, and VP6-coding genes, and partial ORF sequences were determined for the VP1-, VP2-, VP3-, VP4-, VP7-, NSP1-, NSP4-, and NSP5/6-coding genes. The results indicate that all 12 strains had an overall porcine-RVA-like backbone with most segments being designated as genotype 1, with the exception of the VP6- and NSP1-coding genes, which were genotypes I5 and A8, respectively. These results add to our growing understanding of porcine RVA genetic diversity and will provide a platform for monitoring the role of animals as genetic reservoirs of emerging human RVAs strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda D F Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis R L Espinoza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paloma O Tonietti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna R P Barbosa
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Gregori
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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