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Motta RG, Motta LSAM, Bertolini AB, Prado AM, Thyssen PJ, Hernandes RT, Orsi H, Rall VLM, Gouvea FLR, Guerra ST, Guimarães FF, Joaquim SF, Pantoja JC, Langoni H, Ribeiro MG. Identification of Escherichia coli isolated from flies (Insecta: Diptera) that inhabit the environment of dairy farms harboring extraintestinal virulence markers. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad301. [PMID: 38086616 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigate extraintestinal pathogenic genes (ExPEC) related to virulence of Escherichia coli in flies from the dairy environment. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected 217 flies from nine dairy farms, which were submitted to microbiological culture. Fifty-one E. coli were identified using mass spectrometry. Eleven dipteran families were identified, with a predominance of Muscidae, and a minor frequency of Tachinidae, Drosophilidae, Sphaeroceridae, Ulidiidae, Syrphidae, Chloropidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Piophilidae. A panel of 16 virulence-encoding genes related to ExPEC infections were investigated, which revealed predominance of serum resistance (traT, 31/51 = 60.8%; ompT, 29/51 = 56.9%), iron uptake (irp2, 17/51 = 33.3%, iucD 11/51 = 21.6%), and adhesins (papC, 6/51 = 11.8%; papA, 5/51 = 9.8%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal Dipterans from milking environment carrying ExPEC virulence-encoding genes also identified in clinical bovine E. coli-induced infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Motta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Maringa, Umuarama, PR, 87507-190, Brazil
| | - Lorrayne S A M Motta
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Amanda B Bertolini
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Aline M Prado
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Patricia J Thyssen
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Henrique Orsi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Vera L M Rall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Fábio L R Gouvea
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Simony T Guerra
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Sâmea F Joaquim
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - José C Pantoja
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
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ElHadedy DE, Kim C, Yousuf AB, Wang Z, Ndegwa EN. Understanding Age-Related Longitudinal Dynamics in Abundance and Diversity of Dominant Culturable Gut Lactic Acid Bacteria in Pastured Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2669. [PMID: 37627460 PMCID: PMC10451344 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding gut lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in healthy hosts is an important first step in selecting potential probiotic species. To understand the dynamics of LAB in healthy goats, a cohort of thirty-seven healthy new-born goat kids was studied over a ten-month period. Total LAB was quantified using SYBR green qPCR. Seven hundred LAB isolates were characterized using microscopy, M13 RAPD genotyping and 16S rDNA sequencing. The highest and lowest LAB counts were detected at one week and ten months of age, respectively. Diverse LAB species were detected, whose identity and prevalence varied with age. The main isolates belonged to Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Limosilactibacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus johnsonni, Ligilactobacillus murinus, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, Limosilactobacillus mucosae, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Ligilactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus/amyolovolus, Pediococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. Uniquely, L. reuteri and Pediococcus spp. were most common in pre- and peri-weaned goats, while Lactobacillus mucosae and Enterococcus spp. were predominant in goats one month and older. Based on RAPD genotyping, L. reuteri had the highest genotypic diversity, with age being a factor on the genotypes detected. This data may be relevant in the selection of age-specific probiotics for goats. The findings may also have broader implications by highlighting age as a factor for consideration in probiotic bacteria selection in other animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa E. ElHadedy
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (D.E.E.); (C.K.); (A.B.Y.); (Z.W.)
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology NCRRT, Radiation Microbiology Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (D.E.E.); (C.K.); (A.B.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Adnan B. Yousuf
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (D.E.E.); (C.K.); (A.B.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (D.E.E.); (C.K.); (A.B.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Eunice N. Ndegwa
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (D.E.E.); (C.K.); (A.B.Y.); (Z.W.)
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Shiga Toxin Subtypes, Serogroups, Phylogroups, RAPD Genotypic Diversity, and Select Virulence Markers of Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli Strains from Goats in Mid-Atlantic US. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091842. [PMID: 36144444 PMCID: PMC9505625 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding Shiga toxin subtypes in E. coli from reservoir hosts may give insight into their significance as human pathogens. The data also serve as an epidemiological tool for source tracking. We characterized Shiga toxin subtypes in 491 goat E. coli isolates (STEC) from the mid-Atlantic US region (stx1 = 278, stx2 = 213, and stx1/stx2 = 95). Their serogroups, phylogroups, M13RAPD genotypes, eae (intimin), and hly (hemolysin) genes were also evaluated. STEC-positive for stx1 harbored Stx1c (79%), stx1a (21%), and stx a/c (4%). Those positive for Stx2 harbored stx2a (55%) and Stx2b (32%), while stx2a/stx2d and stx2a/stx2b were each 2%. Among the 343 STEC that were serogrouped, 46% (n = 158) belonged to O8, 20% (n = 67) to 076, 12% (n = 42) to O91, 5% (n = 17) to O5, and 5% (n = 18) to O26. Less than 5% belonged to O78, O87, O146, and O103. The hly and eae genes were detected in 48% and 14% of STEC, respectively. Most belonged to phylogroup B1 (73%), followed by D (10%), E (8%), A (4%), B2 (4%), and F (1%). M13RAPD genotyping revealed clonality of 091, O5, O87, O103, and O78 but higher diversity in the O8, O76, and O26 serogroups. These results indicate goat STEC belonged to important non-O157 STEC serogroups, were genomically diverse, and harbored Shiga toxin subtypes associated with severe human disease.
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Bertolini AB, Prado AM, Thyssen PJ, Mioni MDSR, de Gouvea FLR, Leite DDS, Langoni H, Pantoja JCDF, Rall VM, Guimarães FF, Joaquim SF, Guerra ST, Hernandes RT, Lucheis SB, Ribeiro MG. Prevalence of bovine mastitis‐related pathogens, identified by mass spectrometry in flies (Insecta, Diptera) captured in the milking environment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1232-1245. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bezerra Bertolini
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Aline Marrara Prado
- Department of Animal Biology Biology Institute, University of Campinas‐UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil
| | | | - Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Fábio Lucas Rezende de Gouvea
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | | | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - José Carlos de Figueiredo Pantoja
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Vera Moraes Rall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Felipe Freitas Guimarães
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Sâmea Fernandes Joaquim
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Simony Trevizan Guerra
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | | | - Simone Baldini Lucheis
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University‐UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
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Arsenopoulos K, Triantafillou E, Filioussis G, Papadopoulos E. Fly repellency using deltamethrin may reduce intramammary infections of dairy cows under intensive management. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 61:16-23. [PMID: 30502828 PMCID: PMC7124788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the possible effect of the fly repellent deltamethrin on the full microbiological profile of the intramammary infections as well as on the somatic cell count in one Greek dairy cattle farm under intensive management, during peak fly season. Fifty five multiparous cows, stabled in the same farm, were randomly divided in three groups; cows of Group A were dressed on their back with deltamethrin, cows of Group B remained untreated within the same pen and cows of Group C remained untreated in a separate pen. Clinical records of the herd showed a history of clinical and subclinical mastitis (especially during spring and early summer) and fly infestation. Deltamethrin reduced fly population, landing on the cows of Group A, facilitating a significant decrease of S. aureus, coagulase negative staplylococci, E. coli intramammary infections and somatic cell count, throughout the study period. Consequently, there is a relationship between fly abundance and transmission of bacteria resulting in intramammary infections and mastitis in dairy cows. The use of the pyrethroid deltamethrin reduced fly abundance and therefore, the possibility of transmitting pathogenic bacteria in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Arsenopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Filioussis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Klaas IC, Zadoks RN. An update on environmental mastitis: Challenging perceptions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:166-185. [PMID: 29083115 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental mastitis is the most common and costly form of mastitis in modern dairy herds where contagious transmission of intramammary pathogens is controlled through implementation of standard mastitis prevention programmes. Environmental mastitis can be caused by a wide range of bacterial species, and binary classification of species as contagious or environmental is misleading, particularly for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and other streptococcal species, including Streptococcus agalactiae. Bovine faeces, the indoor environment and used pasture are major sources of mastitis pathogens, including Escherichia coli and S. uberis. A faeco-oral transmission cycle may perpetuate and amplify the presence of such pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. agalactiae. Because of societal pressure to reduce reliance on antimicrobials as tools for mastitis control, management of environmental mastitis will increasingly need to be based on prevention. This requires a reduction in environmental exposure through bedding, pasture and pre-milking management and enhancement of the host response to bacterial challenge. Efficacious vaccines are available to reduce the impact of coliform mastitis, but vaccine development for gram-positive mastitis has not progressed beyond the "promising" stage for decades. Improved diagnostic tools to identify causative agents and transmission patterns may contribute to targeted use of antimicrobials and intervention measures. The most important tool for improved uptake of known mastitis prevention measures is communication. Development of better technical or biological tools for management of environmental mastitis must be accompanied by development of appropriate incentives and communication strategies for farmers and veterinarians, who may be confronted with government-mandated antimicrobial use targets if voluntary reduction is not implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Klaas
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - R N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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