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Yang H, Wei H, Shen L, Kumar C S, Chen Q, Chen Y, Kumar SA. A novel stop-loss DAX1 variant affecting its protein-interaction with SF1 precedes the adrenal hypoplasia congenital with rare spontaneous precocious puberty and elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/adrenal axis responses. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104192. [PMID: 33766795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The case study unveils the likely mechanism of a novel stop-loss DAX1 variant preceding the prolonged precocious puberty in the adrenal hypoplasia congenital (AHC) boy. A boy aged five years and nine months initially examined for the primary adrenal insufficiency symptoms. Next-generation sequencing confirmed the X-linked inheritance of a novel stop-loss DAX1 variant: c.1411T>C/p.Ter471Gln associated with AHC in the patient. The patient was subjected to a brief clinical follow-up from 11 to 15.1 years of age. The effect of the mutant-DAX1 variant (p.Ter471Gln) on DAX1-steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) (protein-protein) interaction was studied by protein-protein docking using the ClusPro-online tool. At 5.9 yrs of age, the patient exhibited precocious puberty with the secondary sexual characteristics of Tanner 2 stage (of 9-14 yrs of age). The patient showed primary adrenal insufficiency with diminished cortisol concentrations at blood serum (25 ng/ml) and urine (3.55 μg/24 h) levels. Upon steroidal exposure, the patient showed normalized serum cortisol levels of 45-61 ng/ml. However, the precocious puberty got prolonged with the increased penis length of 8.5 cm and the bone age of 18 yrs old during the follow-up. The patient showed increased basal serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (110->2000 pg/ml) and follicle-stimulating hormone (18.4-22.3 mIU/ml) concentrations. Following an elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity witnessed upon gonarellin stimulation. Protein-protein docking confirmed a weaker interaction between the mutant-DAX1 (p.Ter471Gln) protein and the wild-SF1 protein. Overall, we hypothesize the weakened mutant-DAX1-SF1 (protein-protein) interaction could govern the prolonged precocious puberty augmented with the elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/adrenal axis responses via SF1-induced neuronal nitric oxide synthetase activation in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Linghua Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Selvaa Kumar C
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed to Be University, Sector-15, CBD Belapur. Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Senthil Arun Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
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Puzserova A, Bernatova I. Blood pressure regulation in stress: focus on nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Physiol Res 2017; 65:S309-S342. [PMID: 27775419 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is considered a risk factor associated with the development of various civilization diseases including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors and mental disorders. Research investigating mechanisms involved in stress-induced hypertension have attracted much attention of physicians and researchers, however, there are still ambiguous results concerning a causal relationship between stress and long-term elevation of blood pressure (BP). Several studies have observed that mechanisms involved in the development of stress-induced hypertension include increased activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), glucocorticoid (GC) overload and altered endothelial function including decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Nitric oxide is well known neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and vasodilator involved in regulation of neuroendocrine mechanisms and cardiovascular responses to stressors. Thus NO plays a crucial role in the regulation of the stress systems and thereby in the BP regulation in stress. Elevated NO synthesis, especially in the initial phase of stress, may be considered a stress-limiting mechanism, facilitating the recovery from stress to the resting levels via attenuation of both GC release and SNS activity as well as by increased NO-dependent vasorelaxation. On the other hand, reduced levels of NO were observed in the later phases of stress and in subjects with genetic predisposition to hypertension, irrespectively, in which reduced NO bioavailability may account for disruption of NO-mediated BP regulatory mechanisms and accentuated SNS and GC effects. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of stress in development of hypertension with a special focus on the interactions among NO and other biological systems affecting blood pressure and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Puzserova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Oyeyipo IP, Raji Y, Bolarinwa AF. N (G)-nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester Protects Against Hormonal Imbalances Associated with Nicotine Administration in Male Rats. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 7:59-64. [PMID: 25789250 PMCID: PMC4358050 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.152080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: The administration of nicotine is associated with altered hormonal imbalances and increased serum and testicular nitric oxide (NO) level. Aim: This study sought to investigate the effects of NO inhibition with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on altered hormonal imbalance in adult male albinorats. Materials and Methods: Rats were administered with 0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 1.0 mg/kg BW nicotine and were treated with L-NAME in the drinking water or drinking water alone for 30 days. Serum was analyzed for testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin using radioimmunoassay. Results: Nicotine administration significantly decreased (P < 0.05) testosterone in the low and high dose treated groups and FSH in the high dose treated group when compared with the control group. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in mean LH and prolactin level in the high dose treated group when compared with the control. Concomitant treatment with nicotine and L-NAME produced significant increases in testosterone and FSH, and a decrease in prolactin in 1.0 mg/kg BW. L-NAME alone did not lead to a significant increase in testosterone when compared with control. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the suppressive effects of nicotine on testosterone level of the adult male rat can be prevented by NOS blockade with L-NAME. It appears that these beneficial effects are mediated primarily within the gonad; however, the involvement of the pituitary cannot be totally ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun P Oyeyipo
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun, Nigeria ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Y Raji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Adeyombo F Bolarinwa
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
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Woller MJ, Tannenbaum PL, Schultz-Darken NJ, Eshelman BD, Abbott DH. Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone release from hypothalamic explants of male marmoset monkeys compared with male rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R70-8. [PMID: 19889867 PMCID: PMC2806204 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00193.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to quantify in vitro gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release parameters in the male marmoset. We established primary cultures of marmoset hypothalamic tissues for approximately 2 days (marmosets) to assess GnRH release profiles in vitro in hypothalamic explants from testis-intact and gonadectomized males. Pulsatile GnRH release profiles were readily demonstrated from in vitro hypothalamic explants isolated from adult male marmoset monkeys. Gonadectomy of male marmosets resulted in elevated mean GnRH and pulse amplitude from hypothalamic explants on the 1st day of culture (day 0). GnRH pulse amplitude increased by day 2 in approximately 67% of hypothalamic explants from testis-intact marmosets, suggesting release from an endogenous regulator of GnRH. We also measured GnRH release profiles in vitro in hypothalamic explants from testis-intact and gonadectomized rats. Male rats showed no changes in any concentration or frequency release parameters for GnRH following gonadectomy or during successive days in culture. The present study represents a unique examination of GnRH release from male marmoset monkey hypothalamic tissue and compares release dynamics directly with those obtained from male rat, suggesting a species difference in feedback regulation of GnRH release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Woller
- Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190-1790, USA.
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Endothelin-1 as a neuropeptide: neurotransmitter or neurovascular effects? J Cell Commun Signal 2009; 4:51-62. [PMID: 19847673 PMCID: PMC2821480 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-009-0073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endothelium-derived peptide that also possesses potent mitogenic activity. There is also a suggestion the ET-1 is a neuropeptide, based mainly on its histological identification in both the central and peripheral nervous system in a number of species, including man. A neuropeptide role for ET-1 is supported by studies showing a variety of effects caused following its administration into different regions of the brain and by application to peripheral nerves. In addition there are studies proposing that ET-1 is implicated in a number of neural circuits where its transmitter affects range from a role in pain and temperature control to its action on the hypothalamo-neurosecretory system. While the effect of ET-1 on nerve tissue is beyond doubt, its action on nerve blood flow is often ignored. Here, we review data generated in a number of species and using a variety of experimental models. Studies range from those showing the distribution of ET-1 and its receptors in nerve tissue to those describing numerous neurally-mediated effects of ET-1.
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González-Flores O, Gómora-Arrati P, Garcia-Juárez M, Gómez-Camarillo MA, Lima-Hernández FJ, Beyer C, Etgen AM. Nitric oxide and ERK/MAPK mediation of estrous behavior induced by GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP in rats. Physiol Behav 2009; 96:606-12. [PMID: 19162055 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP act via the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP and MAPK pathways to facilitate estrous behavior (lordosis and proceptivity) in estradiol-primed female rats. Estradiol-primed rats received intracerebroventricular (icv) infusions of pharmacological antagonists of NO synthase (L-NAME), NO-dependent soluble guanylyl cyclase (ODQ), protein kinase G (KT5823), or the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 15 min before icv administration of 50 ng of GnRH, 1 microg of PGE2 or 1 microg of db-cAMP. Icv infusions of GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP enhanced estrous behavior at 1 and 2 h after drug administration. Both L-NAME and ODQ blocked the estrous behavior induced by GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP at some of the times tested. The protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823 reduced PGE2 and db-cAMP facilitation of estrous behavior but did not affect the behavioral response to GnRH. In contrast, PD98059 blocked the estrous behavior induced by all three compounds. These data support the hypothesis that the NO-cGMP and ERK/MAPK pathways are involved in the lordosis and proceptive behaviors induced by GnRH, PGE2 and db-cAMP. However, cGMP mediation of GnRH-facilitated estrous behavior is independent of protein kinase G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar González-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Apdo. Postal 62, Tlaxcala 90000, Mexico
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Häuser W, Sassmann A, Qadri F, Jöhren O, Dominiak P. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis during the development of spontaneous hypertension in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 138:198-204. [PMID: 15913838 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the expression of the major isoforms of nitric oxide synthase mRNA and protein in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at two different postnatal ages corresponding to the development of genetic hypertension. Using RT-PCR and Western blot techniques, the mRNA and protein levels of neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) isoforms were measured in 3- to 4-week-old (prehypertensive phase) and 12- to 13-week-old (established hypertension phase) SHR and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. nNOS but not eNOS mRNA levels were increased at prehypertensive and hypertensive phases in SHR HPA axis. Compared to age-matched WKY rats, significantly higher levels of nNOS protein were found in the hypothalamus, lower levels in the adrenal glands and no changes were observed in the pituitary gland. At both ages tested, there was no significant change in eNOS protein expression in SHR HPA axis. The expression of iNOS mRNA and protein was under detection limit. In the HPA axis, the expression of nNOS isoform appears to be differentially controlled at the transcriptional and translational levels in SHR. Increased mRNA levels and differential nNOS protein expression from birth in SHR HPA axis may contribute in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Häuser
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Mukherjee AB, Loesch A. Co-localisation of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin in the rat supraoptic nucleus. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2002; 34:181-7. [PMID: 12495225 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020950700078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The co-localisation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 was studied in the rat supraoptic nucleus at the electron microscopy level. Double pre-embedding immunocytochemistry was performed using ExtrAvidin-horseradish peroxidase and immunogold-silver techniques. Immunoreactivities to neuronal nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 were co-localised in sub-populations of endocrine neurones (cell bodies) and dendrites. Double-labelled axon terminals making asymmetrical synapses on unlabelled dendrites were also observed. The findings are discussed in terms of the possible role and significance of nitric oxide and endothlin-1 in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Mukherjee
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Centre for Neuroscience, University College London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, UK
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Emanuele MA, LaPaglia N, Steiner J, Kirsteins L, Emanuele NV. Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Blockade on the Acute Response of the Reproductive Axis to Ethanol in Pubertal Male Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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