1
|
da Silva Gonçalves L, Rusch G, Alves AG, Krüger LD, Paim MP, Cristóvão Martins C, Pereira da Motta K, Sebastião Dos Santos Neto J, Luchese C, Antunes Wilhelm E, Augusto Brüning C, Folharini Bortolatto C. Acute 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran treatment reverses the neurobehavioral alterations induced by sleep deprivation in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116339. [PMID: 38848781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental state for maintaining the organism homeostasis. Disruptions in sleep patterns predispose to the appearance of memory impairments and mental disorders, including depression. Recent pre-clinical studies have highlighted the antidepressant-like properties of the synthetic compound 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran (SeBZF1). To further investigate the neuromodulatory effects of SeBZF1, this study aimed to assess its therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating neurobehavioral impairments induced by sleep deprivation (SD) in mice. For this purpose, a method known as multiple platforms over water was used to induce rapid eye movement (REM) SD. Two hours after acute SD (24 h), male Swiss mice received a single treatment of SeBZF1 (5 mg/kg, intragastric route) or fluoxetine (a positive control, 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal route). Subsequently, behavioral tests were conducted to assess spontaneous motor function (open-field test), depressive-like behavior (tail suspension test), and memory deficits (Y-maze test). Brain structures were utilized to evaluate oxidative stress markers, monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Our findings revealed that SD animals displayed depressive-like behavior and memory impairments, which were reverted by SeBZF1 and fluoxetine treatments. SeBZF1 also reverted the increase in lipoperoxidation levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in the pre-frontal cortex in mice exposed to SD. Besides, the increase in hippocampal AChE activity induced by SD was overturned by SeBZF1. Lastly, cortical MAO-B activity was reestablished by SeBZF1 in mice that underwent SD. Based on the main findings of this study, it can be inferred that the compound SeBZF1 reverses the neurobehavioral alterations induced by sleep deprivation in male Swiss mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciane da Silva Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Rusch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Amália Gonçalves Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Letícia Devantier Krüger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Mariana Parron Paim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Carolina Cristóvão Martins
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Ketlyn Pereira da Motta
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Cristiane Luchese
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agrawal S, Singh V, Singh C, Singh A. A review on pathophysiological aspects of Sleep Deprivation. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-123413. [PMID: 35549867 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220512092718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) (also referred as insomnia) is a condition in which peoples fails to get enough sleep due to excessive yawning, facing difficulty to learn new concepts, forgetfulness as well as depressed mood. This could be occurs due to several possible reasons including medications, stress (caused by shift work). Despite the fact that sleep is important for the normal physiology, it currently affects millions of people around the world US (70 million) and Europe (45 million). Due to increase work demand nowadays lots of peoples experiencing sleep deprivation hence, this could be the reason for several car accident followed by death and morbidity. This review highlighted the impact of SD on neurotransmitter release and functions, theories (Flip-flop theory, oxidative stress theory, neuroinflammation theory, neurotransmitter theory, and hormonal theory) associated with SD pathogenesis apart from this it also demonstrate the molecular pathways underlying SD (PI3K and Akt , NF-κB, Nrf2, and adenosine pathway. However, this study also elaborates the SD induced changes in the level of neurotransmitters, hormonal, and mitochondrial functions. Along with this, it also covers several molecular aspects associated with SD as well. Through this study a link is made between SD and associated causes, which will further help to develop potential therapeutic strategy against SD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Agrawal
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishesh Singh
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9290. [PMID: 34502198 PMCID: PMC8430571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation of pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and slow down their course. The aim of this review is to present the role of AChE in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this review aims to reveal the benefits of using AChE inhibitors to treat these diseases. The selected new AChE inhibitors were also assessed in terms of their potential use in the described disease entities. Designing and searching for new drugs targeting AChE may in the future allow the discovery of therapies that will be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8bStreet, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Nexus Between Sleep Disturbance and Delirium Among Intensive Care Patients. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2021; 33:155-171. [PMID: 34023083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep in intensive care is hampered due to many factors; the clinical environment itself exacerbates sleep disturbance. Research suggests that interventions aimed at improving sleep quality have produced positive effects in reducing incidences and duration of delirium. Sleep disturbance is well documented among intensive care patients; however, its prognostic impact is not fully understood. Delirium, disproportionally prevalent among intensive care patients, has significant prognostic factors related to patient outcomes, in which sleep disturbance often is present. The relationship between sleep disturbance and delirium is complex, sharing commonalities in relation to neurobiological and neurohormonal alterations, which may contribute to a bidirectional relationship.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Q, Peng Y, Lin Y, Li S, Huang X, Chen LW. Atypical Sleep and Postoperative Delirium in the Cardiothoracic Surgical Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Prospective Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:1137-1144. [PMID: 33324127 PMCID: PMC7733439 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s275698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative delirium (POD) is a very common and serious neurological complication in patients admitted to the cardiothoracic surgical intensive care unit (CSICU). We aimed to identify a novel potential sleep-based marker for POD and investigate the relevance between atypical sleep and POD. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective, observational study of patients admitted to the CSICU between December 2019 and February 2020 at our center. Sleep characteristics from 21:00 on postoperative day 1 to 07:00 on postoperative day 2 were assessed using polysomnography (PSG). POD from the end of PSG monitoring until postoperative day 5 was evaluated using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. RESULTS This analysis included 20 patients admitted to the CSICU. The incidence of atypical sleep was 45.0%. Compared to patients without delirium, those with delirium had less delta power, less percentage REM sleep, and a higher proportion of atypical sleep and REM sleep loss (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of atypical sleep and the absence of REM sleep were associated with POD in patients admitted to the CSICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Sailan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhen Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Wan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of CDP-choline administration on learning and memory in REM sleep-deprived rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 213:112703. [PMID: 31654682 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine 5-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) administration has been shown to improve learning and memory deficits in different models of brain disorders. In this study, effects of CDP-choline on the well known negative effects of Rapid Eye Movements (REM) sleep deprivation on learning and memory were investigated. Sleep deprivation was induced by placing adult male Wistar albino rats on 6.5 cm diameter platforms individually for 96 h according to flower pot method. Learning and memory performances were evaluated using Morris Water Maze (MWM) test during the same period of time. Saline or CDP-choline (100 µmol/kg, 300 µmol/kg or 600 µmol/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the onset of MWM experiments. On completion of behavioral tests, rats were decapitated and hippocampi were assayed for total and phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (tCaMKII and pCaMKII, respectively) and total antioxidant capacity. We observed that while REM sleep deprivation had no effect on learning, it diminished the memory function, which was associated with decreased levels of pCaMKII and total antioxidant capacity in the hippocampus. CDP-choline treatment blocked the impairment in memory function of sleep-deprived rats and, increased pCaMKII levels and total antioxidant capacity. These data suggest that CDP-choline reduces REM sleep deprivation-induced impairment in memory, at least in part, by counteracting the disturbances in biochemical and molecular biological parameters.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mu P, Huang YH. Cholinergic system in sleep regulation of emotion and motivation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:113-118. [PMID: 30894329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep profoundly regulates our emotional and motivational state of mind. Human brain imaging and animal model studies are providing initial insights on the underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we focus on the brain cholinergic system, including cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, ventral striatum, habenula, and brain stem. Although much is learned about cholinergic regulations of emotion and motivation, less is known on their interactions with sleep. Specifically, we present an anatomical framework that highlights cholinergic signaling in the integrated reward-arousal/sleep circuitry, and identify the knowledge gaps on the potential roles of cholinergic system in sleep-mediated regulation of emotion and motivation. Sleep impacts every aspect of brain functions. It not only restores cognitive control, but also retunes emotional and motivational regulation [1]. Sleep disturbance is a comorbidity and sometimes a predicting factor for various psychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and drug addiction [2-9]. Although it is well recognized that sleep prominently shapes emotional and motivational regulation, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. The brain cholinergic system is essential for a diverse variety of functions including cognition, learning and memory, sensory and motor processing, sleep and arousal, reward processing, and emotion regulation [10-14]. Although cholinergic functions in cognition, learning and memory, motor control, and sleep and arousal have been well established, its interaction with sleep in regulating emotion and motivation has not been extensively studied. Here we review current evidence on sleep-mediated regulation of emotion and motivation, and reveal knowledge gaps on potential contributions from the cholinergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, 186 Hongqi Middle Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China.
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15219, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grubač Ž, Jovanović Đ, Puškaš N, Hrnčić D. Sleep disturbances and depression: Directions and mechanisms of interaction. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/mp69-18434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
9
|
Javad-Moosavi BZ, Vaezi G, Nasehi M, Haeri-Rouhani SA, Zarrindast MR. Critical role of CA1 muscarinic receptors on memory acquisition deficit induced by total (TSD) and REM sleep deprivation (RSD). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:128-135. [PMID: 28571775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite different theories regarding sleep physiological function, an overall census indicates that sleep is useful for neural plasticity which eventually strengthens cognition and brain performance. Different studies show that sleep deprivation (SD) leads to impaired learning and hippocampus dependent memory. According to some studies, cholinergic system plays an important role in sleep (particularly REM sleep), learning, memory, and its retrieval. So this study has been designed to investigate the effect of CA1 Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptors on memory acquisition deficit induced by total sleep deprivation (TSD) and REM sleep deprivation (RSD). METHOD A modified water box (locomotor activity may be provide a limiting factor in this method of SD) or multiple platforms were used for induction of TSD or RSD, respectively. Inhibitory passive avoidance apparatus has been used to determine the effects of SD and its changes by physostigmine (as cholinesterase inhibitor) or scopolamine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) on memory formation. Because locomotor activity and pain perception induce critical roles in passive avoidance memory formation, we also measured these factors by open field and hot-plate instruments, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that TSD and RSD for 24 hours impaired memory formation but they did not alter locomotor activity. TSD also induced analgesia effect, but RSD did not alter it. Intra-CA1 injection of physostigmine (0.0001μg/rat) and scopolamine (0.01μg/rat) did not alter memory acquisition in the sham-TSD or sham-RSD, by themselves. Moreover, intra-CA1 injection of sub-threshold dose of physostigmine (0.0001μg/rat) and scopolamine (0.01μg/rat) could restore the memory acquisition deficit induced by RSD, while scopolamine could restore TSD-induced amnesia. Both drugs reversed analgesia induced by TSD. None of previous interventions altered locomotor activity. CONCLUSION According to this study, CA1 cholinergic muscarinic receptors play an important role in amnesia induced by both TSD and RSD. However further studies are needed for showing cellular and molecular mechanisms of surprising result of similar pharmacological effects using compounds with opposite profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamhassan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed-Ali Haeri-Rouhani
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kumar A, Chanana P. Sleep reduction: A link to other neurobiological diseases. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; UGC Centre of Advanced Study; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Priyanka Chanana
- Pharmacology Division; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; UGC Centre of Advanced Study; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Havekes R, Vecsey CG, Abel T. The impact of sleep deprivation on neuronal and glial signaling pathways important for memory and synaptic plasticity. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1251-60. [PMID: 22570866 PMCID: PMC3622220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is a common feature in modern society, and one of the consequences of sleep loss is the impairment of cognitive function. Although it has been widely accepted that sleep deprivation affects learning and memory, only recently has research begun to address which molecular signaling pathways are altered by sleep loss and, more importantly, which pathways can be targeted to reverse the memory impairments resulting from sleep deprivation. In this review, we discuss the different methods used to sleep deprive animals and the effects of different durations of sleep deprivation on learning and memory with an emphasis on hippocampus-dependent memory. We then review the molecular signaling pathways that are sensitive to sleep loss, with a focus on those thought to play a critical role in the memory and synaptic plasticity deficits observed after sleep deprivation. Finally, we highlight several recent attempts to reverse the effects of sleep deprivation on memory and synaptic plasticity. Future research building on these studies promises to contribute to the development of novel strategies to ameliorate the effects of sleep loss on cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbert Havekes
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Ted Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dergacheva O, Wang X, Lovett-Barr MR, Jameson H, Mendelowitz D. The lateral paragigantocellular nucleus modulates parasympathetic cardiac neurons: a mechanism for rapid eye movement sleep-dependent changes in heart rate. J Neurophysiol 2010; 104:685-94. [PMID: 20484535 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00228.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is generally associated with a withdrawal of parasympathetic activity and heart rate increases; however, episodic vagally mediated heart rate decelerations also occur during REM sleep. This alternating pattern of autonomic activation provides a physiological basis for REM sleep-induced cardiac arrhythmias. Medullary neurons within the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (LPGi) are thought to be active after REM sleep recovery and play a role in REM sleep control. In proximity to the LPGi are parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs) within the nucleus ambiguus (NA), which are critical for controlling heart rate. This study examined brain stem pathways that may mediate REM sleep-related reductions in parasympathetic cardiac activity. Electrical stimulation of the LPGi evoked inhibitory GABAergic postsynaptic currents in CVNs in an in vitro brain stem slice preparation in rats. Because brain stem cholinergic mechanisms are involved in REM sleep regulation, we also studied the role of nicotinic neurotransmission in modulation of GABAergic pathway from the LGPi to CVNs. Application of nicotine diminished the GABAergic responses evoked by electrical stimulation. This inhibitory effect of nicotine was prevented by the alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin. Moreover, hypoxia/hypercapnia (H/H) diminished LPGi-evoked GABAergic current in CVNs, and this inhibitory effect was also prevented by alpha-bungarotoxin. In conclusion, stimulation of the LPGi evokes an inhibitory pathway to CVNs, which may constitute a mechanism for the reduced parasympathetic cardiac activity and increase in heart rate during REM sleep. Inhibition of this pathway by nicotinic receptor activation and H/H may play a role in REM sleep-related and apnea-associated bradyarrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dergacheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Weinhouse GL, Schwab RJ, Watson PL, Patil N, Vaccaro B, Pandharipande P, Ely EW. Bench-to-bedside review: delirium in ICU patients - importance of sleep deprivation. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2009; 13:234. [PMID: 20053301 PMCID: PMC2811939 DOI: 10.1186/cc8131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delirium occurs frequently in critically ill patients and has been associated with both short-term and long-term consequences. Efforts to decrease delirium prevalence have been directed at identifying and modifying its risk factors. One potentially modifiable risk factor is sleep deprivation. Critically ill patients are known to experience poor sleep quality with severe sleep fragmentation and disruption of sleep architecture. Poor sleep while in the intensive care unit is one of the most common complaints of patients who survive critical illness. The relationship between delirium and sleep deprivation remains controversial. However, studies have demonstrated many similarities between the clinical and physiologic profiles of patients with delirium and sleep deprivation. This article aims to review the literature, the clinical and neurobiologic consequences of sleep deprivation, and the potential relationship between sleep deprivation and delirium in intensive care unit patients. Sleep deprivation may prove to be a modifiable risk factor for the development of delirium with important implications for the acute and long-term outcome of critically ill patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald L Weinhouse
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|