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Sheervalilou R, Shahraki O, Hasanifard L, Shirvaliloo M, Mehranfar S, Lotfi H, Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Y, Bahmanpour Z, Zadeh SS, Nazarlou Z, Kangarlou H, Ghaznavi H, Zarghami N. Electrochemical Nano-biosensors as Novel Approach for the Detection of Lung Cancer-related MicroRNAs. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:13-35. [DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191001114941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In both men and women around the world, lung cancer accounts as the
principal cause of cancer-related death after breast cancer. Therefore, early detection of
the disease is a cardinal step in improving prognosis and survival of patients. Today, the
newly-defined microRNAs regulate about 30 to 60 percent of the gene expression.
Changes in microRNA Profiles are linked to numerous health conditions, making them
sophisticated biomarkers for timely, if not early, detection of cancer. Though evaluation
of microRNAs in real samples has proved to be rather challenging, which is largely
attributable to the unique characteristics of these molecules. Short length, sequence
similarity, and low concentration stand among the factors that define microRNAs.
Recently, diagnostic technologies with a focus on wide-scale point of care have recently
garnered attention as great candidates for early diagnosis of cancer. Electrochemical
nano-biosensors have recently garnered much attention as a molecular method,
showing great potential in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and last but
not least, adaptability to point-of-care testing. Application of nanoscale materials in
electrochemical devices as promising as it is, brings multiplexing potential for conducting
simultaneous evaluations on multiple cancer biomarkers. Thanks to their enthralling
properties, these materials can be used to improve the efficiency of cancer diagnostics,
offer more accurate predictions of prognosis, and monitor response to therapy in a more
efficacious way. This article presents a concise overview of recent advances in the
expeditiously evolving area of electrochemical biosensors for microRNA detection in
lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Leili Hasanifard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Mehranfar
- Department of Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Younes Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadaf Sarraf Zadeh
- Neurosciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Nazarlou
- Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Haleh Kangarlou
- Department of Physics, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chen F, Zhou J, Huang YH, Huang FY, Liu Q, Fang Z, Yang S, Xiong M, Lin YY, Tan GH. Function of ssDNA aptamer and aptamer pool against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:669-73. [PMID: 23242377 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) are crucial due to the high infection and mortality rates associated with the disease. Our previous study confirmed that aptamers from a whole bacterium obtained by the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment method specifically bound to the MTB virulent strain (H37Rv). In the present study, the function of aptamers against MTB in a mouse model was further determined. It was demonstrated that the NK2 aptamer has marked inhibitory effects on the adhesion/invasion of H37Rv to macrophages in vitro and stimulates intracellular IFN-γ production in CD4+ T-cells. The aptamer pool exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on H37Rv adhesion/invasion to CD8+ T-cells in vitro compared with all aptamers-treated and control groups. Histopathological examination of lung biopsy specimens revealed a correlation between aptamer presence and lower pulmonary alveoli fusion, swelling and more prominent air spaces. Acid-fast staining of biopsy specimens from the lungs of the mice demonstrated parallel treatment effects. Results of the present study indicate that the 10th pool aptamers and NK2 may play an active role against H37Rv, however, the effect was different in vivo and in vitro. The treatment effect of 10th pool aptamers was found to be better in comparison to NK2 in vivo. Additional target sites involved in pathogenicity of H37Rv were also revealed and the NK2 binding site and aptamers, including the 10th pool aptamers, may antagonize these sites. Further studies are required to screen for other valuable aptamers which may be used as therapeutic drugs in combination with NK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuchang, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
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Göringer HU. Parasite-specific aptamers as biosynthetic reagents and potential pharmaceuticals. Trends Parasitol 2012; 28:106-13. [PMID: 22300805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are short, synthetic nucleic acid molecules. They are generated by a Darwinian-type in vitro evolution method known as 'systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment' (SELEX). SELEX represents an experimental platform to identify rare ligands with predetermined functionality from combinatorial nucleic acid libraries. Since its discovery about 20 years ago the method has been instrumental in identifying a large number of aptamers that recognize targets of very different chemistry and molecular complexity. Although aptamers have been converted into sophisticated biomolecular tools for a diverse set of technologies, only a limited number of aptamers have been selected as binding reagents for parasites or parasite-derived molecules. Here the published examples of aptamers that target Leishmania-, Trypanosoma- and Plasmodia-specific molecules are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ulrich Göringer
- Genetics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Tothill I. Biosensors and nanomaterials and their application for mycotoxin determination. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2011. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2011.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin analysis and detection in food and drinks is vital for ensuring food quality and safety, eliminating and controlling the risk of consuming contaminated foods, and complying with the legislative limits set by food authorities worldwide. Most analysis of these toxins is still conducted using conventional methods; however, biosensor methods are currently being developed as screening tools for use in field analysis. Biosensors have demonstrated their ability to provide rapid, sensitive, robust and cost-effective quantitative methods for on-site testing. The development of biosensor devices for different mycotoxins has attracted much research interest in recent years with a range of devices being designed and reported in the scientific literature. However, with the advent of nanotechnology and its impact on the evolution of ultrasensitive devices, mycotoxin analysis is also benefiting from the advances taking place in applying nanomaterials in sensors development. This paper reviews the developments in the area of biosensors and their applications for mycotoxin analysis, as well as the development of micro/nanoarray transducers and nanoparticles and their use in the development of new rapid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Tothill
- Cranfield University, Cranfield Health, Vincent Building, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK 43 0AL, United Kingdom
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5
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Biosensors for cancer markers diagnosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alves MJM, Colli W. Role of the gp85/trans-sialidase superfamily of glycoproteins in the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with host structures. Subcell Biochem 2008; 47:58-69. [PMID: 18512341 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78267-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of mammalian cells by T. cruzi trypomastigotes is a multi-step and complex process involving several adhesion molecules, signaling events and proteolytic activities. From the blood to the cell target in different tissues the parasite has to interact with different cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The review focus on the role of the gp85/ trans-sialidase superfamily members in the interaction of the parasite with the host cell, particularly with ECM components, with emphasis on the significant variability among the ligands and receptors involved. Use of the SELEX technique to evolve nuclease-resistant RNA aptamers for receptor identification is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Júlia M Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Göringer HU, Homann M, Zacharias M, Adler A. RNA aptamers as potential pharmaceuticals against infections with African trypanosomes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2006:375-93. [PMID: 16594626 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27262-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Protozoal pathogens cause symptomatic as well as asymptomatic infections. They have a worldwide impact, which in part is reflected in the long-standing search for antiprotozoal chemotherapy. Unfortunately, effective treatments for the different diseases are by and large not available. This is especially true for African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. The disease is an increasing problem in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, which is due to the lack of new therapeutics and the increasing resistance against traditional drugs such as melarsoprol, berenil and isometamidium. Considerable progress has been made over the past 10 years in the development of nucleic acid-based drug molecules using a variety of different technologies. One approach is a combinatorial technology that involves an iterative Darwinian-type in vitro evolution process, which has been termed SELEX for "systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment". The procedure is a highly efficient method of identifying rare ligands from combinatorial nucleic acid libraries of very high complexity. It allows the selection of nucleic acid molecules with desired functions, and it has been instrumental in the identification of a number of synthetic DNA and RNA molecules, so-called aptamers that recognize ligands of different chemical origin. Aptamers typically bind their target with high affinity and high specificity and have successfully been converted into pharmaceutically active compounds. Here we summarize the recent examples of the SELEX technique within the context of identifying high-affinity RNA ligands against the surface of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which is the causative agent of sleeping sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Göringer
- Genetics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Soper SA, Brown K, Ellington A, Frazier B, Garcia-Manero G, Gau V, Gutman SI, Hayes DF, Korte B, Landers JL, Larson D, Ligler F, Majumdar A, Mascini M, Nolte D, Rosenzweig Z, Wang J, Wilson D. Point-of-care biosensor systems for cancer diagnostics/prognostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1932-42. [PMID: 16473506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the growing number of fatalities resulting from the 100 or so cancer-related diseases, new enabling tools are required to provide extensive molecular profiles of patients to guide the clinician in making viable diagnosis and prognosis. Unfortunately with cancer-related diseases, there is not one molecular marker that can provide sufficient information to assist the clinician in making effective prognoses or even diagnoses. Indeed, large panels of markers must typically be evaluated that cut across several different classes (mutations in certain gene fragments--DNA; over/under-expression of gene activity as monitored by messenger RNAs; the amount of proteins present in serum or circulating tumor cells). The classical biosensor format (dipstick approach for monitoring the presence of a single element) is viewed as a valuable tool in many bioassays, but possesses numerous limitations in cancer due primarily to the single element nature of these sensing platforms. As such, if biosensors are to become valuable tools in the arsenal of the clinician to manage cancer patients, new formats are required. This review seeks to provide an overview of the current thinking on molecular profiling for diagnosis and prognosis of cancers and also, provide insight into the current state-of-the-art in the biosensor field and new strategies that must be considered to bring this important technology into the cancer field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Soper
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
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Göringer HU, Homann M, Lorger M. In vitro selection of high-affinity nucleic acid ligands to parasite target molecules. Int J Parasitol 2003; 33:1309-17. [PMID: 14527514 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The logic of using nucleic acids as pharmaceutical reagents is in part based on their capacity to interact with high affinity and specificity with other biological components. Considerable progress has been made over the past 10 years in the development of nucleic acid-based drug molecules using a variety of different technologies. One approach is a combinatorial technology that involves an iterative Darwinian-type in vitro evolution process, which has been termed SELEX for 'systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment'. The procedure is a highly efficient method of identifying rare ligands from combinatorial nucleic acid libraries of very high complexity. It allows the selection of nucleic acid molecules with desired functions and it has been instrumental in the identification of a number of synthetic DNA and RNA molecules, so-called aptamers that recognise ligands of different chemical origin. The method is fast, it does not require special equipment and the selected aptamers typically bind their target with high affinity and high specificity. Here we summarise the recent examples of the SELEX technique within the context of identifying high-affinity ligands against parasite target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ulrich Göringer
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Marino APMP, Silva AA, Pinho RT, Lannes-Vieira J. Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a continuous invader-host cell cross talk with participation of extracellular matrix and adhesion and chemoattractant molecules. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:1121-33. [PMID: 12886468 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003000800020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have shown that Trypanosoma cruzi interacts with host extracellular matrix (ECM) components producing breakdown products that play an important role in parasite mobilization and infectivity. Parasite-released antigens also modulate ECM expression that could participate in cell-cell and/or cell-parasite interactions. Increased expression of ECM components has been described in the cardiac tissue of chronic chagasic patients and diverse target tissues including heart, thymus, central nervous system and skeletal muscle of experimentally T. cruzi-infected mice. ECM components may adsorb parasite antigens and cytokines that could contribute to the establishment and perpetuation of inflammation. Furthermore, T. cruzi-infected mammalian cells produce cytokines and chemokines that not only participate in the control of parasitism but also contribute to the establishment of chronic inflammatory lesions in several target tissues and most frequently lead to severe myocarditis. T. cruzi-driven cytokines and chemokines may also modulate VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 adhesion molecules on endothelial cells of target tissues and play a key role in cell recruitment, especially of activated VLA-4+LFA-1+CD8+ T lymphocytes, resulting in a predominance of this cell population in the inflamed heart, central nervous system and skeletal muscle. The VLA-4+-invading cells are surrounded by a fine network of fibronectin that could contribute to cell anchorage, activation and effector functions. Since persistent "danger signals" triggered by the parasite and its antigens are required for the establishment of inflammation and ECM alterations, therapeutic interventions that control parasitism and selectively modulate cell migration improve ECM abnormalities, paving the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies improving the prognosis of T. cruzi-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P M P Marino
- Laboratório de Autoimunidade e Imuno-regulação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Ulrich H, Magdesian MH, Alves MJM, Colli W. In vitro selection of RNA aptamers that bind to cell adhesion receptors of Trypanosoma cruzi and inhibit cell invasion. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:20756-62. [PMID: 11919187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111859200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi causing Chagas' disease needs to invade host cells to complete its life cycle. Macromolecules on host cell surfaces such as laminin, thrombospondin, heparan sulfate, and fibronectin are believed to be important in mediating parasite-host cell adhesions and in the invasion process of the host cell by the parasite. The SELEX technique (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) was used to evolve nuclease-resistant RNA ligands (aptamer = to fit) that bind with affinities of 40-400 nm to parasite receptors for the host cell matrix molecules laminin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, and heparan sulfate. After eight consecutive rounds of in vitro selection four classes of RNA aptamers based on structural similarities were isolated and sequenced. All members of each class shared a common sequence motif and competed with the respective host cell matrix molecule that was used for displacement during the selection procedure. RNA pools following seven and eight selection rounds as well as individual aptamers sharing consensus motifs were active in inhibiting invasion of LLC-MK(2) monkey kidney cells by T. cruzi in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 26077, São Paulo 05513-970, Brazil
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