1
|
Handy NB, Xu Y, Moon D, Sowizral JJ, Moon E, Ho M, Wilson BA. Hierarchical determinants in cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) toxins driving Rho G-protein deamidation versus transglutamination. mBio 2024; 15:e0122124. [PMID: 38920360 PMCID: PMC11253639 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01221-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) family of AB-type bacterial protein toxins catalyze two types of modification on their Rho GTPase substrates: deamidation and transglutamination. It has been established that E. coli CNF1 and its close homolog proteins catalyze primarily deamidation and Bordetella dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) catalyzes primarily transglutamination. The rapidly expanding microbial genome sequencing data have revealed that there are at least 13 full-length variants of CNF1 homologs. CNFx from E. coli strain GN02091 is the most distant from all other members of the CNF family with 50%-55% sequence identity at the protein level and 0.45-0.52 nucleotide substitutions per site at the DNA level. CNFx modifies RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, and like CNF1, activates downstream SRE-dependent mitogenic signaling pathways in human HEK293T cells, but at a 1,000-fold higher EC50 value. Unlike other previously characterized CNF toxins, CNFx modifies Rho proteins primarily through transglutamination, as evidenced by gel-shift assay and confirmed by MALDI mass spectral analysis, when coexpressed with Rho-protein substrates in E. coli BL21 cells or through direct treatment of HEK293T cells. A comparison of CNF1 and CNFx sequences identified two critical active-site residues corresponding to positions 832 and 862 in CNF1. Reciprocal site-specific mutations at these residues in each toxin revealed hierarchical rules that define the preference for deamidase versus a transglutaminase activity in CNFs. An additional unique Cys residue at the C-terminus of CNFx was also discovered to be critical for retarding cargo delivery.IMPORTANCECytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) toxins not only play important virulence roles in pathogenic E. coli and other bacterial pathogens, but CNF-like genes have also been found in an expanding number of genomes from clinical isolates. Harnessing the power of evolutionary relationships among the CNF toxins enabled the deciphering of the hierarchical active-site determinants that define whether they modify their Rho GTPase substrates through deamidation or transglutamination. With our finding that a distant CNF variant (CNFx) unlike other known CNFs predominantly transglutaminates its Rho GTPase substrates, the paradigm of "CNFs deamidate and DNTs transglutaminate" could finally be attributed to two critical amino acid residues within the active site other than the previously identified catalytic Cys-His dyad residues. The significance of our approach and research findings is that they can be applied to deciphering enzyme reaction determinants and substrate specificities for other bacterial proteins in the development of precision therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Handy
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yiting Xu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Damee Moon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob J. Sowizral
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric Moon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mengfei Ho
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda A. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ikeda M, Kobayashi T, Okugawa S, Fujimoto F, Okada Y, Tatsuno K, Higurashi Y, Tsutsumi T, Moriya K. Comparison of phylogenetic and virulence factors between Escherichia coli isolated from biliary tract infections and uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21748. [PMID: 38027615 PMCID: PMC10643479 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a gram-negative intestinal commensal that can also cause various infections, including urinary tract infections, biliary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, and septicemia. Although the characteristics of uropathogenic E. coli and the mechanisms of urinary tract infection have been well studied, the genetic distinctions among E. coli isolates from different types of infections have not yet been determined. This study compared the phylogenetic and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from bacteremic biliary tract infections with those from bacteremic urinary tract infections. The phylogenetic B2 group was the most prevalent in both pathogenic groups (68 % in biliary pathogenic isolates and 85 % in uropathogenic isolates), but the frequency pattern of the phylogenetic group was different. Half of the uropathogenic isolates belonged to ST95 and ST131 (51 %). Among the biliary pathogenic isolates, ST131 was the most prevalent, while the remaining half belonged to other STs outside the four major STs. The frequency of some virulence factors, such as papC, papG2, hlyA, tcpC, fyuA, kpsMT2, sat, and traT, was lower in the biliary pathogenic isolates than in the uropathogenic isolates. The frequency of phylogenetic groups and STs in MLST differed between E. coli isolates from bacteremic biliary tract infections and urinary tract infections. Additionally, some virulence factors, including adhesion and toxin gene groups, showed lower frequencies in the biliary pathogenic group than in the uropathogenic group. Studying the differences in E. coli pathovars from different infection sites is important for developing pathovar-specific targeted therapies such as vaccine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infectious diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumie Fujimoto
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Okada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Tatsuno
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Higurashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectious diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infectious diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Shenawy FA, El-Sherbeny EME, Kassem S. Efficacy of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles on virulence genes of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:108. [PMID: 37542317 PMCID: PMC10401765 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colibacillosis is one of the broilers' most dominant bacterial diseases, either as a primary or a secondary infection. As E. coli antimicrobial drug resistance is rising; there is a need to develop new approaches to its control. In light of this, a comparative study of the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Arabic gum stabilized zinc and copper nanoparticles (AG-ZnNPs and AG-CuNPs) against PCR-identified field avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains and virulence genes (ibeA, hlyA, iss, pap C and ompA) was applied to study the therapeutic effect of zinc and copper nanoparticles to be used as an antibiotic alternative (Nanobiotic). Furthermore, the in-vivo effects of CuNPs were evaluated. Additionally, the CuNPs liver and muscle residues with or without infection were examined. The eighty broilers were divided into four groups; G1: negative control, G2: infected control with E. coli O17, G3: non-infected treated (AG-CuNPs 50 mg/kg body weight), and G4: infected treated (AG-CuNPs 50 mg/kg body weight). AG-CuNPs treatment was given to broilers for five days in drinking water. RESULTS E. coli was isolated from diseased broilers at an average incidence rate of 20% from intestinal and liver samples. All identified serotypes (O17, O78, O91, O121, and O159) were resistant to AG-ZnNPs and sensitive to AG-CuNPs. AG-CuNPs minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) for O17 were 7.5 and 60 mg/ml, respectively. Conventional uniplex PCR results showed that strain O17 contained virulence genes (ibeA, hlyA, iss, and papC), where AG-CuNPs significantly reduced the expression of all target genes when examined by Real-time quantitative PCR. Additionally, the bactericidal activity of AG-CuNPs on O17 was 100% at 20 minutes and 40 mg/ml and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, no mortality was recorded in treated groups compared to G2. Subsequently, no E. coli was re-isolated from the liver in the G4 after treatment. The total protein, albumin, globulin, and lysozyme activity were significantly increased in G4 compared to G2, while the activities of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) were markedly decreased in G4 compared to G2. Additionally, uric acid, creatinine, and C-reactive protein levels were decreased in G4 compared to G2. However, the liver enzymes, kidney functions, C-reactive protein levels, and Cu residues were non-significantly changed in G4 compared to G1. CONCLUSION Green synthesized AG-CuNPs are recommended as an effective antimicrobial alternative against APEC strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia A El-Shenawy
- Bacteriology unit, Tanta lab. (AHRI), Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M El El-Sherbeny
- Pharmacology unit, Tanta lab. (AHRI), Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Samr Kassem
- Nanomaterials research and Synthesis unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Molecular typification of Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Mexico. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106667. [PMID: 36038094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and five uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection were characterized according to their phylogenetic groups, virulence factors, serogroups, antibiotics resistance, and genotype. The pathogenic phylogenetic groups (B2, D, and F) were found in 71.4% of the tested strains. Among them, the main uropathogenic serogroups were O8, O25, and O75, in which 97.1% of the strains had a multidrug-resistant profile. Moreover, 16 virulence genes were analyzed using a combination of PCR assays, with the fimH, irp-2, iutA, aer, iucC, PAI, sat, iroN, usp, and cnf1 genes being mainly found in pathogenic phylogroups. The E. coli O25b-ST131 clone was identified in 32% of the strains assigned to the pathogenic phylogroup B2. Our findings demonstrate that virulence genes encoding adhesin components, iron acquisition systems, toxins, and pathogenicity-associated islands were highly prevalent among the pathogenic phylogroup of UPEC strains.
Collapse
|
5
|
Freire CA, Silva RM, Ruiz RC, Pimenta DC, Bryant JA, Henderson IR, Barbosa AS, Elias WP. Secreted Autotransporter Toxin (Sat) Mediates Innate Immune System Evasion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844878. [PMID: 35251044 PMCID: PMC8891578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies are used by Escherichia coli to evade the host innate immune system in the blood, such as the cleavage of complement system proteins by secreted proteases. Members of the Serine Proteases Autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) family have been described as presenting proteolytic effects against complement proteins. Among the SPATE-encoding genes sat (secreted autotransporter toxin) has been detected in high frequencies among strains of E. coli isolated from bacteremia. Sat has been characterized for its cytotoxic action, but the possible immunomodulatory effects of Sat have not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the proteolytic effects of Sat on complement proteins and the role in pathogenesis of BSI caused by extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC). E. coli EC071 was selected as a Sat-producing ExPEC strain. Whole-genome sequencing showed that sat sequences of EC071 and uropathogenic E. coli CFT073 present 99% identity. EC071 was shown to be resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (NHS). Purified native Sat was used in proteolytic assays with proteins of the complement system and, except for C1q, all tested substrates were cleaved by Sat in a dose and time-dependent manner. Moreover, E. coli DH5α survived in NHS pre-incubated with Sat. EC071-derivative strains harboring sat knockout and in trans complementations producing either active or non-active Sat were tested in a murine sepsis model. Lethality was reduced by 50% when mice were inoculated with the sat mutant strain. The complemented strain producing active Sat partially restored the effect caused by the wild-type strain. The results presented in this study show that Sat presents immunomodulatory effects by cleaving several proteins of the three complement system pathways. Therefore, Sat plays an important role in the establishment of bloodstream infections and sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Freire
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa M Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita C Ruiz
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Pimenta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jack A Bryant
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela S Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldir P Elias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Oliveira Sant’Anna L, Cappelli EA, Batista Araújo MR, Ramos JN, Simpson-Lourêdo L, Cucinelli ADES, Pereira Baio PV, Vieira VV, Sanches dos Santos L, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Virulence potential of the first Corynebacterium mycetoides strain isolated from human urine: a rare species of Corynebacterium. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:105001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
7
|
Genetic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant E. coli Isolates from Bloodstream Infections in Lithuania. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020449. [PMID: 35208903 PMCID: PMC8880137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolates are a main cause of bloodstream infections. The aim of this study was to characterize 256 β-lactam–resistant, bacteremia-causing E. coli isolates collected from 12 healthcare institutions in Lithuania in 2014 and 2018. All isolates were identified as E. coli via MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK ®2. In addition, the isolates were analyzed for the presence of 29 resistance genes and 13 virulence genes, divided into phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F), and characterized using rep-PCR genotyping methods (BOX-PCR and (GTG)5-PCR). Analyzing the results of this study showed tetA-strB-sul2-TEM-NDM-strA-fosA-AIM-sul3-aadA-CTX-M-9 to be the most common resistance gene combination (67.2% of all isolates). Additionally, the most common virulence genes established were fimH (98.4% of all isolates), fyuA (91.8%), and traT (81.3%) and the most common gene combination was fuyA-fimH-iroN (58.6% of all isolates). Next, the isolates were separated into four phylogenetic groups: A, B1, B2, and F, where group A isolates were detected at a significantly higher frequency (79.3% of all isolates). Finally, a total of 235 genotyping profiles were established using rep-PCR methods, and all profiles were separated into fourteen genotypic clusters, with each cluster containing profiles with a variety of virulence and resistance genes not restricted to any specific cluster. The results of this study elucidate E. coli antimicrobial resistance patterns by highlighting the variability and diversity of resistance and virulence genes and providing phylogenetic classification, genetic profiling, and clustering data. These results may improve clinical control of multidrug-resistant infections in healthcare institutions and contribute to the prevention of potential outbreaks.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma X, Wu M, Wang C, Li H, Fan A, Wang Y, Han C, Xue F. The pathogenesis of prevalent aerobic bacteria in aerobic vaginitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a narrative review. Reprod Health 2022; 19:21. [PMID: 35090514 PMCID: PMC8796570 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic vaginitis is a common cause of vaginal discharge in reproductive-age women, increasing the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes such as premature delivery, abortion, premature rupture of membranes and stillbirth. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of aerobic vaginitis causing negative pregnancy outcomes are still unclear, and there is no unified and standardized treatment method for aerobic vaginitis in the pregnancy period. Methods We conducted a literature search of published studies in the English language focusing on aerobic vaginitis and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes utilizing PubMed and Web of Science from January 1973 through June 2021. The common pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis during pregnancy, such as group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as the related adverse pregnancy outcomes and existing treatments were reviewed. Results A total of 4534 articles were identified, and 97 studies that had inclusion criteria were subjected to careful review. The pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis can produce different toxins or affect the local immunity of patients and then lead to the occurrence of infection. Fresh wet mount microscopy is the preferred diagnostic method for aerobic vaginitis. Clindamycin is a common antibiotic used for aerobic vaginitis in pregnant women. The use of products combining probiotics has achieved excellent treatment success. Conclusions Future research in this field can provide insights regarding the mechanism of aerobic vaginitis-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and ways to prevent their occurrence. Aerobic vaginitis is an infection of the vagina that increases the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. The aetiology and pathogenesis of aerobic vaginitis causing negative pregnancy outcomes are still unclear. This paper reviews the common pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis during pregnancy, and the related adverse pregnancy outcomes. We also review the existing treatment. Currently, it is believed that the microflora in aerobic vaginitis is composed of commensal aerobic microorganisms of intestinal origin, and the most frequently encountered bacteria are group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis can produce different toxins or affect the local immunity of patients and then lead to the occurrence of infection. Fresh wet mount microscopy is the preferred diagnostic method for aerobic vaginitis. Clindamycin is a common antibiotic used for aerobic vaginitis in pregnant women. The use of products combining probiotics has achieved excellent treatment success. This study provides a reference for future research and early diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy. Future research in this field can provide insights regarding the mechanisms of aerobic vaginitis-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and ways to prevent their occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiyang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiping Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China
| | - Cha Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Characterization of virulence determinants and phylogenetic background of multiple and extensively drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical sources in Egypt. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1279-1298. [PMID: 35050388 PMCID: PMC8816750 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Escherichia coli is a multifaceted microbe since some are commensals, normally inhabiting the gut of both humans and animals while others are pathogenic responsible for a wide range of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. It is one of the leading causes of septicemia, neonatal meningitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), cystitis, pyelonephritis, and traveler’s diarrhea. The present study aims to survey the distribution and unravel the association of phylotypes, virulence determinants, and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Egypt. One hundred and fifty E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical sources. Antimicrobial resistance profile, virulence determinants, and virulence encoding genes were detected. Moreover, phylogenetic and molecular typing using ERIC-PCR analysis was performed. Our results have revealed that phylogroup B2 (26.67%) with the greatest content in virulence traits was the most prevalent phylogenetic group. Different virulence profiles and varying incidence of virulence determinants were detected among tested isolates. High rates of resistance to different categories of antimicrobial agents, dramatic increase of MDR (92.67%), and emergence of XDR (4%) were detected. ERIC-PCR analysis revealed great diversity among tested isolates. There was no clustering of isolates according to resistance, virulence patterns, or phylotypes. Our research has demonstrated significant phylogenetic diversity of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. E. coli isolates are equipped with various virulence factors which contribute to their pathogenesis in human. The elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of MDR and XDR mirror the trend detected globally in recent years. Key points • Clinical E. coli isolates exhibited substantial molecular and phylogenetic diversity. • Elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of XDR in pathogenic E. coli. • B2 Phylogroup with the highest VS was the most prevalent among pathogenic E. coli. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11740-x.
Collapse
|
10
|
Onlen Guneri C, Koksal F, Kizilyildirim S, Bedir B, Nagiyev T. The Distribution of Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors (CNF-1, CNF-2, CNF-3) and Cytolethal Distending Toxins (CDT-1, CDT-2, CDT-3, CDT-4) in Escherichia coli Isolates Isolated from Extraintestinal Infections and the Determination of their Phylogenetic Relationship by PFGE. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:7200635. [PMID: 36474550 PMCID: PMC9683945 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7200635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Diagnostic markers of extraintestinal infection in Escherichia coli (E. coli) remain unclear in the literature. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) is differentiated from other E. coli isolates in terms of virulence factors, such as host cell adhesion, invasion, cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF (cnf1-cnf3)) and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT (cdt1-cdt4) that are responsible for cell death. We aimed to investigate the frequency of CNF-CDT and the relationship between the clinical diagnosis and genotypes in E. coli isolates with different clinical origins. METHODS A total of 646 E. coli isolates (obtained from 645 patients) isolated from different infection sites other than the intestine were evaluated in aspects of the CNF, CDT virulence genes, phylogenetic grouping, and phylogenetic relationship by using PCR and PFGE. RESULTS At least one virulence gene was present in 156 (24%) of the 646 ExPEC isolates. We detected cnf1, cnf2, and cnf3, in 78, 12, and 20 ExPEC isolates, respectively. Also, cdt1, cdt2, cdt3, and cdt4 genes were present in 20, 4, 4, and 4 isolates, respectively. Some isolates harbored more than one gene, being cnf1-cnf3 (n = 6), cnf1-cdt1 (n = 4), and cdt1-cdt4 (n = 4). These 156 isolates were distributed into 106 large clusters by PFGE. Virulent ExPEC is primarily related to groups B2 (60%) and D (32%). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study demonstrated the presence of cnf2, cnf3, cdt1, cdt2, cdt3, and cdt4 genes for the first time in the literature for Turkey. The widespread presence of the CNF gene in E. coli helps distinguish ExPEC from commensal isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Onlen Guneri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Medical Microbiology, Gulhane Vocational School of Health Services, University of Health Sciences, 06018 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Koksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, 01380 Adana, Turkey
| | - Suna Kizilyildirim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Basak Bedir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, 01380 Adana, Turkey
| | - Togrul Nagiyev
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, 01380 Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The causative agents of recurrent Escherichia coli bacteremia can be genetically identical or discordant, but the differences between them remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these differences, with regard to their clinical and microbiological features. Patients were recruited from a Japanese tertiary teaching hospital based on blood culture data and the incidence of recurrent E. coli bacteremia. We compared the patients' clinical and microbiological characteristics between the two groups (those with identical or discordant E. coli bacteremia) divided by the result of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR. Among 70 pairs of recurrent E. coli bacteremia strains, 49 pairs (70%) were genetically identical. Patients with genetically identical or discordant E. coli bacteremia were more likely to have renal failure or neoplasms, respectively. The virulence factor (VF) scores of genetically identical E. coli strains were significantly higher than those of genetically discordant strains, with the prevalence of eight VF genes being significantly higher in genetically identical E. coli strains. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm formation potential. This study showed that genetically identical E. coli bacteremia strains have more VF genes than genetically discordant strains in recurrent E. coli bacteremia. IMPORTANCEEscherichia coli causes bloodstream infection, although not all strains are pathogenic to humans. In some cases, this infection reoccurs, and several reports have described the clinical characteristics and/or molecular microbiology of recurrent Escherichia coli bacteremia. However, these studies focused on patients with specific characteristics, and they included cases caused by microorganisms other than Escherichia coli. Hence, little is known about the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from the recurrent one. The significance of our study is in evaluating the largest cohorts to date, as no cohort studies have been conducted on this topic.
Collapse
|
12
|
K1 Antigen Is Associated with Different AST Profile in Escherichia coli: A One-Month-Long Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091884. [PMID: 34576781 PMCID: PMC8469396 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is responsible for diseases of varying severity. The “K” antigen designates the capsular polysaccharides on the bacterial surface, which are mostly similar to those of highly pathogenic bacteria. The K1 antigen is often found in pathogenic E. coli. Aim: While the published studies on the AST profile of K1-positive E. coli have focused on pregnant women or newborns, this study aimed to characterize the AST profile of K1-positive E. coli independently of the clinical sample of isolation. Over a 4-week-long period, all patients hospitalized/consulting at the Poitiers University Hospital presenting a determined AST on E. coli were prospectively included to define their K1-status (Pastorex Meningitis) and to collect the clinical (age/sex) or biological metadata (AST/MIC). Among the 296 included samples, no differential representation was observed between K1 results regarding sample nature. K1-negative results were associated with multiple antibiotic-resistance (12.3% vs. 33.0%; p < 0.01). AST phenotypes differed between these groups, with a higher proportion of K1-negativity among resistant strains, especially on β-lactams (ureidopenicillin, 25.8% vs. 14.9%; and ampicillin/inhibitor, 50.0% vs. 26.8%; p < 0.05) or quinolone (19.8% vs. 7.0%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (30.2% vs. 12.3%) (p < 0.01). This study analyzed E. coli ASTs in clinical samples of all types, regarding their K1-antigen status.
Collapse
|
13
|
The prevalence of the iutA and ibeA genes in Escherichia coli isolates from severe and non-severe patients with bacteremic acute biliary tract infection is significantly different. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:32. [PMID: 34006312 PMCID: PMC8132388 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated microorganism in acute biliary tract infections with bacteremia, data regarding its virulence are limited. Results Information on cases of bacteremia in acute biliary tract infection in a retrospective study was collected from 2013 to 2015 at a tertiary care hospital in Japan. Factors related to the severity of infection were investigated, including patient background, phylogenetic typing, and virulence factors of E. coli, such as adhesion, invasion, toxins, and iron acquisition. In total, 72 E. coli strains were identified in 71 cases, most of which primarily belonged to the B2 phylogroup (68.1%). The presence of the iutA gene (77.3% in the non-severe group, 46.4% in the severe group, P = 0.011) and the ibeA gene (9.1% in the non-severe group, and 35.7% in the severe group, P = 0.012) was significantly associated with the severity of infection. Among the patient characteristics, diabetes mellitus with organ involvement and alkaline phosphatase were different in the severe and non-severe groups. Conclusions We showed that bacteremic E. coli strains from acute biliary tract infections belonged to the virulent (B2) phylogroup. The prevalence of the iutA and ibeA genes between the two groups of bacteremia severity was significantly different.
Collapse
|
14
|
O-serotype distribution of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection isolates in critically ill patients in The Netherlands. Vaccine 2021; 39:1670-1674. [PMID: 33642161 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Invasive infections by extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains are increasing. We determined O-serogroups of E. coli isolates from ICU patients having bloodstream infections (BSI) and the potential coverage of a 10-valent O-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine currently in development for the prevention of invasive ExPEC disease. METHODS We studied E. coli BSI among patients admitted to a tertiary ICU in the Netherlands between April 2011 and November 2016. O-serogroups were determined in vitro by agglutination and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS Among 714 ICU patients having BSI, 70 (10%) had an E. coli BSI. Among 68 (97%) isolates serogrouped, the most common serogroups were O25 (n = 11; 16%), O8 (n = 5; 7%), O2 (n = 4; 6%), O6 (n = 4; 6%), and O15 (n = 4; 6%). The theoretical coverage of a 10-valent ExPEC vaccine was 54% (n = 37). CONCLUSIONS A multi-valent ExPEC O-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in development could potentially aid in the prevention of E. coli BSI in Dutch ICU patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Desvaux M, Dalmasso G, Beyrouthy R, Barnich N, Delmas J, Bonnet R. Pathogenicity Factors of Genomic Islands in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2065. [PMID: 33101219 PMCID: PMC7545054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a versatile bacterial species that includes both harmless commensal strains and pathogenic strains found in the gastrointestinal tract in humans and warm-blooded animals. The growing amount of DNA sequence information generated in the era of "genomics" has helped to increase our understanding of the factors and mechanisms involved in the diversification of this bacterial species. The pathogenic side of E. coli that is afforded through horizontal transfers of genes encoding virulence factors enables this bacterium to become a highly diverse and adapted pathogen that is responsible for intestinal or extraintestinal diseases in humans and animals. Many of the accessory genes acquired by horizontal transfers form syntenic blocks and are recognized as genomic islands (GIs). These genomic regions contribute to the rapid evolution, diversification and adaptation of E. coli variants because they are frequently subject to rearrangements, excision and transfer, as well as to further acquisition of additional DNA. Here, we review a subgroup of GIs from E. coli termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs), a concept defined in the late 1980s by Jörg Hacker and colleagues in Werner Goebel's group at the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. As with other GIs, the PAIs comprise large genomic regions that differ from the rest of the genome by their G + C content, by their typical insertion within transfer RNA genes, and by their harboring of direct repeats (at their ends), integrase determinants, or other mobility loci. The hallmark of PAIs is their contribution to the emergence of virulent bacteria and to the development of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure and functional features of PAIs, on PAI-encoded E. coli pathogenicity factors and on the role of PAIs in host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Dalmasso
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Racha Beyrouthy
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bakhshi M, Zandi H, Bafghi MF, Astani A, Ranjbar VR, Vakili M. A survey for phylogenetic relationship; presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance patterns of avian pathogenic and uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and humans in Yazd, Iran. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
17
|
Hastak P, Cummins ML, Gottlieb T, Cheong E, Merlino J, Myers GSA, Djordjevic SP, Roy Chowdhury P. Genomic profiling of Escherichia coli isolates from bacteraemia patients: a 3-year cohort study of isolates collected at a Sydney teaching hospital. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000371. [PMID: 32374251 PMCID: PMC7371115 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to assess the genetic variability of Escherichia coli isolated from bloodstream infections (BSIs) presenting at Concord Hospital, Sydney during 2013-2016. Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize 81 E. coli isolates sourced from community-onset (CO) and hospital-onset (HO) BSIs. The cohort comprised 64 CO and 17 HO isolates, including 35 multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates exhibiting phenotypic resistance to three or more antibiotic classes. Phylogenetic analysis identified two major ancestral clades. One was genetically diverse with 25 isolates distributed in 16 different sequence types (STs) representing phylogroups A, B1, B2, C and F, while the other comprised phylogroup B2 isolates in subclades representing the ST131, ST73 and ST95 lineages. Forty-seven isolates contained a class 1 integron, of which 14 carried blaCTX -M-gene. Isolates with a class 1 integron carried more antibiotic resistance genes than isolates without an integron and, in most instances, resistance genes were localized within complex resistance loci (CRL). Resistance to fluoroquinolones could be attributed to point mutations in chromosomal parC and gyrB genes and, in addition, two isolates carried a plasmid-associated qnrB4 gene. Co-resistance to fluoroquinolone and broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics was associated with ST131 (HO and CO), ST38 (HO), ST393 (CO), ST2003 (CO) and ST8196 (CO and HO), a novel ST identified in this study. Notably, 10/81 (12.3 %) isolates with ST95 (5 isolates), ST131 (2 isolates), ST88 (2 isolates) and a ST540 likely carry IncFII-IncFIB plasmid replicons with a full spectrum of virulence genes consistent with the carriage of ColV-like plasmids. Our data indicate that IncF plasmids play an important role in shaping virulence and resistance gene carriage in BSI E. coli in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Hastak
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Max L. Cummins
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Thomas Gottlieb
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Concord Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Hospital Road, Concord 2139, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Elaine Cheong
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Concord Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Hospital Road, Concord 2139, NSW, Australia
| | - John Merlino
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Concord Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Hospital Road, Concord 2139, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Garry S. A. Myers
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Steven P. Djordjevic
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Freire CA, Santos ACM, Pignatari AC, Silva RM, Elias WP. Serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs) are largely distributed among Escherichia coli isolated from the bloodstream. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:447-454. [PMID: 31965549 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the major cause of Gram-negative-related sepsis. Bacterial survival in the bloodstream is mediated by a variety of virulence traits, including those mediating immune system evasion. Serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) constitute a superfamily of virulence factors that can cause tissue damage and cleavage of molecules of the complement system, which is a key feature for the establishment of infection in the bloodstream. In this study, we analyzed 278 E. coli strains isolated from human bacteremia from inpatients of both genders, different ages, and clinical conditions. These strains were screened for the presence of SPATE-encoding genes as well as for phylogenetic classification and intrinsic virulence of ExPEC. SPATE-encoding genes were detected in 61.2% of the strains and most of these strains (44.6%) presented distinct SPATE-encoding gene profiles. sat was the most frequent gene among the entire collection, found in 34.2%, followed by vat (28.4%), pic (8.3%), and tsh (4.7%). Although in low frequencies, espC (0.7%), eatA (1.1%), and espI (1.1%) were detected and are being reported for the first time in extraintestinal isolates. The presence of SPATE-encoding genes was positively associated to phylogroup B2 and intrinsic virulent strains. These findings suggest that SPATEs are highly prevalent and involved in diverse steps of the pathogenesis of bacteremia caused by E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Freire
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina M Santos
- Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Pignatari
- Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosa M Silva
- Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Waldir P Elias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Distribution of Adhesin-Encoding Genes and O-Serotypes Among Ciprofloxacin Susceptible and Resistant Isolates. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.89179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
20
|
Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Cruz-Córdova A, Cázares-Domínguez V, Escalona-Venegas G, Zavala-Vega S, Arellano-Galindo J, Romo-Castillo M, Hernández-Castro R, Ochoa SA, Luna-Pineda VM. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains harboring tosA gene were associated to high virulence genes and a multidrug-resistant profile. Microb Pathog 2019; 134:103593. [PMID: 31195111 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TosA, a putative repeats-in-toxin protein that has recently gained importance as an antigenic molecule, has characteristics of nonfimbrial adhesins and can act as a virulence marker in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains; however, little is known about the association of this protein with antibiotic resistance profiles in UPEC tosA+ clinical strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate UPEC tosA+ strains, including examining genetic diversity, associations with phylogenetic groups, resistance profiles, virulence genes, adherence assays, integrons, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotypes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis grouped these strains into eight clusters with 62% genetic diversity. These strains were mainly associated with the multidrug-resistant profiles, together with an association with class 1 integron and the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype. Additionally, the strains exhibited a distribution of ≥96% for core-associated genes, while a variable distribution was identified for pathogenic islands-associated genes. Strong associations between UPEC tosA+ strains and two phylogenetic groups (B2 and D) were identified, including resistance to β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics. The UPEC tosA+ clinical strains exhibited major adherence, which was related to the fitness and virulence genes. A recombinant TosA protein reacted with antibodies from the sera of urinary tract infection patients, and anti-recombinant TosA polyclonal antibodies also detected TosA expression in these strains. In conclusion, strains of UPEC tosA+ belonging to phylogenetic group B2 had a high frequency of fitness and virulence genes associated with class 1 integrons and the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype, which exhibited a high adherence profile. The TosA protein is expressed during infection with UPEC and is considered an immunogenic molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vicenta Cázares-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Escalona-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Zavala-Vega
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico; Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mariana Romo-Castillo
- CONACyT-IMSS, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Víctor M Luna-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Daga AP, Koga VL, Soncini JGM, de Matos CM, Perugini MRE, Pelisson M, Kobayashi RKT, Vespero EC. Escherichia coli Bloodstream Infections in Patients at a University Hospital: Virulence Factors and Clinical Characteristics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:191. [PMID: 31245301 PMCID: PMC6563721 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolates are responsible for many bloodstream infections. The aim of this study was to characterize E. coli isolated from the bloodstreams of patients (n = 48) at the University Hospital in Brazil. Epidemiological data were obtained through the analysis of medical records and laboratory tests. By PCR analysis, we investigated the presence of virulence factors (VFs), pathogenicity islands (PAIs), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), phylogenetic classifications (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F) and molecular genotype by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). The mortality analysis showed that 33.3% of the deaths were associated with bacteraemia due to E. coli infections; in addition, an age between 60 and 75 years (p < 0.001; OR = 6.3[2.1–18.9]) and bacteraemia with an abdominal origin (p = 0.02; OR = 5[1.2–20.5]) were risk factors for the severity of the infection. Additionally, the presence of the afa gene was associated with mortality due to E. coli bacteraemia (p = 0.027; OR = 11.4[1.5–85.7]). Immunosuppression (27.1%), intestinal diseases (25.0%) and diabetes (18.8%), were prevalent among patients, and most of the bacteraemia cases were secondary to urinary tract infections (50.0%). The serum resistance gene traT was present in 77.1% of isolates, group capsular 2 (kpsMT II) was present in 45.8% and the K5 capsule was present in 20.8% of isolates. The isolates also showed a high prevalence for the siderophore yersiniabactina (fyuA) (70.8%) and PAI IV536 (77.1%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that group B2 (45.8%) was the most prevalent, and was the phylogroup that had a higher prevalence of VFs and PAIs. However, in this study, a considerable number of isolated bacteria were classified as group B1 (18.8%) and as group E (14.6%). Eight (16.7%) isolates were resistant to third and fourth generation cephalosporin and group CTX-M-1 (CTX-M-15) was the most prevalent ESBL type. The molecular genotyping showed two clonal lineages and several isolates that were not related to each other. This study provides additional information on the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of E. coli bloodstream infections in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Daga
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lumi Koga
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Material Soncini
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Caroline Martins de Matos
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina Eches Perugini
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marsileni Pelisson
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Carolina Vespero
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shahin NP, Majid E, Amin TBA, Bita B. Host characteristics and virulence typing of Escherichia coli isolated from diabetic patients. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Vounba P, Arsenault J, Bada-Alambédji R, Fairbrother JM. Antimicrobial Resistance and Potential Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Broilers in Québec, Canada. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1111-1121. [PMID: 31038391 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue, particularly when it affects critically important antimicrobials such as third-generation cephalosporins (3GC). The objective of this study was to characterize Escherichia coli isolates from healthy chickens in Québec in farms where ceftiofur has been administered to chickens in ovo over a long period with regard to their AMR, multidrug resistance (MDR), potential virulence, clonality, and possession of plasmids of the incompatibility groups carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)/AmpC genes. More than 62% of indicator isolates were MDR with resistance observed for each of the nine classes of antimicrobials tested by disk diffusion. 3GC resistance was encoded by the blaCMY-2 gene (26.7% in indicator isolates), whereas blaCTX-M was only detected in isolates selected after supplementation with ceftriaxone (3 blaCTX-M-1 isolates). Examination of blaCMY-2-positive isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed clustering of isolates originating from different floors of the livestock building within farms. The blaCMY-2 gene was carried on replicon plasmids FIB, I1, K/B, and B/O, whereas blaCTX-M-1 gene was located on I1 as demonstrated by transformation experiments; some of these plasmids cotransferred nonsusceptibility against tetracycline or sulfonamides. In addition, six isolates, of which three were AmpC-producers, were defined as potential human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. In summary, this study showed that ESBLs/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates from apparently healthy chickens in Québec, Canada predominantly possess blaCMY-2 rather than blaCTX-M maybe because of the in ovo use of ceftiofur to prevent omphalitis and may be spread through clones or plasmids, and that some of these isolates could be capable of infecting humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Passoret Vounba
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Rianatou Bada-Alambédji
- Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV) de Dakar-Sénégal, Dakar, Senegal
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nojoomi F, Ghasemian A. The relation of phylogroups, serogroups, virulence factors and resistance pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from children with septicemia. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 29:100517. [PMID: 31080621 PMCID: PMC6501060 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of virulent and drug-resistant Escherichia coli strains helps to control and provide more accurate information regarding infection and eradication. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between antibiotic susceptibility, phylogroups and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from children with septicaemia. One hundred dereplicated E. coli isolates were collected from paediatric patients with septicaemia in five hospitals in Tehran (May 2015 to May 2018). The antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was performed as per the 2016 guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase genes, phylogroups, serogroups and virulence encoding genes were detected by PCR. Phylogroup B2 was dominant (40%) among strains, followed by phylogroups D (30%), A (8%) and B1 (7%). CTX-M1 was significantly higher in the B2 group (n = 21, p 0.001). Furthermore, the virulence genes iutA (n = 27, p 0.002), csgA (n = 39, p <0.001), kpsMII (n = 39, p 0.002), ibeA (n = 4, p 0.004), vat (n = 5, p 0.003), traT (n = 24, p <0.001), sat (n = 12, p 0.001) and hlyA (n = 33, p <0.001) showed significantly higher rates in phylogroup B2. Three O25/CTXM1/OXA-48 and cnf, iutA, csgA and traT positive isolates belonged to phylogroup B2. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed 85% similarity among 25% of isolates. More than half of the isolates were multidrug-resistant E. coli. A significant relation was observed among iutA, csgA, kpsMII, ibeA, vat, traT, sat and hlyA genes and phylogroup B2. The characterization of virulent and drug-resistant strains helps control and properly eliminate infections. There was no genetic relation among strains in the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Nojoomi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ghasemian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bozcal E, Eldem V, Aydemir S, Skurnik M. The relationship between phylogenetic classification, virulence and antibiotic resistance of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in İzmir province, Turkey. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5470. [PMID: 30155366 PMCID: PMC6110251 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important bacterium and responsible for many bloodstream infections, including urinary tract infections and even fatal bacteremia. The aim of this research was to investigate whether ExPEC strains isolated from Turkish blood cultures have a relationship between 16S rRNA based phylogenetic clusters and antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence factors or clonal lineages. Methods Phenotypically identified ExPEC blood culture isolates (n = 104) were included in this study. The 16S rRNA partial sequence analysis was performed for genotypic identification of ExPEC isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase testing of isolates were performed. Phylogenetic classification (A, B1, B2 and D), Multi Locus Sequence Typing analysis and virulence-associated genes were investigated. Results Based on 16S rRNA partial sequence analysis, 97 out of 104 (93.26%) ExPEC isolates were confirmed as E. coli. Ampicillin (74.22%) and cefuroxime axetil (65.97%) resistances had the highest frequencies among the ExPEC isolates. In terms of phylogenetic classification of ExPEC, D (38.14%, 37/97) was the most prevalent group after A (29.89%, 29/97), B2 (20.61%, 20/97), and B1 (11.34%, 11/97). The sequence types of the 20 ExPEC isolates belonging to the B2 phylogenetic group were analyzed by Multi Locus Sequence Typing. Ten isolates out of 20 (50.0%) were identified as ST131. The other STs were ST95 (n = 1), ST14 (n = 1), ST10 (n = 1), ST69 (n = 1), ST1722 (n = 2), ST141 (n = 1), ST88 (n = 1), ST80 (n = 1), and ST998 (n = 1). Of the ST131 strains, six (60%, 6/10) represented serogroup O25. The most common virulence factor genes were serum resistance factor gene, traT (55.7%) aerobactin siderophore receptor and yersiniabactin encoding genes iutA (45.3%) and fyuA (50.5%), respectively. In addition, PAI (41.2%), iroN (23.7%), hlyA (15.4%), kpsII (13.4%), ompT (13.4%), papG (12.4%), iss (9.3%), cnf1 (7.2%), ibeA (2.06%), and sfaS (2.06%) genes were present in the ExPEC isolates. Conclusion The 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic relationship tree analysis showed that a large cluster was present among 97 ExPEC isolates along with related reference strains. There were 21 main clusters with 32 closely related subclusters. Based on our findings, different clonal lineages of ExPEC can display different antibiotic susceptibilities and virulence properties. We also concluded that virulence factors were not distributed depending on phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D). The ExPEC isolates belonging to the same phylogenetic group and sequence type could display different resistance and virulence characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozcal
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vahap Eldem
- Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sohret Aydemir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Comparative Genomics of Escherichia coli Isolated from Skin and Soft Tissue and Other Extraintestinal Infections. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.01070-17. [PMID: 28811343 PMCID: PMC5559633 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01070-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli, an intestinal Gram-negative bacterium, has been shown to be associated with a variety of diseases in addition to intestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), meningitis in neonates, septicemia, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and colisepticemia. Thus, for nonintestinal infections, it is categorized as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). It is also an opportunistic pathogen, causing cross infections, notably as an agent of zoonotic diseases. However, comparative genomic data providing functional and genetic coordinates for ExPEC strains associated with these different types of infections have not proven conclusive. In the study reported here, ExPEC E. coli isolated from SSTIs was characterized, including virulence and drug resistance profiles, and compared with isolates from patients suffering either pyelonephritis or septicemia. Results revealed that the majority of the isolates belonged to two pathogenic phylogroups, B2 and D. Approximately 67% of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), with 85% producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and 6% producing metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL). The blaCTX-M-15 genotype was observed in at least 70% of the E. coli isolates in each category, conferring resistance to an extended range of beta-lactam antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics of the ExPEC isolates revealed that two of the four isolates from SSTIs, NA633 and NA643, belong to pandemic sequence type ST131, whereas functional characteristics of three of the ExPEC pathotypes revealed that they had equal capabilities to form biofilm and were resistant to human serum. Overall, the isolates from a variety of ExPEC infections demonstrated similar resistomes and virulomes and did not display any disease-specific functional or genetic coordinates. Infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are of global concern as they result in significant costs to health care facilities management. The recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant pandemic clone, Escherichia coli ST131, is of primary concern as a global threat. In developing countries, such as India, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) associated with E. coli are marginally addressed. In this study, we employed both genomic analysis and phenotypic assays to determine relationships, if any, among the ExPEC pathotypes. Similarity between antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles was observed, ST131 isolates from SSTIs were reported, and genomic similarities among strains isolated from different disease conditions were detected. This study provides functional molecular infection epidemiology insight into SSTI-associated E. coli compared with ExPEC pathotypes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Miranda-Estrada LI, Ruíz-Rosas M, Molina-López J, Parra-Rojas I, González-Villalobos E, Castro-Alarcón N. Relationship between virulence factors, resistance to antibiotics and phylogenetic groups of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in two locations in Mexico. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
28
|
Söderström CM, Fagerberg SK, Brogaard MB, Leipziger J, Skals M, Praetorius HA. Loop Diuretics Diminish Hemolysis Induced by α-Hemolysin from Escherichia coli. J Membr Biol 2017; 250:301-313. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-017-9963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
29
|
Inhibition of P2X Receptors Protects Human Monocytes against Damage by Leukotoxin from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and α-Hemolysin from Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3114-3130. [PMID: 27528275 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00674-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Hemolysin (HlyA) from Escherichia coli and leukotoxin A (LtxA) from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are important virulence factors in ascending urinary tract infections and aggressive periodontitis, respectively. The extracellular signaling molecule ATP is released immediately after insertion of the toxins into plasma membranes and, via P2X receptors, is essential for the erythrocyte damage inflicted by these toxins. Moreover, ATP signaling is required for the ensuing recognition and phagocytosis of damaged erythrocytes by the monocytic cell line THP-1. Here, we investigate how these toxins affect THP-1 monocyte function. We demonstrate that both toxins trigger early ATP release and a following increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in THP-1 monocytes. The HlyA- and LtxA-induced [Ca2+]i response is diminished by the P2 receptor antagonist in a pattern that fits the functional P2 receptor expression in these cells. Both toxins are capable of lysing THP-1 cells, with LtxA being more aggressive. Either desensitization or blockage of P2X1, P2X4, or P2X7 receptors markedly reduces toxin-induced cytolysis. This pattern is paralleled in freshly isolated human monocytes from healthy volunteers. Interestingly, only a minor fraction of the toxin-damaged THP-1 monocytes eventually lyse. P2X7 receptor inhibition generally prevents cell damage, except from a distinct cell shrinkage that prevails in response to the toxins. Moreover, we find that preexposure to HlyA preserves the capacity of THP-1 monocytes to phagocytose damaged erythrocytes and may induce readiness to discriminate between damaged and healthy erythrocytes. These findings suggest a new pharmacological target for protecting monocytes during exposure to pore-forming cytolysins during infection or injury.
Collapse
|
30
|
Trends in ExPEC serogroups in the UK and their significance. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1661-6. [PMID: 27329302 PMCID: PMC5035653 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli are a significant cause of urinary tract infection and bacteraemia within the UK. We sought to identify the serogroups of 658 E. coli isolates collected in the UK between January 2011 and March 2012, to better understand the ExPEC population and understand the relevance of serogroups in this pathotype. Isolates were typed and serogroup identified using established phenotypic and molecular methods. Sixty-two serogroups were identified; 54 among urinary isolates and 35 among bloodstream isolates. However, serogroups O25, O6, and O2 dominated both infection types. These serogroups were linked to the major ExPEC STs as follows: ST131-O25, ST73-O6, ST127-O6, and ST95-O2. The serogroup data from this study have increased our understanding of the ExPEC population in the UK, but also highlighted key ST–serogroup relationships within the major ExPEC clones. These data can be used to guide vaccine design and in the development of laboratory diagnostic tests targeting the ExPEC population.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lucas EJ, Baxter C, Singh C, Mohamed AZ, Li B, Zhang J, Jayanthi VR, Koff SA, VanderBrink B, Justice SS. Comparison of the microbiological milieu of patients randomized to either hydrophilic or conventional PVC catheters for clean intermittent catheterization. J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:172.e1-8. [PMID: 26951923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Control of bacteriuria is problematic in patients who perform clean intermittent catheterization for management of neurogenic bladder. This population is often burdened with multiple urinary tract infections (UTIs), placing them at increased risk of end-stage renal disease. Hydrophilic catheters are a potential way to improve smooth and clean insertion, reduce disruption of the urothelium, and reduce bacterial colonization. OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was to compare the type and virulence of microorganisms recovered from the urine of patients that use either a hydrophilic or conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheter. METHODS Fifty patients with an underlying diagnosis of myelomeningocele were recruited for a 12-month prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded study. Twenty-five patients were allocated to the hydrophilic catheter intervention, and 25 continued use of a PVC catheter. Cultures were performed on urine obtained by catheterization at enrollment, and 3, 6, and 12 months. Bacterial species were assigned a designation as either potentially pathogenic or non-pathogenic. Escherichia coli isolates were the most predominant and were serotyped to further stratify the pathogenicity of the strains. Lastly, patients were surveyed at enrollment, and at the two later time points evaluating their current catheter for satisfaction. RESULTS A total of 232 different bacterial isolates were obtained from the 182 collected urine cultures. In addition, seven species were recovered from the two UTI reported during the study period. Bacterial growth was not detected in 29 of the samples (16%). Although not statistically significant, collectively there was a 40% decrease in the average number of potentially pathogenic species recovered from those patients using hydrophilic catheters (0.81 per urine sample) compared with PVC catheter use (1.24 per urine sample). Since E. coli species can be either pathogenic or non-pathogenic, we examined 14 of the most commonly implicated serotypes associated with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). We identified the serotype of 57% of E. coli strains recovered. There was a trend for the recovery of fewer UPEC serotypes from the hydrophilic group (54% hydrophilic verses 64% PVC), further suggesting that the catheter type may influence the microbiological milieu. Although no significant differences were reported in patient satisfaction, almost half of the patients from the hydrophilic catheter cohort continue use of this type of catheter. CONCLUSIONS There was a trend for reduced recovery of potentially pathogenic bacteria with the use of hydrophilic catheters. The reduction in potentially pathogenic species will reduce antibiotic exposures and some patients may prefer the comfort hydrophilic catheters provide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Lucas
- Division of Complex HealthCare, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Cheryl Baxter
- Section of Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chandra Singh
- Section of Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmad Z Mohamed
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Birong Li
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis at The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis at The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Venkata R Jayanthi
- Section of Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen A Koff
- Section of Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian VanderBrink
- Section of Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sheryl S Justice
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis at The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tibo LHS, Bertol JW, Bernedo-Navarro RA, Yano T. Cytotoxic factor secreted by Escherichia coli associated with sepsis facilitates transcytosis through human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. Braz J Infect Dis 2016; 20:298-302. [PMID: 26963151 PMCID: PMC9425382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture supernatant of sepsis-associated Escherichia coli (SEPEC) isolated from patients with sepsis caused loss of intercellular junctions and elongation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The cytotoxic factor was purified from culture supernatant of SEPEC 15 (serogroup O153) by liquid chromatography process. PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) showed that the purified SEPEC cytotoxic factor had a molecular mass of ∼150 kDa and consisted of at least two subunits. At the concentration of 1 CD50 (40 μg/mL) did facilitate transcytosis through the HUVEC cells monolayer of SEPEC 15 as much as E. coli K12 within 30 min without affecting cell viability. These results suggest that this cytotoxic factor, named as SPF (SEPEC's permeabilizing factor), may be an important SEPEC virulence factor that facilitates bacterial access to the bloodstream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Soares Tibo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Wildgrube Bertol
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tomomasa Yano
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Miranda-Estrada LI, Ruíz-Rosas M, Molina-López J, Parra-Rojas I, González-Villalobos E, Castro-Alarcón N. Relationship between virulence factors, resistance to antibiotics and phylogenetic groups of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in two locations in Mexico. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 35:426-433. [PMID: 27048964 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Escherichia coli is the major causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTI), and virulence factors are responsible for the severity of these emerging infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between virulence determinants and antibiotic susceptibility with phylogenetic groups of E.coli isolates of UTI in two locations in Mexico. METHODS An analysis was performed on 50 isolates of E.coli from the centre of the country and 57 from a town in the southwest. The isolates were characterized by phenotype (serotyping assays, in vitro adhesion, biofilm formation, production of haemolysin, and antibiotic susceptibility) and genotype (phylogenetic groups and virulence genes). RESULTS In the centre of the country location the phylogenetic group B2 (60%) and F (12%) were significantly more prevalent and had a higher frequency of genes, fimH (96%), iutA (66%), sat (36%), compared to the southwest location, where the group A (35%) and B1 (21%) were significantly predominant and had fewer virulence genes. About one-fifth (21.5%) of all isolates belonged to the O25-ST131 group. Haemolysin and biofilm producing strains were significantly higher in the southwest location. Resistance to ampicillin (92.5%), tetracycline (76.6%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (70.1%) were the most common in both groups. CONCLUSION The phylogenetic group, virulence factors, and antibiotic susceptibility of the E.coli that causes UTI in the community, varies significantly among the Mexican populations studied. Phylogenetic groups A and B1 may be multidrug resistant and have the ability to produce UTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iveth Miranda-Estrada
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - María Ruíz-Rosas
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Hospital ISSSTE, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - José Molina-López
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, D.F., México; Hospital Infantil de México «Federico Gómez», Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, D.F., México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Edgar González-Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, D.F., México; Hospital Infantil de México «Federico Gómez», Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, D.F., México
| | - Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mora-Rillo M, Fernández-Romero N, Navarro-San Francisco C, Díez-Sebastián J, Romero-Gómez MP, Fernández FA, López JRA, Mingorance J. Impact of virulence genes on sepsis severity and survival in Escherichia coli bacteremia. Virulence 2016; 6:93-100. [PMID: 25654604 DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014.991234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are a frequent cause of bacteremia and sepsis, but the role of ExPEC genetic virulence factors (VFs) in sepsis development and outcome is ill-defined. Prospective study including 120 adult patients with E. coli bacteremia to investigate the impact of bacterial and host factors on sepsis severity and mortality. Patients' clinical and demographic data were registered. Phylogenetic background of E. coli isolates was analyzed by SNP pyrosequencing and VFs by PCR. The E. coli isolates presented an epidemic population structure with 6 dominant clones making up to half of the isolates. VF gene profiles were highly diverse. Multivariate analysis for sepsis severity showed that the presence of cnf and blaTEM genes increased the risk of severe illness by 6.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79-24.71) and 2.59 (95% CI 1.04-6.43) times respectively, while each point in the Pitt score increased the risk by 1.34 (95% CI 1.02-1.76) times. Multivariate analysis for mortality showed that active chemotherapy (OR 17.87, 95% CI 3.35-95.45), McCabe-Jackson Index (OR for rapidly fatal category 120.15, 95% CI 4.19-3446.23), Pitt index (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.25-2.56) and presence of fyuA gene (OR 8.05, 95% CI 1.37-47.12) were associated to increased mortality while the presence of P fimbriae genes had a protective role (OR 0.094, 95%IC 0.018-0.494). Bacteremic E. coli had a high diversity of genetic backgrounds and VF gene profiles. Bacterial VFs and host determinants had an impact on disease evolution and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mora-Rillo
- a Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica; Servicio de Medicina Interna ; Hospital Universitario La Paz-IDIPAZ ; Madrid , Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tajbakhsh E, Ahmadi P, Abedpour-Dehkordi E, Arbab-Soleimani N, Khamesipour F. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility, serogroups and virulence genes of uropathogenic E. coli isolated from clinical samples in Iran. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2016; 5:11. [PMID: 27042294 PMCID: PMC4818419 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-016-0109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uropathogenic Escherichia coli O- Serogroups with their virulence factors are the most prevalent causes of UTIs. The present research performed to track common uropathogenic E.coli serogroups, antibiotic resistance pattern of strains and prevalence of virulence genes in isolations having the ability to constitute biofilm. METHODS In this research 130 E.coli isolation from patients having UTI symptoms were collected and antimicrobial resistance pattern was performed by Kirby-Bauer method. Polymerase chain reaction was done using primer pairs to identify common serogroups of uropathogenic E.coli and studying virulence genes in isolations creating biofilm. RESULTS Among 130 E.coli isolates, 80 (61.53 %) were able to make biofilm that 15 isolates (18.75 %) indicated strong reaction, 20 (25 %) of medium and 45 (56.25 %) of weak biofilm reaction. Among isolations creating biofilm, the highest resistance reported to Ampicillin (87.5 %) and the lowest to Nitrofurantoin (3.75 %). The frequency of fimH, pap, sfa and afa genes in isolations having the ability to create strong biofilm reported 93.33 %, 86.66 %, 86.66 % and 66.66 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated the importance of virulence genes in serogroups producing uropathogenic E.coli biofilm. It is recommended that strains producing biofilm before antibiotic use should be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parvin Ahmadi
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | | | - Faham Khamesipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ciesielczuk H, Doumith M, Hope R, Woodford N, Wareham DW. Characterization of the extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli ST131 clone among isolates recovered from urinary and bloodstream infections in the United Kingdom. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1496-1503. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ciesielczuk
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, UK
| | - M. Doumith
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
| | - R. Hope
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Department, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
| | - N. Woodford
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
| | - D. W. Wareham
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Samei A, Haghi F, Zeighami H. Distribution of pathogenicity island markers in commensal and uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 61:261-8. [PMID: 26563230 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates contain large genomic segments, termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs), that contribute to their virulence. A total of 150 UPEC and 50 commensal E. coli isolates from outpatients were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of eight PAI markers. One hundred ninety (95 %) isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. The most frequent resistance found against amoxicillin (68 %), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (55 %), aztreonam (50 %), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (46 %) and tetracycline (43.5 %). Antimicrobial resistance among UPEC isolates was higher than that of commensals. PAI markers were detected in substantial percentage of commensal (88 %) and UPEC isolates (98.6 %) (P > 0.05). The most prevalent PAI marker among UPEC and commensal isolates was PAI IV536 (98.7 % UPEC vs. 84 % commensal). We found a high number of PAI markers such as PAI ICFT073, PAI IICFT073, PAI I536, PAI II536, PAI III536 and PAI IIJ96 significantly associated with UPEC. PAI III536 (21.3 %) and PAI IIJ96 (8 %) were detected only in the uropathogenic isolates. Several different combinations of PAIs were found among UPEC isolates. Comparison of PAIs among UPEC and commensal isolates showed that many UPEC isolates (79.3 %) carried two or more PAI markers, while 6 % of commensals had two PAI markers (P < 0.05). The most frequent combinations of PAI markers in UPEC isolates were PAI IV536 + PAI IICFT073 (18 %) and PAI IV536 + PAI ICFT073 + PAI IICFT073 (18 %). These results indicate that PAI markers are widespread among commensal and UPEC isolates and these commensal isolates may be reservoirs for transmission of these markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Samei
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fakhri Haghi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Habib Zeighami
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gomi R, Matsuda T, Fujimori Y, Harada H, Matsui Y, Yoneda M. Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia coli in River Water by Simultaneous Detection and Sequencing of 14 Virulence Genes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6800-6807. [PMID: 25919763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pathogenic Escherichia coli in environmental waters increases the risk of waterborne disease. In this study, 14 virulence genes in 669 E. coli isolates (549 isolates from the Yamato River in Japan, and 30 isolates from each of the following hosts: humans, cows, pigs, and chickens) were simultaneously quantified by multiplex PCR and dual index sequencing to determine the prevalence of potentially pathogenic E. coli. Among the 549 environmental isolates, 64 (12%) were classified as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) while eight (1.5%) were classified as intestinal pathogenic E. coli (InPEC). Only ExPEC-associated genes were detected in human isolates and pig isolates, and 11 (37%) and five (17%) isolates were classified as ExPEC, respectively. A high proportion (63%) of cow isolates possessed Shiga-toxin genes (stx1 or stx2) and they were classified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Among the chicken isolates, 14 (47%) possessed iutA, which is an ExPEC-associated gene. This method can determine the sequences as well as the presence/absence of virulence genes. By comparing the sequences of virulence genes, we determined that sequences of iutA were different among sources and may be useful for discriminating isolates, although further studies including larger numbers of isolates are needed. Results indicate that humans are a likely source of ExPEC strains in the river.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Gomi
- †Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonari Matsuda
- ‡Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, 520-0811, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujimori
- §Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Harada
- §Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuto Matsui
- †Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- †Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
[Distribution of phylogenetic groups and virulence factors in CTX-M-15 β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in the community of Mérida, Venezuela]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2014; 46:175-81. [PMID: 25444124 DOI: 10.1016/s0325-7541(14)70069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the distribution of phylogenetic groups and the genetic detection of virulence factors in CTX-M-15 β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains were analyzed. Twenty eight strains were isolated between January 2009 and July 2011 from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) who attended the Public Health Laboratory at Mérida, Venezuela. Determination of phylogenetic groups and detection of six virulence genes, fimH, fyuA, kpsMTII, usp, PAI and papAH, were performed by PCR amplification. Fifteen of the 28 isolates were mainly located in the phylogenetic group A, followed by B2 (12/28) and D (1/28). No direct relationship between the severity or recurrence of UTI and the distribution of phylogroups was observed. All studied virulence factors were found in group B2 strains with the highest frequency. The prevalent virulence profile included the combination of three main genes: fimH, kpsMTII and fyuA and, to a lesser extent, the presence of other determinants such as usp, PAI and/or papAH. These results indicate that virulent UPEC incorporated three important properties: adhesion, iron uptake and evasion of phagocytosis, which favored the production of recurrent UTI. This is the first report describing the association of phylogenetic groups with the potential virulence of CTX-M-15 β-lactamase producing UPEC strains in Venezuela.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cervico-vaginopathogenic Escherichia coli in Iran: Serogroup distributions, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance properties. Microb Pathog 2014; 75:29-34. [PMID: 25193497 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) play an important role in urogenital infection in pregnant and non-pregnant women. They are classified based on various types of O antigen, virulence properties, phylogenetic background and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. E. coli strains that cause genitourinary infections possess several genes encoding urogenito-virulent factors. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of eight known urovirulence factors and its association with serotypes, phylogenetic background and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. One hundred thirty two cervico-vaginal E. coli (CVEC) isolates from pregnant and non-pregnant women (18-55 years old) were surveyed for adhesins (fimH, iha), haemolysins (hlyA), outer membrane protease (ompT) and siderophore receptors (irp2, iroN and iucD), cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1), and 12 selected O serotypes by multiplex-PCR. E. coli isolates were classified into intraspecies phylogenetic groups by PCR amplifications of phylogenetic markers. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The most frequently found virulence factor-encoding gene, in descending order were: fimH (71%), irp2 (63%), followed by ompT (45%), iucD (37%), and iroN (31%) genes. The most prevalent serogroups for all E. coli isolates were O25, O15 and O6. There was an acceptable correlation between serotype and genotype in CVEC. The most isolated strains belonged to the phylogenetic group B2, harboring all tested virulence genes. Resistance to ampicillin was most frequently observed, followed by resistance to amikacin and cefazolin. The results suggest that E. coli isolates from different infection origins may have different characteristics. A better understanding of these differences may lead to further development of evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of cervico-vaginal infection.
Collapse
|
41
|
Koga VL, Tomazetto G, Cyoia PS, Neves MS, Vidotto MC, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Molecular screening of virulence genes in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from human blood culture in Brazil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:465054. [PMID: 24822211 PMCID: PMC4009324 DOI: 10.1155/2014/465054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is one of the main etiological agents of bloodstream infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli. In the present study, 20 E. coli isolates from human hemocultures were characterized to identify genetic features associated with virulence (pathogenicity islands markers, phylogenetic group, virulence genes, plasmid profiles, and conjugative plasmids) and these results were compared with commensal isolates. The most prevalent pathogenicity island, in strains from hemoculture, were PAI IV536, described by many researchers as a stable island in enterobacteria. Among virulence genes, iutA gene was found more frequently and this gene enconding the aerobactin siderophore receptor. According to the phylogenetic classification, group B2 was the most commonly found. Additionally, through plasmid analysis, 14 isolates showed plasmids and 3 of these were shown to be conjugative. Although in stool samples of healthy people the presence of commensal strains is common, human intestinal tract may serve as a reservoir for ExPEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. Koga
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Geizecler Tomazetto
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Paula S. Cyoia
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Meiriele S. Neves
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marilda C. Vidotto
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata K. T. Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Virulence genotypes, antibiotic resistance and the phylogenetic background of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections of dogs and cats in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:242-7. [PMID: 24742952 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent disease of humans and pets and has extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains as one of the main etiologic agent. ExPEC are characterized by specific virulence factors and are related to a heterogeneous group of human and animal disorders, besides to be a relevant participant in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to characterize E. coli strains isolated from UTI of dogs and cats for serotypes, virulence markers, phylogenetic groups and sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs. E. coli was identified as the etiologic agent of UTI in urine samples of 43 pets (7 cats and 36 dogs). Serogroups O2, O4 and O6 corresponded to more than one third of the isolates, being 62% of the total strains classified as B2, 18% as D, 16% as B1 and 4% as A. The iucD (22%), fyuA (80%), traT (51%) and cvaC (20%) genes were distributed among the four phylogenetic groups, whereas the papC/papEF (47%) and malX (67%) genes were found only in groups B2 and D. There were a high number of resistant strains, with 76% of the strains belonging to groups A, B1 and D characterized as multidrug resistant (MDR), whereas only 21% had this phenotype in the group B2. The ExPEC strains isolated in this study displayed pathotypic and phylogenetic similarities with human isolates and high percentages of drug resistance. The finding of MDR ExPEC strains suggests implications for animal and public health and deserves more investigations.
Collapse
|
43
|
Dormanesh B, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Hosseini S, Momtaz H, Mirnejad R, Hoseini MJ, Yahaghi E, Tarhriz V, Khodaverdi Darian E. Virulence factors and o-serogroups profiles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from Iranian pediatric patients. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e14627. [PMID: 24719745 PMCID: PMC3965878 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli O- Serogroups with their virulence factors are the most prevalent causes of UTIs. Objectives: The present investigation was performed to study the virulence factors and O-Serogroups profiles of UPEC isolated from Iranian pediatric patients. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional investigation was performed on 100 urine samples collected from hospitalized pediatrics of Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Midstream urine was collected to decrease potential bacterial, cellular and artifactual contamination. All samples were cultured and those with positive results were subjected to polymerase chain reactions to detect pap, cnf1, afa, sfa and hlyA genes and various O- Serogroups. Results: We found that 37.5% of boys and 75% of girls had positive results for Escherichia coli. We also found that O1 (19.33%), O2 (13.33%), O6 (13.33%), O4 (11.66%), and O18 (11.66 %) were the most commonly detected Serogroups. Totally, the serogroup of 5% of all strains were not detected. In addition, all of these O- Serogroups were pap+, cnf1+, hlyA+, and afa+. Totally, pap (70 %), cnf1 (56.66 %), and hlyA (43.33 %) were the most commonly detected virulence genes in the both studied groups of children. The sfa (30 %) and afa (26.66 %) genes had the lowest incidence rates. Conclusions: Special health care should be performed on UTIs management in Iranian pediatric patients. Extended researches should be performed to evaluate relation between other O-Serogroups and virulent genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Dormanesh
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Sahar Hosseini
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hoseini
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Emad Yahaghi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Ebrahim Khodaverdi Darian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Ebrahim Khodaverdi Darian, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-26334403125, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Santos ACM, Zidko ACM, Pignatari AC, Silva RM. Assessing the diversity of the virulence potential of Escherichia coli isolated from bacteremia in São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:968-973. [PMID: 24141553 PMCID: PMC3854340 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the knowledge of the virulence determinants of extraintestinal pathogenic
Escherichia coli (ExPEC) comes from studies with human strains
causing urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis and animal strains causing
avian colibacillosis. In this research, we analyzed the phylogenetic background, the
presence of 20 ExPEC virulence factors, and the intrinsic virulence potential of 74
E. coli strains isolated in São Paulo, Brazil, from 74
hospitalized patients (43 males and 31 females) with unknown-source bacteremia.
Unlike other places in the world, the bacteremic strains originated equally from
phylogroups B2 (35%) and D (30%). A great variability in the profiles of virulence
factors was noted in this survey. Nevertheless, 61% of the strains were classified as
ExPEC, meaning that they possessed intrinsic virulent potential. Accordingly, these
strains presented high virulence factor scores (average of 8.7), and were positively
associated with 12 of 17 virulence factors detected. On the contrary, the non-ExPEC
strains, isolated from 39% of the patients, presented a generally low virulence
capacity (medium virulence factor score of 3.1), and were positively associated with
only the colicin cvaC gene. These results show the importance of
discriminating E. coli isolates that possess characteristics of true
pathogens from those that may be merely opportunistic in order to better understand
the virulence mechanisms involved in extraintestinal E. coli
infections. Such knowledge is essential for epidemiological purposes as well as for
development of control measures aimed to minimize the incidence of these
life-threatening and costly infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C M Santos
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São PauloSP, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rodríguez-Baño J, Mingorance J, Fernández-Romero N, Serrano L, López-Cerero L, Pascual A. Outcome of bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: Impact of microbiological determinants. J Infect 2013; 67:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Momtaz H, Karimian A, Madani M, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Ranjbar R, Sarshar M, Souod N. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Iran: serogroup distributions, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance properties. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2013; 12:8. [PMID: 23627669 PMCID: PMC3651382 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections with global expansion. These infections are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). METHODS Totally, 123 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from UTIs patients, using bacterial culture method were subjected to polymerase chain reactions for detection of various O- serogroups, some urovirulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes and resistance to 13 different antibiotics. RESULTS According to data, the distribution of O1, O2, O6, O7 and O16 serogroups were 2.43%, besides O22, O75 and O83 serogroups were 1.62%. Furthermore, the distribution of O4, O8, O15, O21 and O25 serogroups were 5.69%, 3.25%, 21.13%, 4.06% and 26.01%, respectively. Overall, the fim virulence gene had the highest (86.17%) while the usp virulence gene had the lowest distributions of virulence genes in UPEC strains isolated from UTIs patients. The vat and sen virulence genes were not detected in any UPEC strains. Totally, aadA1 (52.84%), and qnr (46.34%) were the most prevalent antibiotic resistance genes while the distribution of cat1 (15.44%), cmlA (15.44%) and dfrA1 (21.95%) were the least. Resistance to penicillin (100%) and tetracycline (73.98%) had the highest while resistance to nitrofurantoin (5.69%) and trimethoprim (16.26%) had the lowest frequencies. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the UPEC strains which harbored the high numbers of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes had the high ability to cause diseases that are resistant to most antibiotics. In the current situation, it seems that the administration of penicillin and tetracycline for the treatment of UTIs is vain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, ShahreKord Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 166, ShahreKord, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Avitabile C, Netti F, Orefice G, Palmieri M, Nocerino N, Malgieri G, D'Andrea LD, Capparelli R, Fattorusso R, Romanelli A. Design, structural and functional characterization of a Temporin-1b analog active against Gram-negative bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3767-75. [PMID: 23403136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporins are small antimicrobial peptides secreted by the Rana temporaria showing mainly activity against Gram-positive bacteria. However, different members of the temporin family, such as Temporin B, act in synergy also against Gram-negative bacteria. With the aim to develop a peptide with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity we designed and analyzed a series of Temporin B analogs. METHODS Peptides were initially obtained by Ala scanning on Temporin B sequence; antimicrobial activity tests allowed to identify the TB_G6A sequence, which was further optimized by increasing the peptide positive charge (TB_KKG6A). Interactions of this active peptide with the LPS of E. coli were investigated by CD, fluorescence and NMR. RESULTS TB_KKG6A is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at low concentrations. The peptide strongly interacts with the LPS of Gram-negative bacteria and folds upon interaction into a kinked helix. CONCLUSION Our results show that it is possible to widen the activity spectrum of an antimicrobial peptide by subtle changes of the primary structure. TB_KKG6A, having a simple composition, a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and a very low hemolytic activity, is a promising candidate for the design of novel antimicrobial peptides. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The activity of antimicrobial peptides is strongly related to the ability of the peptide to interact and break the bacterial membrane. Our studies on TB_KKG6A indicate that efficient interactions with LPS can be achieved when the peptide is not perfectly amphipathic, since this feature seems to help the toroidal pore formation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Avitabile
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rigano MM, Romanelli A, Fulgione A, Nocerino N, D'Agostino N, Avitabile C, Frusciante L, Barone A, Capuano F, Capparelli R. A novel synthetic peptide from a tomato defensin exhibits antibacterial activities against Helicobacter pylori. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:755-62. [PMID: 23124812 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defensins are a class of cysteine-rich proteins, which exert broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this work, we used a bioinformatic approach to identify putative defensins in the tomato genome. Fifteen proteins had a mature peptide that includes the well-conserved tetradisulfide array. We selected a representative member of the tomato defensin family; we chemically synthesized its γ-motif and tested its antimicrobial activity. Here, we demonstrate that the synthetic peptide exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus A170, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Listeria monocytogenes, and Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori. In addition, the synthetic peptide shows minimal (<5%) hemolytic activity and absence of cytotoxic effects against THP-1 cells. Finally, SolyC exerts an anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, as it downregulates the level of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Rigano
- University of Naples 'Federico II', School of Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Soil, Plant, Environmental and Animal Production Sciences, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rodríguez-Baño J, Mingorance J, Fernández-Romero N, Serrano L, López-Cerero L, Pascual A. Virulence profiles of bacteremic extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: association with epidemiological and clinical features. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44238. [PMID: 22970186 PMCID: PMC3436869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is scarce data about the importance of phylogroups and virulence factors (VF) in bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC). A prospective multicenter Spanish cohort including 191 cases of BSI due to ESBLEC was studied. Phylogroups and 25 VF genes were investigated by PCR. ESBLEC were classified into clusters according to their virulence profiles. The association of phylogropus, VF, and clusters with epidemiological features were studied using multivariate analysis. Overall, 57.6%, 26.7%, and 15.7% of isolates belonged to A/B1, D and B2 phylogroups, respectively. By multivariate analysis (adjusted OR [95% CI]), virulence cluster C2 was independently associated with urinary tract source (5.05 [0.96–25.48]); cluster C4 with sources other than urinary of biliary tract (2.89 [1.05–7.93]), and cluster C5 with BSI in non-predisposed patients (2.80 [0.99–7.93]). Isolates producing CTX-M-9 group ESBLs and from phylogroup D predominated among cluster C2 and C5, while CTX-M-1 group of ESBL and phylogroup B2 predominantes among C4 isolates. These results suggest that host factors and previous antimicrobial use were more important than phylogroup or specific VF in the occurrence of BSI due to ESBLEC. However, some associations between virulence clusters and some specific epidemiological features were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sunder S, Haguenoer E, Bouvet D, Lissandre S, Bree A, Perrotin D, Helloin E, Lanotte P, Schouler C, Guillon A. Life-threatening Escherichia coli cellulitis in patients with haematological malignancies. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1324-1327. [PMID: 22580917 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.042366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulitis due to Escherichia coli is rare and usually secondary to a cutaneous portal of entry. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) secondary to E. coli bacteraemia have been reported exclusively in immunodeficient patients. Here, we report two cases of serious cellulitis secondary to E. coli bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancies. Both isolated strains belonged to phylogenetic group B2 and harboured some of the main virulence factor genes commonly found in extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), including neuC, iro and fimH. Cellulitis due to E. coli seems to be linked to the immunocompromised status of patients rather than to a highly virulent clone. Nevertheless, some of the virulence factors appear to be important because both isolates belong to phylogenetic group B2. This aetiology should be considered in SSTI in patients with haematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sunder
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHRU de Tours, France
| | - E Haguenoer
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHRU de Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, France
| | - D Bouvet
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHRU de Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, France
| | - S Lissandre
- Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHRU de Tours, France
| | - A Bree
- INRA, UR 1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - D Perrotin
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, CHRU de Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, France
| | - E Helloin
- INRA, UR 1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - P Lanotte
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHRU de Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, France
| | - C Schouler
- INRA, UR 1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - A Guillon
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, CHRU de Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|