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Neves MB, da Silva UN, Gonçalves ADF, Fagundes LS, de Abreu AC, Takita LC, Aydos RD, Ramalho RT. The effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on the progression of colorectal cancer in an animal model. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e384923. [PMID: 37878986 PMCID: PMC10592869 DOI: 10.1590/acb384923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on colorectal cancer (CRC) development in mice induced by azoxymethane (AOM) coupled with colitis. METHODS Forty animals induced with CRC were used, divided into five groups of eight animals each: sedentary; continuous aerobics; continuous anaerobic; aerobic PI; and anaerobic PI. AOM was administered to the animals in two doses of 10 mg/kg each over the course of two weeks, the first dose administered in the third week and the second administered in the fourth. For the colitis, three cycles of dextran sodium sulfate were administered for five days, separated by two weeks of water. The 14th week of the experiment saw the euthanasia, the removal of their colons, and the creation of microscopy slides for histological analysis. RESULTS Preneoplastic lesions developed in all five groups; there were no significant differences between them. However, in terms of inflammatory symptoms, mucosal ulceration was much more frequently in the exercise groups than in the sedentary group (p = 0.016). The number of polyps overall (p = 0.002), the distal region's polyp development (p = 0.003), and the proximal region's polyp development (p = 0.04) were all statistically different than sedentary group. CONCLUSIONS The study discovered no significant difference in disease activity index scores between groups, but there was a significant difference in the number of polyps and the presence of mucosal ulceration in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Barbosa Neves
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences – Rio de Janeiro (RJ) – Brazil
| | - Udenilson Nunes da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul – Health and Development Postgraduate Program – Campo Grande (MS) – Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Silva Fagundes
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul – Health and Development in the Midwest Region – Campo Grande (MS) – Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos de Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul – Health and Development in the Midwest Region – Campo Grande (MS) – Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Takita
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul – Medical School – Campo Grande (MS) – Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dutra Aydos
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul – Health and Development in the Midwest Region – Campo Grande (MS) – Brazil
| | - Rondon Tosta Ramalho
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul – Health and Development in the Midwest Region – Campo Grande (MS) – Brazil
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Saber MM, Mahmoud MM, Amin HM, Essam RM. Therapeutic effects of combining curcumin and swimming in osteoarthritis using a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115309. [PMID: 37573656 PMCID: PMC10538387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common debilitating degenerative disease of the elderly. We aimed to study the therapeutic effects of combining curcumin and swimming in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA in a rat model. The rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 9). Group 1 received saline and served as a control group. Groups 2-5 were injected intra-articularly in the right knee with 100 μL MIA. One week later, groups 3 and 5 were started on daily swimming sessions that gradually increased to 20-mins per session, and for groups 4 and 5, oral curcumin was administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The combination therapy (curcumin + swimming) showed the most effective results in alleviating pain and joint stiffness as well as improving histological and radiological osteoarthritis manifestations in the knee joints. The combination modality also reduced serum C-reactive protein and tissue cartilage oligomeric matrix protein levels. Mechanistically, rats received dual treatment exhibited restoration of miR-130a and HDAC3 expression. The dual treatment also upregulated PPAR-γ alongside downregulation of NF-κB and its inflammatory cytokine targets TNF-α and IL-1β. Additionally, there was downregulation of MMP1 and MMP13 in the treated rats. In conclusion, our data showed that there is a therapeutic potential for combining curcumin with swimming in OA, which is attributed, at least in part, to the modulation of miR-130a/HDAC3/PPAR-γ signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Saber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Hesham M Amin
- Divison of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
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Xiao X, Long W, Huang T, Xia T, Ye R, Liu Y, Long H. Differences Between the Intestinal Lumen Microbiota of Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF)-Bearing and Non-bearing Rats. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2923-2929. [PMID: 30014223 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors including host-microbiota interaction could contribute to the conversion of healthy mucosa to sporadic precancerous lesions. An imbalance of the gut microbiota may be a cause or consequence of this process. AIM The goal was to investigate and analyze the composition of gut microbiota during the genesis of precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer. METHODS To analyze the composition of gut microbiota in the genesis of precancerous lesions, a rat model of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was established. The feces of these rats and healthy rats were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS The diversity and density of the rat intestinal microbiota were significantly different between ACF-bearing and non-bearing group. ACF were induced in rats treated with DMH and showed increased expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Firmicutes was the most predominant phylum in both ACF-bearing and non-bearing group, followed by Bacteroidetes. Interestingly, although the density of Bacteroidetes decreased from the fifth week to the 17th week in both groups, it was significantly reduced in ACF-bearing group at the 13th week (P < 0.01). At the genus level, no significant difference was observed in the most predominant genus, Lactobacillus. Instead, Bacteroides and Prevotella were significantly less abundant (P < 0.01), while Akkermansia was significantly more abundant (P < 0.05) in ACF-bearing group at the 13th week. CONCLUSION Imbalance of the intestinal microbiota existed between ACF-bearing and non-bearing rats, which could be used as biomarker to predict the genesis of precancerous lesions in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenbo Long
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingyu Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Rupei Ye
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanan Long
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Science and Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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MATSUO KAORI, SATO KOJI, SUEMOTO KEN, MIYAMOTO-MIKAMI ERI, FUKU NORIYUKI, HIGASHIDA KAZUHIKO, TSUJI KATSUNORI, XU YUZHONG, LIU XIN, IEMITSU MOTOYUKI, HAMAOKA TAKAFUMI, TABATA IZUMI. A Mechanism Underlying Preventive Effect of High-Intensity Training on Colon Cancer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1805-1816. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yu M, King B, Ewert E, Su X, Mardiyati N, Zhao Z, Wang W. Exercise Activates p53 and Negatively Regulates IGF-1 Pathway in Epidermis within a Skin Cancer Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160939. [PMID: 27509024 PMCID: PMC4979999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been previously reported to lower cancer risk through reducing circulating IGF-1 and IGF-1-dependent signaling in a mouse skin cancer model. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which exercise may down-regulate the IGF-1 pathway via p53 and p53-related regulators in the skin epidermis. Female SENCAR mice were pair-fed an AIN-93 diet with or without 10-week treadmill exercise at 20 m/min, 60 min/day and 5 days/week. Animals were topically treated with TPA 2 hours before sacrifice and the target proteins in the epidermis were analyzed by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Under TPA or vehicle treatment, MDM2 expression was significantly reduced in exercised mice when compared with sedentary control. Meanwhile, p53 was significantly elevated. In addition, p53-transcriptioned proteins, i.e., p21, IGFBP-3, and PTEN, increased in response to exercise. There was a synergy effect between exercise and TPA on the decreased MDM2 and increased p53, but not p53-transcripted proteins. Taken together, exercise appeared to activate p53, resulting in enhanced expression of p21, IGFBP-3, and PTEN that might induce a negative regulation of IGF-1 pathway and thus contribute to the observed cancer prevention by exercise in this skin cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Brenee King
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Emily Ewert
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Nur Mardiyati
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ashcraft KA, Peace RM, Betof AS, Dewhirst MW, Jones LW. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise on Cancer Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis: A Critical Systematic Review of In Vivo Preclinical Data. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4032-50. [PMID: 27381680 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major objective of the emerging field of exercise-oncology research is to determine the efficacy of, and biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects cancer incidence, progression, and/or metastasis. There is a strong inverse association between self-reported exercise and the primary incidence of several forms of cancer; similarly, emerging data suggest that exercise exposure after a cancer diagnosis may improve outcomes for early-stage breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. Arguably, critical next steps in the development of exercise as a candidate treatment in cancer control require preclinical studies to validate the biological efficacy of exercise, identify the optimal "dose", and pinpoint mechanisms of action. To evaluate the current evidence base, we conducted a critical systematic review of in vivo studies investigating the effects of exercise in cancer prevention and progression. Studies were evaluated on the basis of tumor outcomes (e.g., incidence, growth, latency, metastasis), dose-response, and mechanisms of action, when available. A total of 53 studies were identified and evaluated on tumor incidence (n = 24), tumor growth (n = 33), or metastasis (n = 10). We report that the current evidence base is plagued by considerable methodologic heterogeneity in all aspects of study design, endpoints, and efficacy. Such heterogeneity precludes meaningful comparisons and conclusions at present. To this end, we provide a framework of methodologic and data reporting standards to strengthen the field to guide the conduct of high-quality studies required to inform translational, mechanism-driven clinical trials. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4032-50. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph M Peace
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Lee W Jones
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV, Penitente AR, Bozi LHM, Neves CA, Maldonado IRSC, Natali AJ, Talvani A. Modulation of inflammatory and oxidative status by exercise attenuates cardiac morphofunctional remodeling in experimental Chagas cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 2016; 152:210-9. [PMID: 27040670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The rational basis that explains the benefits of exercise therapy on Chagas cardiomyopathy (ChC) is poorly understood. This study investigated the impact of an exercise program on exercise performance, heart parasitism, immunoinflammatory response, fibrogenesis, oxidative damage, and cardiomyocytes contractility in experimental ChC. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were subjected to a 9-week treadmill running training and challenged with Trypanosoma cruzi. Control animals remained sedentary. Physical and metabolic performance, cardiac morphology, cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, oxidative tissue damage, cardiomyocyte morphology and contractility were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS Exercise training was efficient to improve physical performance and anaerobic threshold in trained animals. By increasing cardiac and serum levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6), chemokines (MCP-1 and CX3CL1), the myocardial activity catalase and superoxide dismutase, and reducing lipid and protein oxidation in cardiac tissue, exercise training seem to be a beneficial strategy to mitigate the progression and severity of Chagas-associated cardiomyopathy. SIGNIFICANCE The protective adaptations to the host triggered by exercise training contributed to reduce cardiac parasitism, inflammation, fibrosis and cardiomyocytes atrophy. Although exercise training does not affect nitric oxide levels in cardiac tissue from infected animals, this strategy enhanced the efficiency of endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, restricting oxidative tissue damage with positive repercussions to cardiomyocytes biomechanics in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 MG, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences and NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 MG, Brazil.
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 MG, Brazil
| | - Arlete R Penitente
- Department of Biological Sciences and NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique M Bozi
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, 05508-030 SP, Brazil
| | - Clóvis A Neves
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 MG, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio J Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 MG, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Department of Biological Sciences and NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 MG, Brazil
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Wolff G, Toborek M. Targeting the therapeutic effects of exercise on redox-sensitive mechanisms in the vascular endothelium during tumor progression. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:565-71. [PMID: 23757193 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The American Cancer Society estimated 1.5 million new cancer cases in the United States in 2012. Although the exact number is not known, it is estimated that brain metastases occur in 20-40% of cancer patients (39). Owing to the complexity of development and the variation in tumor etiology, therapy options have been limited for a number of cancers, whereas progressive treatments have been successful for some malignancies. Combining treatment strategies has shown potential to increase positive outcomes; however, cancer remains a formidable diagnosis with no true cure. Many researchers have focused on alternative forms of cancer prevention or treatment to slow cancer progression. Studies have shown that with moderate, regular exercise signaling pathways associated with increased antioxidant activity and cellular repair are upregulated in vascular tissue; however, the physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature to better understand the impact of exercise on cancer progression and tumor metastasis and discuss potential redox-related signaling in the vasculature that may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Wolff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Gonçalves RV, Novaes RD. The influence of physical activity in the progression of experimental lung cancer in mice. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 208:677-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The effect of new probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum on counts of coliforms, lactobacilli and bacterial enzyme activities in rats exposed to N,N-dimethylhydrazine (chemical carcinogen). ACTA VET BRNO 2012. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201281020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the new probiotic strainLactobacillus plantarumon chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats.Sprague dowleyrats (n = 33) were divided into control and experimental groups and were fed a conventional laboratory diet. In the experimental group, rats were treated with the probiotic at the dose of 1 × 109CFU (colony-forming units)/ml. Two weeks after the beginning of the trial, N,N-dimethylhydrazine (chemical carcinogen) injections were applied s.c. at the dose of 21 mg/kg b.w., 5 × weekly. At the end of the 8-month experimental period, faeces samples were taken from the rats and used for laboratory analysis. The counts of lactobacilli and coliforms and bacterial enzyme activity were determined. The probiotic strainL. plantarumas single species or in combination with oil(Lini oleum virginale)decreased the count of total coliforms and increased lactobacilli in faeces of rats. Application of probiotic microorganisms significantly (P< 0.05) decreased the activities of bacterial enzymes (β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase) compared to the control group rats. The results of this study indicate that probiotic microorganisms could exert a preventive effect on colon carcinogenesis induced by N,N-dimethylhydrazine.
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Perše M, Injac R, Štrukelj B, Cerar A. High fat mixed lipid diet modifies protective effects of exercise on 1,2 dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer in rats. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2012; 11:289-99. [PMID: 22417061 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of long-term swimming exercise in conjunction with a high fat mixed lipid (HFML) diet on colon cancer (CC) development and lipid peroxidation in the large bowel. We used forty male Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into one control group and four cancer groups: sedentary and swimming groups fed a standard diet (LFCO) and sedentary and swimming groups fed an HFML diet. Corticosterone was determined during the experiment. After 6 months of swimming, the rats were sacrificed and blood, heart, liver, muscle and large bowel were taken for determining the activity of serum enzymes, antioxidant capacity and CC development. The results demonstrate that exercise has a protective role in CC development. Attenuated development of CC and increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the large bowel of exercised rats show that one of the protective effects of exercise on developing CC is induction of oxidative stress. However, in terms of the combined effects of dietary fat and exercise, our results indicate that the protective role of exercise on CC development is significantly depressed by an HFML diet. An HFML diet significantly reduced the protective influence of exercise on colon carcinogenesis in rats and affected the degree of peroxidation in the large bowel during exercise, as well as concentrations of serum enzymes (LDH, α-HBDH, CK, ALT and AST). Our results indicate that an HFML diet, which reflects the composition of a Western style diet, is a significant modifier of the protective effects of exercise on CC development in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perše
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Experimental Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Abstract
Results of most epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest an inverse relationship between regular exercise and the risk of certain malignancies, such as intestinal, colon, pancreatic, breast, lung, skin, mammary, endometrial, and prostate cancer. However, physical activity can have different influence on carcinogenesis, depending on energy supply and the age of the subject as well as strength, frequency, and length of exercise. The biochemical and molecular basis of the interaction between aerobic physical activity and tumorigenic processes remains poorly understood. Physical activity may generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to a different extent. Mild oxidative stress caused by moderate physical activity can activate cellular stress response signaling and potentiate cellular antioxidant defense capacity. However, accumulation of relatively large amounts of ROS as a consequence of exhaustive exercise can either directly damage DNA, causing mutation, or promote tumorigenesis by activating proinflammatory signaling. This review highlights the effects of physical activity on various malignancies in the context of redox status modulated during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer survivorship begins at diagnosis and continues throughout life. After diagnosis, survivors face the possibility of second cancers, long-term effects of cancer treatment, and comorbid conditions. Interventions that can provide primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in this population are important. Physical activity has been shown to decrease colon cancer incidence and recurrence risk as well as improve quality of life and noncancer health outcomes including cardiovascular fitness in colon cancer survivors. The data are less robust for rectal cancer incidence and recurrence, although improvements in quality of life and health outcomes in rectal cancer survivors are also seen. Potential mechanisms for this benefit may occur through inflammatory or insulin-like growth factor pathways. The issues of colorectal cancer survivorship and the impact of physical activity on these issues are reviewed, with discussion of possible biologic mechanisms, barriers to physical activity intervention studies, and future research directions for physical activity in this burgeoning survivor population.
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Silva MF, Sivieri K, Rossi EA. Effects of a probiotic soy product and physical exercise on formation of pre-neoplastic lesions in rat colons in a short-term model of carcinogenic. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2009; 6:17. [PMID: 19660118 PMCID: PMC2731074 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study the influence of moderate or intense physical exercise, alone or in combination with the consumption of a soya product fermented with Enterococcus faecium, on the development of colon cancer induced chemically in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), was investigated. Methods Eighty male Wistar SPF rats were randomly allocated to 8 groups (n = 10). One week after the start of the program of product ingestion and/or physical activity, all animals except the controls (group I) were injected subcutaneously with 50 mg/kg b.w. of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). This procedure was repeated at the end of the second week. At the end of the 6-week experiment, all the animals were euthanized; the colons were removed and numbers of ACF was estimated. Results Twenty-four days after the induction of pre-neoplastic lesions, it was evident that the formation of ACF was not significantly reduced by the ingestion of the fermented product, by intense or moderate physical activity or by a combination of these factors, in comparison with the positive control group of rats (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the performance of intense exercise, on its own, increased the number of ACF. Conclusion The results reported in this article show that consumption of the fermented soy product described here and the practice of physical exercise (intense or moderate) were incapable, separately or combined, of inhibiting the formation of ACF in DMH-induced rats. The intense physical exercise led to an increased number of foci in the colons of these rats and, probably, to greater susceptibility to colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon F Silva
- UNESP São Paulo State University, Department of Food and Nutrition, Araraquara Rodovia Araraquara/Jau Km 1,14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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