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Gunduz O, Sapmaz-Metin M, Topuz RD, Kaya O, Karadag CH, Ulugol A. Anti-Inflammatory and Antipruritic Effects of Remote Ischaemic Postconditioning in a Mouse Model of Experimental Allergic Contact Dermatitis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1816. [PMID: 37893534 PMCID: PMC10608757 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Allergic contact dermatitis is a common type IV hypersensitivity reaction characterised by redness, itching, oedema and thickening of the skin. It occurs in about 7% of the population and its incidence is increasing. It has been observed that the preconditioning of tissues by exposing them to transient ischemia increases resistance to subsequent permanent ischemia, and this phenomenon is called ischemic preconditioning. It has been shown that conditioning in one organ can also protect other organs. The protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning is thought to be based on the induction of anti-inflammatory responses. The aim of this project was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects of remote ischemic postconditioning in a mouse model of experimental allergic contact dermatitis. Methods: Experimental allergic contact dermatitis was induced with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Remote ischemic postconditioning was performed at 3 and 25 h after the challenge. Ear thickness and number of scratches 24 and 48 h after challenge, as well as cytokine levels and the infiltration of mast cells, neutrophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in serum and ear tissue at 48 h were measured to determine the effect of RIPsC. Results: Remote ischemic postconditioning decreased ear thickness, one of the symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis (p < 0.0001). It had no significant effect on the number of scratches. It reduced serum IL-17 levels (p < 0.01). It alleviated local inflammation by suppressing CD8+ T lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions: It was concluded that remote ischemic postconditioning may alleviate the symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis by suppressing CD8+ T lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration and reducing IL-17 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey; (R.D.T.); (C.H.K.); (A.U.)
| | - Melike Sapmaz-Metin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey;
| | - Ruhan Deniz Topuz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey; (R.D.T.); (C.H.K.); (A.U.)
| | - Oktay Kaya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey;
| | - Cetin Hakan Karadag
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey; (R.D.T.); (C.H.K.); (A.U.)
| | - Ahmet Ulugol
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey; (R.D.T.); (C.H.K.); (A.U.)
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Lee JH, You HJ, Lee TY, Kang HJ. Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5234. [PMID: 35563624 PMCID: PMC9103896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin flaps are necessary in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the removal of skin cancer, wounds, and ulcers. A skin flap is a portion of skin with its own blood supply that is partially separated from its original position and moved from one place to another. The use of skin flaps is often accompanied by cell necrosis or apoptosis due to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of kappa B (IκB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and oxygen free radicals are known causative agents of cell necrosis and apoptosis. To prevent I/R injury, many investigators have suggested the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, stem-cell therapies, and drug-based therapies. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a strategy used to prevent I/R injury. IPC is an experimental technique that uses short-term repetition of occlusion and reperfusion to adapt the area to the loss of blood supply. IPC can prevent I/R injury by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine activity. Various stem cell applications have been studied to facilitate flap survival and promote angiogenesis and vascularization in animal models. The possibility of constructing tissue engineered flaps has also been investigated. Although numerous animal studies have been published, clinical data with regard to IPC in flap reconstruction have never been reported. In this study, we present various experimental skin flap methods, IPC methods, and methods utilizing molecular factors associated with IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Hi-Jin You
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (T.-Y.L.)
| | - Tae-Yul Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (T.-Y.L.)
| | - Hyo Jin Kang
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
- Core Research and Development Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
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Filaretova L, Komkova O, Sudalina M, Yarushkina N. Non-Invasive Remote Ischemic Preconditioning May Protect the Gastric Mucosa Against Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Injury Through Involvement of Glucocorticoids. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682643. [PMID: 34744702 PMCID: PMC8563572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is one of the most effective approaches to attenuate tissue injury caused by severe ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Experimental studies have demonstrated that RIPC is capable of producing a protective effect not only on heart, but also on brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, intestine, and stomach. We previously demonstrated that glucocorticoids participate in protective effect of local gastric ischemic preconditioning against I/R-induced gastric injury. In the present study we investigated whether RIPC may protect the gastric mucosa against I/R-induced injury through involvement of glucocorticoids. Anesthetized fasted Sprague Dawley male rats were exposed to prolonged gastric I/R (30 min occlusion of celiac artery followed by 3 h of reperfusion) alone or with preliminary brief RIPC (10 min non-invasive occlusion of right hind limb blood flow followed by reperfusion for 30 min). First, we investigated the effect of RIPC on I/R-induced injury by itself. Then to study the role of glucocorticoids similar experiments were carried out: 1) in rats pretreated with the inhibitor of glucocorticoid synthesis, metyrapone (30 mg/kg, i.p), and in control animals; 2) in adrenalectomized rats without or with corticosterone replacement (4 mg/kg, s.c.) and in sham-operated animals; 3) in rats pretreated with glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-38486 (20 mg/kg, s.c.) and in control animals. I/R induced corticosterone rise and resulted in the gastric erosion formation. RIPC significantly reduced the erosion area in control animals. Metyrapone injected shortly before RIPC caused a decrease in plasma corticosterone levels and prevented the gastroprotective effect of RIPC and, moreover, further aggravated the deleterious effect of I/R. Adrenalectomy performed 1 week before experiment created long-lasting corticosterone deficiency and had no effect on the gastroprotective effect of RIPC. Nevertheless, corticosterone replacement which mimics the corticosterone rise, similar to RIPS, significantly reduced erosion areas of gastric mucosa in adrenalectomized rats supporting the role of glucocorticoids in gastroprotection. RU-38486, which occupied glucocorticoid receptors, similar to metyrapone prevented the gastroprotective effect of RIPC and, moreover, further aggravated the deleterious effect of I/R. The results of the present study demonstrate for the first time that RIPC may protect the gastric mucosa against I/R-induced injury through involvement of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Filaretova
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Komkova
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Sudalina
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Yarushkina
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Remote ischemic conditioning avoids the development of intestinal damage after ischemia reperfusion by reducing intestinal inflammation and increasing intestinal regeneration. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:333-337. [PMID: 33555396 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Midgut volvulus is a potentially life-threatening condition which is based on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Remote ischemia conditioning (RIC) applied to a limb can protect distant organs such as heart and kidney. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of RIC on a model of midgut volvulus and to explore its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS Six-weeks old C57BL/6 mice were studied: (a) sham (n = 4): laparotomy alone. (b) Intestinal I/R injury (n = 5): occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 45 min followed by reperfusion. (c) Intestinal I/R (as in group above) with RIC immediately after reperfusion (n = 5). RIC consisted of 4 cycles of 5 min hind limb ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion. 24-h after laparotomy, animals were euthanized, and the small intestine (same distance from cecum) was harvested. The intestine was examined for inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), epithelial proliferation marker Ki67 and stem cell marker Lgr5 expression. MAIN RESULTS Compared to sham, the small intestine of IR mice had more intestinal damage, increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, decreased intestinal proliferation and stem cell activity. RIC significantly counteracted all these changes. CONCLUSIONS Remote ischemia conditioning avoids intestinal damage due to I/R injury. This beneficial effect is associated with decreased intestinal inflammation and enhanced intestinal regeneration. This study implicates that RIC is a novel non-invasive intervention to reduce the intestinal damage occurring in midgut volvulus.
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Koike Y, Li B, Ganji N, Zhu H, Miyake H, Chen Y, Lee C, Janssen Lok M, Zozaya C, Lau E, Lee D, Chusilp S, Zhang Z, Yamoto M, Wu RY, Inoue M, Uchida K, Kusunoki M, Delgado-Olguin P, Mertens L, Daneman A, Eaton S, Sherman PM, Pierro A. Remote ischemic conditioning counteracts the intestinal damage of necrotizing enterocolitis by improving intestinal microcirculation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4950. [PMID: 33009377 PMCID: PMC7532542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease of premature infants with high mortality rate, indicating the need for precision treatment. NEC is characterized by intestinal inflammation and ischemia, as well derangements in intestinal microcirculation. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has emerged as a promising tool in protecting distant organs against ischemia-induced damage. However, the effectiveness of RIC against NEC is unknown. To address this gap, we aimed to determine the efficacy and mechanism of action of RIC in experimental NEC. NEC was induced in mouse pups between postnatal day (P) 5 and 9. RIC was applied through intermittent occlusion of hind limb blood flow. RIC, when administered in the early stages of disease progression, decreases intestinal injury and prolongs survival. The mechanism of action of RIC involves increasing intestinal perfusion through vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. RIC is a viable and non-invasive treatment strategy for NEC. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal emergencies in neonates needing precision treatment. Here the authors show that remote ischemic conditioning is a non-invasive therapeutic method that enhances blood flow in the intestine, reduces damage, and improves NEC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhki Koike
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Bo Li
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Niloofar Ganji
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hiromu Miyake
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yong Chen
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Lee
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maarten Janssen Lok
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Zozaya
- Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ethan Lau
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothy Lee
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sinobol Chusilp
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Masaya Yamoto
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Y Wu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikihiro Inoue
- Departments of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Uchida
- Departments of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Departments of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguin
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- The Labatt Family Heart Center, Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Daneman
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Eaton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Bang JY, Kim SG, Oh J, Kim SO, Go YJ, Hwang GS, Song JG. Impact of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Conducted in Living Kidney Donors on Renal Function in Donors and Recipients Following Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050713. [PMID: 31137470 PMCID: PMC6572316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been shown to have renoprotective effects, few studies have assessed the effects of RIPC on renal function in living kidney donors. This study investigated whether RIPC performed in living kidney donors could improve residual renal function in donors and outcomes in recipients following kidney transplantation. The donors were randomized into a control group (n = 85) and a RIPC group (n = 85). The recipients were included according to the matched donors. Serum creatinine (sCr) concentrations and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared between control and RIPC groups in donors and recipients. Delayed graft function, acute rejection, and graft failure within one year after transplantation were evaluated in recipients. sCr was significantly increased in the control group (mean, 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.18) than the RIPC group (1.01; 95% CI, 0.95–1.07) (p = 0.003) at discharge. Donors with serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dL at discharge had higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (n = 6, 26.1%) than donors with a normal serum creatinine level (n = 8, 5.4%) (p = 0.003) after one year. sCr concentrations and eGFR were similar in the RIPC and control groups of recipients over the one-year follow-up period. Among recipients, no outcome variables differed significantly in the RIPC and control groups. RIPC was effective in improving early renal function in kidney donors but did not improve renal function in recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Sae-Gyeol Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Jimi Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Seon-Ok Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Yon-Ji Go
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Gyu-Sam Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Jun-Gol Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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Ischemic Preconditioning: No Influence on Maximal Sprint Acceleration Performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:986-990. [PMID: 29345532 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was initially developed to protect the myocardium from ischemia through altered cardiocyte metabolism. Because of the observed effects on metabolism and oxygen kinetics, IPC gained interest as a potential ergogenic aid in sports. Limited research evaluating the effects of IPC on maximal short-duration activities has been performed, and of the existing literature, mixed outcomes resulting from intrasubject variation may have clouded the efficacy of this technique for enhancing sprint performance. Therefore, the current study employed a randomized repeated-measures crossover design with IPC, placebo (SHAM), and control conditions while using sprint-trained athletes (N = 18) to determine the effect of IPC (3 × 5-min occlusions, with 5-min reperfusion), concluding 15 min prior to maximal 10-s and 20-m sprinting. A visual analog scale was used in conjunction with the sprint trials to evaluate any possible placebo effect on performance. Despite a "significantly beneficial" perception of the IPC treatment compared with the SHAM trials (P < .001), no changes in sprint performance were observed after either the IPC or SHAM condition over 10 m (IPC Δ < 0.01 [0.02] s, SHAM Δ < 0.01 [0.02] s) or 20 m (IPC Δ = -0.01 [0.03] s, SHAM Δ < 0.01 [0.03] s) compared with control. Thus, an IPC protocol does not improve 10- or 20-m sprint performance in sprint-trained athletes.
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Martins MJB, Batista AMA, Brito YNF, Soares PMG, Martins CDS, Ribeiro RDA, Brito GADC, de Freitas MR. Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Systemic Toxicity and Ototoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Rats: Role of TNF-α and Nitric Oxide. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2018; 79:336-346. [PMID: 29339643 DOI: 10.1159/000485514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent. The use of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) was proposed after the observation that ischemic preconditioning of a cardiac vascular area could protect another completely distinctly. METHODS This is an experimental study. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and they underwent a hearing evaluation via measurement of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BSAEP). Then, cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally (IP) at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day for 4 consecutive days to group 1, whereas saline solution was administered IP to group 2. In groups 3 and 4, ischemia of the right hind paw was performed for 10 min, followed by reperfusion for 30 min, after which cisplatin or saline was administered IP to group 3 or group 4, respectively. Afterwards, all animals were evaluated via the BSAEP. The right cochlea was dissected for immunohistochemistry. RESULTS RIPC lowered the increase in BSAEP of the animals treated with cisplatin (p = 0.0146). Weight loss decreased in the animals subjected to RIPC (p < 0.005). In group 3, RIPC reversed immunostaining for tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the stria vascularis injured by cisplatin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION RIPC protects against systemic toxicity and ototoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats.
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Gomes RDOL, Artigiani R, Guimarães JDF, Nunes AP, Montero EFDS, Martins JL. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis rat model attenuated by a remote ischemic preconditioning in the pregnant. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:236-242. [PMID: 28403348 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170030000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (r-IPC) administered to pregnant rats, in the ileum of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Methods: We used three pregnant rats and their newborn rats distributed in three groups: 1) Control (C) - Newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which did not undergo any intervention; 2) Hypoxia-Reoxygenation (H/R) - Newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which did not undergo any intervention, and were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation; 3) Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (r-IPC) - newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which was subjected to remote ischemic preconditioning twenty-four hours before giving birth and the newborn rats were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Segments of ileum were prepared for histological analysis by HE and immunohistochemistry by the Ki67 to evaluate cell proliferation, crypt depth and villus height and evaluation of apoptosis by cleaved caspase-3. Results: The intensity of the lesions was lower in the r-IPC than in the H/R group, showing significant difference (p<0.01). The r-IPC group showed a higher proliferative activity compared to the H/R group (p<0.01), with deeper crypts (r-IPC > H/R - p < 0.05), and higher villi, showing significant difference (r-IPC > H/R - (p <0.01). The occurrence of apoptosis in the H/R group was lower in comparison to groups C and r-IPC, with significant difference (H/R < r-IPC; p<0.05). Conclusion: The remote ischemic preconditioning applied to the pregnant rat protected the ileum of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, with decreased intensity of the lesions in the ileum mucosa and preservation of proliferative activity, keeping the villus height and crypt depth similar to group C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúdnei de Oliveira Luciano Gomes
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Surgical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Design of the study, acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Ricardo Artigiani
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Histopathological examinations
| | - José de Freitas Guimarães
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Surgical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Design of the study, acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Adriana Porto Nunes
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Surgical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Design of the study, acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Edna Frasson de Souza Montero
- Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Physiopathology (LIM-62), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Intellectual and scientific content of the study, critical revision
| | - José Luiz Martins
- Full Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Conception and design of the study, critical revision
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Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression and Cutaneous Wound Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020438. [PMID: 28218659 PMCID: PMC5343972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds may lead to scar formation and impaired functionality. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can induce the anti-inflammatory enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and protect against tissue injury. We aim to improve cutaneous wound repair by RIPC treatment via induction of HO-1. RIPC was applied to HO-1-luc transgenic mice and HO-1 promoter activity and mRNA expression in skin and several other organs were determined in real-time. In parallel, RIPC was applied directly or 24h prior to excisional wounding in mice to investigate the early and late protective effects of RIPC on cutaneous wound repair, respectively. HO-1 promoter activity was significantly induced on the dorsal side and locally in the kidneys following RIPC treatment. Next, we investigated the origin of this RIPC-induced HO-1 promoter activity and demonstrated increased mRNA in the ligated muscle, heart and kidneys, but not in the skin. RIPC did not change HO-1 mRNA and protein levels in the wound 7 days after cutaneous injury. Both early and late RIPC did not accelerate wound closure nor affect collagen deposition. RIPC induces HO-1 expression in several organs, but not the skin, and did not improve excisional wound repair, suggesting that the skin is insensitive to RIPC-mediated protection.
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Mechanisms underpinning protection against eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage by ischemic preconditioning. Med Hypotheses 2016; 98:21-27. [PMID: 28012598 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric exercise training is effective for increasing muscle mass and strength, and improving insulin sensitivity and blood lipid profiles. However, potential muscle damage symptoms such as prolonged loss of muscle function and delayed onset of muscle soreness may restrict the use of eccentric exercise, especially in clinical populations. Therefore, strategies to reduce eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) are necessary, and an extensive number of scientific studies have tried to identify potential intervention modalities to perform eccentric exercises without adverse effects. The present paper is based on a narrative review of current literature, and provides a novel hypothesis by which an ischemic preconditioning (IPC) of the extremities may reduce EIMD. IPC consists of an intermittent application of short-time non-lethal ischemia to an extremity (e.g. using a tourniquet) followed by reperfusion and was discovered in clinical settings in an attempt to minimize inflammatory responses induced by ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion-injury (I/R-Injury) during surgery. The present hypothesis is based on morphological and biochemical similarities in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle damage during clinical surgery and EIMD. Even though the primary origin of stress differs between I/R-Injury and EIMD, subsequent cellular alterations characterized by an intracellular accumulation of Ca2+, an increased production of reactive oxygen species or increased apoptotic signaling are essential elements for both. Moreover, the incipient immune response appears to be similar in I/R-Injury and EIMD, which is indicated by an infiltration of leukocytes into the damaged soft-tissue. Thus far, IPC is considered as a potential intervention strategy in the area of cardiovascular or orthopedic surgery and provides significant impact on soft-tissue protection and downregulation of undesired excessive inflammation induced by I/R-Injury. Based on the known major impact of IPC on skeletal muscle physiology and immunology, the present paper aims to illustrate the potential protective effects of IPC on EIMD by discussing possible underlying mechanisms.
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12
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Ischemic preconditioning and atenolol on lung injury after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:1862-6. [PMID: 25131055 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluate the beta blocker atenolol (AT) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) strategies for tissue protection against systemic effects of intestinal ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) injury. Forty-two rats were pretreated with AT (1.5 mg · kg(-1)), 0.9% saline solution (SS; 0.1 mL), or IPC and then subjected to prolonged occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 minutes leading to I followed or not by 120 minutes of R, according to the group. For IPC, 5 minutes of I prior to 10 minutes of R were established. After this process of I or I-R, the right lung of each animal was adequately prepared for staining with hematoxylin and eosin and subsequent histologic analysis for quantification of inflammatory infiltrate was done. The left lung was frozen and prepared for assessment of oxidative stress by the quantification of thiobarbituric acid-reactivity substances (TBARS). Histologic analysis showed an important inflammatory infiltrate in the I-R + SS (I-R + SS = 4.5), which was significantly (P < .05) reduced by IPC (I-R + IPC = 3.0) or AT (I-R + AT = 3.0). Likewise, the TBARS levels were decreased by both strategies (I-R + SS = 0.63; I-R + IPC = 0.23; I-R + AT = 0.38; P < .05). Our results showed that AT and IPC attenuate pulmonary lesions caused by intestinal I and R process.
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13
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Brandli A. Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents. J Vis Exp 2015:e52213. [PMID: 26065365 DOI: 10.3791/52213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sublethal ischemia protects tissues against subsequent, more severe ischemia through the upregulation of endogenous mechanisms in the affected tissue. Sublethal ischemia has also been shown to upregulate protective mechanisms in remote tissues. A brief period of ischemia (5-10 min) in the hind limb of mammals induces self-protective responses in the brain, lung, heart and retina. The effect is known as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP). It is a therapeutically promising way of protecting vital organs, and is already under clinical trials for heart and brain injuries. This publication demonstrates a controlled, minimally invasive method of making a limb - specifically the hind limb of a rat - ischemic. A blood pressure cuff developed for use in human neonates is connected to a manual sphygmomanometer and used to apply 160 mmHg pressure around the upper part of the hind limb. A probe designed to detect skin temperature is used to verify the ischemia, by recording the drop in skin temperature caused by pressure-induced occlusion of the leg arteries, and the rise in temperature which follows release of the cuff. This method of RIP affords protection to the rat retina against bright light-induced damage and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brandli
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney;
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14
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Freitas MALD, Gomes RDOL, Soares BLDF, Artigiani Neto R, Montero EFDS, Martins JL. Effects of maternal ischemic preconditioning in the colon of newborn rats submitted to hypoxia-reoxygenation insult. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 29:438-44. [PMID: 25054874 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of maternal remote ischemic preconditioning (IPCr) in the colonic mucosa of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. METHODS Newborn Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Control Group (CG), Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Group (HRG) and Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Group (IPCrG). Hypoxia and reoxygenation was performed 2x per day, with an interval of 6 hours, on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days of life, with 10 minutes of CO2 at 100%, followed by 10 minutes O2 at 100%(HRG/IPCrG). The maternal IPCr was performed 24 hours before delivery by applying a rubber band tourniquet to the left hind limb (IPCrG). Segments of the colon underwent histological (HE) and immunohistochemical analysis for caspase-3 and COX - 2. RESULTS The histological findings showed no intestinal mucosal damage in the CG group and severe lesions in HRG that was attenuated in the IPCrG (p<0.05). The expression of the apoptotic cells was lower in the HRG group than in the CG and IPCrG. The COX-2 expression was intense in HRG and attenuated in the IPCrG (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal IPCr protected the colonic mucosa of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, reducing the morphological alterations and inflammatory response. It ameliorates the occurrence of apoptosis, keeping the physiological process of renewal and regeneration in the epithelial lining of the colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José Luiz Martins
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, EPM, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Agrawal T, Gupta GK, Rai V, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. Pre-conditioning with low-level laser (light) therapy: light before the storm. Dose Response 2014; 12:619-49. [PMID: 25552961 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.14-032.agrawal] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-conditioning by ischemia, hyperthermia, hypothermia, hyperbaric oxygen (and numerous other modalities) is a rapidly growing area of investigation that is used in pathological conditions where tissue damage may be expected. The damage caused by surgery, heart attack, or stroke can be mitigated by pre-treating the local or distant tissue with low levels of a stress-inducing stimulus, that can induce a protective response against subsequent major damage. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been used for nearly 50 years to enhance tissue healing and to relieve pain, inflammation and swelling. The photons are absorbed in cytochrome(c) oxidase (unit four in the mitochondrial respiratory chain), and this enzyme activation increases electron transport, respiration, oxygen consumption and ATP production. A complex signaling cascade is initiated leading to activation of transcription factors and up- and down-regulation of numerous genes. Recently it has become apparent that LLLT can also be effective if delivered to normal cells or tissue before the actual insult or trauma, in a pre-conditioning mode. Muscles are protected, nerves feel less pain, and LLLT can protect against a subsequent heart attack. These examples point the way to wider use of LLLT as a pre-conditioning modality to prevent pain and increase healing after surgical/medical procedures and possibly to increase athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanupriya Agrawal
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; ; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gaurav K Gupta
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; ; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - James D Carroll
- THOR Photomedicine Ltd, 18A East Street, Chesham, HP5 1HQ, UK
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; ; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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16
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Wang T, Zhou YT, Chen XN, Zhu AX, Wu BH. Remote ischemic postconditioning protects against gastric mucosal lesions in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9519-9527. [PMID: 25071347 PMCID: PMC4110584 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effects of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIP) against limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced gastric mucosal injury.
METHODS: Gastric IR was established in male Wistar rats by placing an elastic rubber band under a pressure of 290-310 mmHg on the proximal part of both lower limbs for 3 h followed by reperfusion for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 h. RIP was performed using three cycles of 30 s of reperfusion and 30 s of reocclusion of the femoral aortic immediately after IR and before reperfusion for up to 24 h. Rats were randomly assigned to receive IR (n = 36), IR followed by RIP (n = 36), or sham treatment (n = 36). Gastric tissue samples were collected from six animals in each group at each timepoint and processed to determine levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Additional samples were processed for histologic analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Blood samples were similarly collected to determine serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10.
RESULTS: The pathologic changes in gastric tissue induced by IR were observed by light microscopy. Administration of RIP dramatically reduced the gastric damage score after 6 h of reperfusion (5.85 ± 0.22 vs 7.72 ± 0.43; P < 0.01). In addition, RIP treatment decreased the serum activities of LDH (3.31 ± 0.32 vs 6.46 ± 0.03; P < 0.01), CK (1.94 ± 0.20 vs 4.54 ± 0.19; P < 0.01) and the concentration of TNF-α (53.82 ± 0.85 vs 88.50 ± 3.08; P < 0.01), and elevated the concentration of IL-10 (101.46 ± 5.08 vs 99.77 ± 4.32; P < 0.01) induced by IR at 6 h. Furthermore, RIP treatment prevented the marked elevation in MDA (3.79 ± 0.29 vs 6.39 ± 0.81) content, XOD (7.81 ± 0.75 vs 10.37 ± 2.47) and MPO (0.47 ± 0.05 vs 0.82 ± 0.03) activities, and decrease in SOD (4.95 ± 0.32 vs 3.41 ± 0.38; P < 0.01) activity in the gastric tissue as measured at 6 h.
CONCLUSION: RIP provides effective functional protection and prevents cell injury to gastric tissue induced by limb IR via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.
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17
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Wang T, Zhou YT, Chen XN, Zhu AX. Putative role of ischemic postconditioning in a rat model of limb ischemia and reperfusion: involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:738-45. [PMID: 25075575 PMCID: PMC4143200 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20142910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is one of the most potent angiogenic growth
factors. It improves angiogenesis and tissue perfusion in ischemic skeletal muscle.
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ischemic postconditioning is
effective for salvaging ischemic skeletal muscle resulting from limb
ischemia-reperfusion injury, and that the mechanism involves expression of HIF-1α.
Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=36 each): sham-operated (group
S), hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion (group IR), and ischemic postconditioning (group
IPO). Each group was divided into subgroups (n=6) according to reperfusion time:
immediate (0 h, T0), 1 h (T1), 3 h (T3), 6 h
(T6), 12 h (T12), and 24 h (T24). In the IPO
group, three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s femoral aortic reocclusion were
carried out before reperfusion. At all reperfusion times
(T0-T24), serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations, were measured in rats after they were
killed. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to assess the skeletal
muscle damage and HIF-1α expression in skeletal muscle ischemia. In groups IR and
IPO, serum LDH and CK activities and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations were all
significantly increased compared to group S, and HIF-1α expression was up-regulated
(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In group IPO, serum LDH and CK activities and TNF-α and
IL-6 concentrations were significantly decreased, IL-10 concentration was increased,
HlF-1α expression was down-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the pathological
changes were reduced compared to group IR. The present study suggests that ischemic
postconditioning can reduce skeletal muscle damage caused by limb
ischemia-reperfusion and that its mechanisms may be related to the involvement of
HlF-1α in the limb ischemia-reperfusion injury-triggered inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuyang People's Hospital, JiangSu, China
| | - Y T Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang People's Hospital, JiangSu, China
| | - X N Chen
- Institute of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, LanZhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - A X Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shuyang People's Hospital, JiangSu, China
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18
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Olguner CG, Koca U, Altekin E, Ergür BU, Duru S, Girgin P, Taşdöğen A, Gündüz K, Güzeldağ S, Akkuş M, Micili SC. Ischemic preconditioning attenuates lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in the cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1581-1588. [PMID: 23837035 PMCID: PMC3702658 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are are among the major causes of mortality in intensive care units. The lung and kidney are the organs most affected by sepsis. Evidence exists that lipid peroxidation and apoptosis may be responsible for the high mortality due to sepsis. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) is a method for the protection of tissues and organs against ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing reactive oxygen species levels, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. In the present study, the effects of IP were investigated in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats. The three groups of animals used in the present controlled study were the sham-operated group (sham, n=7), which only underwent a laparotomy; the sepsis group (sepsis, n=7), which underwent cecal ligation and perforation; and the IP + sepsis group (IP+sepsis, n=7), which underwent CLP immediately prior to the application of three cycles of IP to the hind limb. The study was terminated at 6 h after the induction of CLP. Blood, kidney and lung tissue samples were collected for the determination of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as histological examination. The serum creatinine, plasma NGAL and lung tissue MDA levels in the sepsis group were significantly increased compared with those in the sham and the IP+sepsis groups (P<0.05). Alveolar macrophage counts, histological kidney and lung injury scores, kidney (caspase 3) and lung tissue immuonreactivity (M30) scores in the sepsis group were also significantly increased compared with those in the sham and IP+sepsis groups (P<0.05). The alveolar macrophage count in the IP+sepsis group was increased compared with that in the sham group (P<0.05). In conclusion, IP inhibits lipid peroxidation and attenuates histological injury and apoptosis in the lung and kidney during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cimen Gülben Olguner
- Departments of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir 35340
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19
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Pillon NJ, Bilan PJ, Fink LN, Klip A. Cross-talk between skeletal muscle and immune cells: muscle-derived mediators and metabolic implications. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E453-65. [PMID: 23277185 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00553.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles contain resident immune cell populations and their abundance and type is altered in inflammatory myopathies, endotoxemia or different types of muscle injury/insult. Within tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and polarize to acquire pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Skeletal muscle macrophages play a fundamental role in repair and pathogen clearance. These events require a precisely regulated cross-talk between myofibers and immune cells, involving paracrine/autocrine and contact interactions. Skeletal muscle also undergoes continuous repair as a result of contractile activity that involves participation of myokines and anti-inflammatory input. Finally, skeletal muscle is the major site of dietary glucose disposal; therefore, muscle insulin resistance is essential to the development of whole body insulin resistance. Notably, muscle inflammation is emerging as a potential contributor to insulin resistance. Recent reports show that inflammatory macrophage numbers within muscle are elevated during obesity and that muscle cells in vitro can mount autonomous inflammatory responses under metabolic challenge. Here, we review the nature of skeletal muscle inflammation associated with muscle exercise, damage, and regeneration, endotoxin presence, and myopathies, as well as the new evidence of local inflammation arising with obesity that potentially contributes to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pillon
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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20
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Røpcke DM, Hjortdal VE, Toft GE, Jensen MO, Kristensen SD. Remote ischemic preconditioning reduces thrombus formation in the rat. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:2405-6. [PMID: 22947090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D M Røpcke
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital - Skejby Department of Experimental and Clinical Research, Aarhus University Hospital - Skejby Department of Plastic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital - NBG Department of Engineering, University of Aarhus Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital - Skejby, Denmark
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Szijártó A, Czigány Z, Turóczi Z, Harsányi L. Remote ischemic perconditioning--a simple, low-risk method to decrease ischemic reperfusion injury: models, protocols and mechanistic background. A review. J Surg Res 2012; 178:797-806. [PMID: 22868050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interruption of blood flow can cause ischemic reperfusion injury, which sometimes has a fatal outcome. Recognition of the phenomenon known as reperfusion injury has led to initial interventional approaches to lessen the degree of damage. A number of efficient pharmacologic agents and surgical techniques (e.g., local ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning) are available. A novel, alternative approach to target organ protection is remote ischemic conditioning triggered by brief repetitive ischemia and reperfusion periods in distant organs. Among the different surgical techniques is so-called remote ischemic perconditioning, a method that applies short periods of ischemic reperfusion to a distant organ delivered during target organ ischemia. Although ischemic reperfusion injury is reduced by this technique, the explanation for this phenomenon is still unclear, and approximately only a dozen reports on the topic have appeared in the literature. In our study, therefore, we investigated the connective mechanisms, signal transduction, and effector mechanisms behind remote perconditioning, with a review on molecular background and favorable effects. In addition, we summarize the various treatment protocols and models to promote future experimental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szijártó
- First Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Wang T, Leng YF, Zhang Y, Xue X, Kang YQ, Zhang Y. Oxidative stress and hypoxia-induced factor 1α expression in gastric ischemia. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1915-22. [PMID: 21528068 PMCID: PMC3080729 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i14.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to hypoxia induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) in gastric ischemia.
METHODS: The animal model of gastric ischemia reperfusion was established by placing an elastic rubber band on the proximal part of the bilateral lower limb for ligature for 3 h and reperfusion for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 h. Ischemic post-conditioning, three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s femoral aortic reocclusion were conducted before reperfusion. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to assess the gastric oxidative damageand the expression of HIF1-α in gastric ischemia. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were determined by colorimetric assays.
RESULTS: Ischemic post-conditioning can reduce post-ischemic oxidativestressand the expression of HIF-1α of gastric tissue resulting from limb ischemia reperfusion injury. MDA, SOD, XOD and MPO were regarded as indexes for mucosal injuries from ROS, and ROS was found to affect the expression of HIF-1α under gastric ischemic conditions.
CONCLUSION: ROS affects HIF-1α expression under gastric ischemic conditions induced by limb ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, ROS can regulate HIF-1α expression in gastric ischemia.
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Ponte de Souza Filho MV, Loiola RT, Rocha EL, Simão AFL, Ribeiro RA. Remote ischemic preconditioning improves the survival of rat random-pattern skin flaps. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-010-0402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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