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Pérez-Hernández E, Pastrana-Carballo JJ, Gómez-Chávez F, Gupta RC, Pérez-Hernández N. A Key Metabolic Regulator of Bone and Cartilage Health. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:559-574. [PMID: 35938304 PMCID: PMC9449101 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a cysteine-derived zwitterionic sulfonic acid, is a common ingredient in energy drinks and is naturally found in fish and other seafood. In humans, taurine is produced mainly in the liver, and it can also be obtained from food. In target tissues, such as the retina, heart, and skeletal muscle, it functions as an essential antioxidant, osmolyte, and antiapoptotic agent. Taurine is also involved in energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Taurine plays a considerable role in bone growth and development, and high-profile reports have demonstrated the importance of its metabolism for bone health. However, these reports have not been collated for more than 10 years. Therefore, this review focuses on taurine-bone interactions and covers recently discovered aspects of taurine's effects on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, bone structure, and bone pathologies (e.g., osteoporosis and fracture healing), with due attention to the taurine-cartilage relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pérez-Hernández
- Medical Unit of High Specialty of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation “Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez”, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- National School of Medicine and Homeopathy, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramesh C. Gupta
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD) Nagaland University, Medziphema, India
- Ramesh C. Gupta. School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD) Nagaland University, Medziphema-797106, India Tel: +91-3862-247102, Fax: +91-3862-247113, E-mail:
| | - Nury Pérez-Hernández
- National School of Medicine and Homeopathy, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
- Corresponding authors: Nury Pérez-Hernández. National School of Medicine and Homeopathy, National Polytechnic Institute, 07320, Mexico City, Mexico Tel: +52-5729-6000 ext. 55537, Fax: +52-5729-6000, E-mail:
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Gowrikumar S, Primeaux M, Pravoverov K, Wu C, Szeglin BC, Sauvé CEG, Thapa I, Bastola D, Chen XS, Smith JJ, Singh AB, Dhawan P. A Claudin-Based Molecular Signature Identifies High-Risk, Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092211. [PMID: 34571860 PMCID: PMC8466455 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying molecular characteristics that are associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes through gene expression profiling can help predict treatment responses and clinical outcomes. Claudins are deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). In CRC, increased claudin-1 expression results in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, while claudin-7 functions as a tumor suppressor. In this study, we have developed a molecular signature based on claudin-1 and claudin-7 associated with poor patient survival and chemoresistance. This signature was validated using an integrated approach including publicly available datasets and CRC samples from patients who either responded or did not respond to standard-of-care treatment, CRC cell lines, and patient-derived rectal and colon tumoroids. Transcriptomic analysis from a patient dataset initially yielded 23 genes that were differentially expressed along with higher claudin-1 and decreased claudin-7. From this analysis, we selected a claudins-associated molecular signature including PIK3CA, SLC6A6, TMEM43, and ASAP-1 based on their importance in CRC. The upregulation of these genes and their protein products was validated using multiple CRC patient datasets, in vitro chemoresistant cell lines, and patient-derived tumoroid models. Additionally, blocking these genes improved 5-FU sensitivity in chemoresistant CRC cells. Our findings propose a new claudin-based molecular signature that associates with poor prognosis as well as characteristics of treatment-resistant CRC including chemoresistance, metastasis, and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiprasad Gowrikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Mark Primeaux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Kristina Pravoverov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.W.); (B.C.S.); (C.-E.G.S.); (J.J.S.)
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bryan C. Szeglin
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.W.); (B.C.S.); (C.-E.G.S.); (J.J.S.)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Charles-Etienne Gabriel Sauvé
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.W.); (B.C.S.); (C.-E.G.S.); (J.J.S.)
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- College of Information Science & Technology, University of Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (I.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Dhundy Bastola
- College of Information Science & Technology, University of Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (I.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Xi Steven Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - J. Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.W.); (B.C.S.); (C.-E.G.S.); (J.J.S.)
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(402)-559-6587
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A tailored polylactic acid/polycaprolactone biodegradable and bioactive 3D porous scaffold containing gelatin nanofibers and Taurine for bone regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13366. [PMID: 32770114 PMCID: PMC7414882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of the current study was to develop a functional and bioactive scaffold through the combination of 3D polylactic acid (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) with gelatin nanofibers (GNFs) and Taurine (Tau) for bone defect regeneration. GNFs were fabricated via electrospinning dispersed in PLA/PCL polymer solution, Tau with different concentrations was added, and the polymer solution converted into a 3D and porous scaffold via the thermally-induced phase separation technique. The characterization results showed that the scaffolds have interconnected pores with the porosity of up to 90%. Moreover, Tau increased the wettability and weight loss rate, while compromised the compressive strengths. The scaffolds were hemo- and cytocompatible and supported cell viability and proliferation. The in vivo studies showed that the defects treated with scaffolds filled with new bone. The computed tomography (CT) imaging and histopathological observation revealed that the PLA/PCL/Gel/Tau 10% provided the highest new bone formation, angiogenesis, and woven bone among the treatment groups. Our finding illustrated that the fabricated scaffold was able to regenerate bone within the defect and can be considered as the effective scaffold for bone tissue engineering application.
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Prideaux M, Kitase Y, Kimble M, O'Connell TM, Bonewald LF. Taurine, an osteocyte metabolite, protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death and decreases inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Bone 2020; 137:115374. [PMID: 32330695 PMCID: PMC7369146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Taurine has been shown to have positive effects on bone mass, which are thought to be due in part to its cytoprotective effects on osteoblasts and here we show that taurine also protects osteocytes against cell death due to reactive oxygen species. Using the IDG-SW3 cell line, the expression of the taurine uptake transporter Taut/Slc6a6 is increased during osteoblast to osteocyte differentiation. Taurine had no effect on genes associated with osteoblast to osteocyte differentiation such as Dmp1, Phex or osteocalcin, even at high doses, but a slight yet significant inhibition of alkaline phosphatase was observed at the highest dose (50 mM). No effect was seen on the osteoclast regulatory genes Rankl and Opg, however the wnt antagonist Sost/sclerostin was potently and dose-dependently downregulated in response to taurine supplementation. Taurine also significantly inhibited Dkk1 mRNA expression, but only at 50 mM. Interestingly, osteocytes were found to also be able to synthesize taurine intracellularly, potentially as a self-protective mechanism, but do not secrete the metabolite. A highly significant increase in the expression of cysteine dioxygenase (Cdo), a key enzyme necessary for the production of taurine, was observed with osteoblast to osteocyte differentiation along with a decrease in methionine, the precursor of taurine. For the first time, we describe the synthesis of taurine by osteocytes, potentially to preserve viability and to regulate bone formation through inhibition of sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prideaux
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America.
| | - Y Kitase
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - M Kimble
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - T M O'Connell
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Otolaryngology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - L F Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, United States of America
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Perera D, Medini M, Seethamraju D, Falkowski R, White K, Olabisi RM. The effect of polymer molecular weight and cell seeding density on viability of cells entrapped within PEGDA hydrogel microspheres. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:475-481. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1526341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davina Perera
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Medini
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ron Falkowski
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kristopher White
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ronke M. Olabisi
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Lou J, Han D, Yu H, Yu G, Jin M, Kim SJ. Cytoprotective Effect of Taurine against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in UMR-106 Cells through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:584-590. [PMID: 30060293 PMCID: PMC6254645 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis development is closely associated with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taurine has potential antioxidant effects, but its role in osteoblasts is not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects and mechanisms of actions of taurine on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in osteoblast cells. UMR-106 cells were treated with taurine prior to H2O2 exposure. After treatment, cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular ROS production, malondialdehyde content, and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity were measured. We also investigated the protein levels of β-catenin, ERK, CHOP and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) along with the mRNA levels of Nrf2 downstream antioxidants. The results showed that pretreatment of taurine could reverse the inhibition of cell viability and suppress the induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner: taurine significantly reduced H2O2-induced oxidative damage and expression of CHOP, while it induced protein expression of Nrf2 and β-catenin and activated ERK phosphorylation. DKK1, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, significantly suppressed the taurine-induced Nrf2 signaling pathway and increased CHOP. Activation of ERK signaling mediated by taurine in the presence of H2O2 was significantly inhibited by DKK1. These data demonstrated that taurine protects osteoblast cells against oxidative damage via Wnt/β-catenin-mediated activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lou
- Department of Immunology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Donghe Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- Department of Immunology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Guang Yu
- Department of Immunology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Department of Immunology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.,Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health of Liaoning, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, KyungHee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Colmenares-Aguilar M, Lima L. Role of 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 7 Serotonin Receptors, and Protein Kinases C and A on Taurine Transport in Lymphocytes of Rats Treated with Fluoxetine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 2:1129-1140. [PMID: 28849528 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Fluoxetine, an antidepressant and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, modulates immune cells in vitro. The present study investigates the influence of pharmacological agents which acts as agonist and antagonist of serotonin receptors ex vivo over taurine transport in lymphocytes of rats treated with fluoxetine by one week. The treatment with fluoxetine increase taurine transport and the incubation with the agonist of 5-HT2 receptor, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) counteract this effect, and ketanserin provoked no change in fluoxetine effect. While the agonist of 5-HT7 receptor, 4-[2-(methylthio)phenyl]-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphth alenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide hydrochloride (LP44) had no significant effects, however the differences between Control and Fluoxetine groups were not observed, the antagonist (R)-3-[2-[2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl]phenol hydrochloride (SB269970) had no differences. Preincubation of cells with the diacylglycerol analogue, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) caused inhibition of fluoxetine treatment effect but this not occurred in presence of the PKC inhibitor, 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerol (AMG-C16). Forskolin counteracted the effect of fluoxetine on taurine transport, since at the concentrations used, the rate of taurine transport in Fluoxetine group, returned to Control rate. No significant differences were observed with the PKA inhibitor. Although it is not possible to attribute a definitive role of 5-HT2 receptors in fluoxetine effect on taurine transport, its signaling might affect the function of it. Participation of PKC and PKA have an apparently relevant role in lymphocyte taurine transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Colmenares-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Lucimey Lima
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
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Yao X, Huang H, Li Z, Liu X, Fan W, Wang X, Sun X, Zhu J, Zhou H, Wei H. Taurine Promotes the Cartilaginous Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2344-2353. [PMID: 28397071 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Taurine has been reported to influence osteogenic differentiation, but the role of taurine on cartilaginous differentiation using human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of taurine (0, 1, 5 and 10 mM) on the proliferation and chondrogenesis of hUC-MSCs by analyzing cell proliferation, accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and expression of cartilage specific mRNA. The results show though taurine did not affected the proliferation of hUC-MSCs, 5 mM of taurine is sufficient to enhanced the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and up-regulate cartilage specific mRNA expression, namely collagen type II, aggrecan and SOX9. Taurine also inhibits chondrocyte dedifferentiation by reducing expression of collagen type I mRNA. Taken together, our study reveals that taurine promotes and maintains the chondrogenesis of hUC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6, JiZhao Road, Hexi district, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6, JiZhao Road, Hexi district, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhou Li
- NewScen Coast Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 65 sixth Ave., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Arthro-Anda Tianjin Biologic Technology Co., Ltd., 2F Building No. 2, Tian Bao Industrial Park, Xi Qi Road, Tianjin Airport Industrial Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6, JiZhao Road, Hexi district, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Departement of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6, JiZhao Road, Hexi district, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Sun
- Arthro-Anda Tianjin Biologic Technology Co., Ltd., 2F Building No. 2, Tian Bao Industrial Park, Xi Qi Road, Tianjin Airport Industrial Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Arthro-Anda Tianjin Biologic Technology Co., Ltd., 2F Building No. 2, Tian Bao Industrial Park, Xi Qi Road, Tianjin Airport Industrial Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Zhou
- NewScen Coast Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 65 sixth Ave., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Wei
- Arthro-Anda Tianjin Biologic Technology Co., Ltd., 2F Building No. 2, Tian Bao Industrial Park, Xi Qi Road, Tianjin Airport Industrial Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
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Roşca AE, Stoian I, Badiu C, Gaman L, Popescu BO, Iosif L, Mirica R, Tivig IC, Stancu CS, Căruntu C, Voiculescu SE, Zăgrean L. Impact of chronic administration of anabolic androgenic steroids and taurine on blood pressure in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5116. [PMID: 27254659 PMCID: PMC4932817 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supraphysiological administration of anabolic androgenic steroids has been linked to
increased blood pressure. The widely distributed amino acid taurine seems to be an
effective depressor agent in drug-induced hypertension. The purpose of this study was
to assess the impact of chronic high dose administration of nandrolone decanoate
(DECA) and taurine on blood pressure in rats and to verify the potentially involved
mechanisms. The study was conducted in 4 groups of 8 adult male Wistar rats, aged 14
weeks, treated for 12 weeks with: DECA (A group); vehicle (C group); taurine (T
group), or with both drugs (AT group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at
the beginning of the study (SBP1), 2 (SBP2) and 3 months
(SBP3) later. Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and
plasma end products of nitric oxide metabolism (NOx) were also determined.
SBP3 and SBP2 were significantly increased compared to
SBP1 only in the A group (P<0.002 for both). SBP2,
SBP3 and ACE activity showed a statistically significant increase in
the A vs C (P<0.005), andvs AT groups
(P<0.05), while NOx was significantly decreased in the A and AT groups
vs controls (P=0.01). ACE activity was strongly correlated with
SBP3 in the A group (r=0.71, P=0.04). These findings suggest that oral
supplementation of taurine may prevent the increase in SBP induced by DECA, an effect
potentially mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Roşca
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - I Stoian
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Badiu
- C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Gaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - B O Popescu
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, Department of Neurology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Iosif
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Mirica
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - I C Tivig
- R&D Irist Labmed, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C S Stancu
- Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, N. Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Căruntu
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S E Voiculescu
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Zăgrean
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Wang L, Wu B, Zhang Y, Tian Z. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells via the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5267-73. [PMID: 26151812 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the role of hypoxia have concentrated on hypoxic damage to cells and the associated adaptative mechanisms, however, the effects of hypoxia on cell proliferation and differentiation have received less attention. The present study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia on the proliferation of MC3T3‑E1 cells and examine the molecular mechanism involved. Cells treated with low levels of hypoxia had an increased percentage of S phase cells and a decreased percentage of G1 phase cells, promoted the level of cell proliferation‑associated proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D. In addition, hypoxia increased cell proliferation by upregulating the expression of hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF)‑1α. The phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt and mitogen‑activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase pathways augmented the expression of HIF‑1α in the MC3T3‑E1 cells. The present study demonstrated that hypoxia induces positive effects on osteoblast proliferation, suggesting a novel strategy in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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11
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Zhang X, Liang D, Guo L, Liang W, Jiang Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Lu S, Chi ZH. Curcumin protects renal tubular epithelial cells from high glucose-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1347-55. [PMID: 25823828 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been observed to exhibit an anti-fibrotic effect in the liver, lung and gallbladder. However, the mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective effects of curcumin remain to be elucidated. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mature tubular epithelial cells in the kidney is considered to contribute to the renal accumulation of matrix proteins associated with diabetic nephropathy. The EMT is also closely associated with the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis and oxidative stress. This process may occur through abrogation of high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress via activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in kidney tubular epithelial cells. In the present study, the effect of curcumin on HG-induced EMT in the NRK-52E normal rat kidney tubular epithelial cell line was investigated, and whether the effect of curcumin was mediated by the induction of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression was examined. The present study revealed that curcumin was able to prevent events associated with EMT, including the downregulation of E-cadherin and the increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Further analysis revealed that the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein were elevated to a greater extent in the curcumin pretreated NRK-52E cells compared with those of the control. Notably, knockdown of Nrf2 with small interfering RNA prevented the curcumin-induced elevation in expression of HO-1 and the associated anti-fibrotic effects. In conclusion, the present findings suggested that curcumin may be significant in cellular antioxidant defense, through the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1, thereby protecting the NRK-52E cells from HG-induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Benxi Center Hospital, China Medical University, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liang
- Troops of 95935 Unit, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150111, P.R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- Troops of 93253 Unit, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150111, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Benxi Center Hospital, China Medical University, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Benxi Center Hospital, China Medical University, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, P.R. China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Troops of 95935 Unit, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150111, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shumin Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Benxi Center Hospital, China Medical University, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Chi
- Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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12
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Mollazadeh S, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Kerachian MA. Role of apoptosis in pathogenesis and treatment of bone-related diseases. J Orthop Surg Res 2015; 10:15. [PMID: 25627748 PMCID: PMC4327805 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-015-0152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, bone cells and their intercellular communications have been reviewed. Gap junctions and hemichannels are the main routes of interactions in bone tissue. They play a substantial role in survival and cell death, since pro-apoptotic signals can propagate through them. Different adhesion molecules are required for apoptosis, particularly caspase family as well as noncaspase proteases. The disruption outcome of apoptosis could result in bone-related diseases such as osteonecrosis. Anti-apoptotic strategies include inhibition of caspase, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), and Bcl-2 proteins as well as induction of the PKB/Akt pathway and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins. Thus, understanding the mechanism of apoptosis gives detailed insights of anti-apoptotic molecular targets. Based on these targets, different treatments were designed and produced such as estrogen replacement therapy, administration of different bisphosphonates, raloxifene, calcitonin, sodium fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D. As a result, new applicable drugs for treatment of related bone problems can be proposed for clinical approach especially in the early stage of diseases.
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13
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Karjalainen HM, Qu C, Leskelä SS, Rilla K, Lammi MJ. Chondrocytic cells express the taurine transporter on their plasma membrane and regulate its expression under anisotonic conditions. Amino Acids 2014; 47:561-70. [PMID: 25501278 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is a small organic osmolyte which participates in cell volume regulation. Chondrocytes have been shown to accumulate and release taurine; in bone, taurine participates in bone metabolism. However, its role in skeletal cells is poorly understood, especially in chondrocytes. This study investigated the regulation of taurine transporter in chondrocytic cells. We examined the transcriptional regulation of the taurine transporter under anisotonia by reporter gene and real-time RT-PCR assays. The effect of providing supplementary taurine on cell viability was evaluated with the lactate dehydrogenase release assay. The localization of the taurine transporter in human chondrosarcoma cells was studied by overexpressing a taurine transporter-enhanced green fluorescent protein. We observed that the transcription of the taurine transporter gene was up-regulated in hypertonic conditions. Hyperosmolarity-related cell death could be partly abolished by taurine supplementation in the medium. As expected, the fluorescently labeled taurine transporter localized at the plasma membrane. In polarized epithelial MDCK cells, the strongest fluorescence signal was located in the lateral cell membrane area. We also observed that the taurine transporter gene was expressed in several human tissues and malignant cell lines. This is the first study to present information on the transcriptional regulation of taurine transporter gene and the localization of the taurine transporter protein in chondrocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu M Karjalainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland,
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14
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Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is widely distributed in animal tissues and has
diverse pharmacological effects. However, the role of taurine in modulating smooth
muscle contractility is still controversial. We propose that taurine (5-80 mM) can
exert bidirectional modulation on the contractility of isolated rat jejunal segments.
Different low and high contractile states were induced in isolated jejunal segments
of rats to observe the effects of taurine and the associated mechanisms. Taurine
induced stimulatory effects on the contractility of isolated rat jejunal segments at
3 different low contractile states, and inhibitory effects at 3 different high
contractile states. Bidirectional modulation was not observed in the presence of
verapamil or tetrodotoxin, suggesting that taurine-induced bidirectional modulation
is Ca2+ dependent and requires the presence of the enteric nervous system.
The stimulatory effects of taurine on the contractility of isolated jejunal segments
was blocked by atropine but not by diphenhydramine or by cimetidine, suggesting that
muscarinic-linked activation was involved in the stimulatory effects when isolated
jejunal segments were in a low contractile state. The inhibitory effects of taurine
on the contractility of isolated jejunal segments were blocked by propranolol and
L-NG-nitroarginine but not by phentolamine, suggesting that adrenergic β receptors
and a nitric oxide relaxing mechanism were involved when isolated jejunal segments
were in high contractile states. No bidirectional effects of taurine on myosin
phosphorylation were observed. The contractile states of jejunal segments determine
taurine-induced stimulatory or inhibitory effects, which are associated with
muscarinic receptors and adrenergic β receptors, and a nitric oxide associated
relaxing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Yao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - D P Chen
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - D M Ye
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Y P Diao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Y Lin
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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15
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Xu S, Yang Y, Han S, Wu Z. ZIP1 and zinc inhibits fluoride-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:399-409. [PMID: 24752969 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Excess fluoride intake could induce apoptosis in the cells. As an essential micronutrient and cytoprotectant, zinc is involved in many types of apoptosis. Here, we studied the effects of zinc and ZIP1 on fluoride-induced apoptosis in mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our study found that fluoride not only inhibited cell proliferation and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also induced cell apoptosis. Whereas pretreatment with zinc significantly attenuated fluoride-induced ROS production and partly protected cells against fluoride-induced apoptosis through MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Our study also found that fluoride upregulated the expression of ZIP1 in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, overexpression of ZIP1 also inhibited fluoride-induced apoptosis by activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. This cytoprotective effect of zinc and ZIP1 may be new factors that affect the physiological activity of fluoride and need study further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Chu Q, Wang ZY, Li H, Chi ZH. Zinc modulates high glucose-induced apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress in renal tubular epithelial cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:259-67. [PMID: 24591003 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a characteristic of diabetic nephropathy, inducing renal tubular cell apoptosis by eliciting oxidative stress and inflammation. Zinc (Zn) is known as an essential trace element in many enzymes and proteins involved in antioxidant defenses, electron transport, and exerting antiapoptotic or cytoprotective effects. In this study, the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of Zn on high glucose-induced cytotoxicity were explored using cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E). The authors discovered that Zn supplementation inhibited high glucose (HG)-induced NRK-52E cell apoptosis by attenuating reactive oxygen species production, inhibiting HG-induced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, and inhibiting the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. Further analysis revealed that Zn supplementation facilitated cell survival through increasing nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), leading to increased regulation of levels of two antioxidant enzymes, hemeoxygenase-1 and glutamate cysteine ligase, which provided an adaptive survival response against the HG-induced oxidative cytotoxicity. Moreover, the Zn-mediated increases in Nrf2 activity were suppressed by the pharmacological inhibition of Akt or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Taken together, these findings suggest that Zn antiapoptosis capacity through the activation of Akt and ERK signal pathways leads to Nrf2 activation and, subsequently, Nrf2 target gene induction, thereby protecting the NRK-52E cells from HG-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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17
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In vitro responses of hFOB1.19 cells towards chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) skin gelatin hydrolysates in cell proliferation, cycle progression and apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Liu LJ, Liu LQ, Bo T, Li SJ, Zhu Z, Cui RR, Mao DA. Puerarin Suppress Apoptosis of Human Osteoblasts via ERK Signaling Pathway. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:786574. [PMID: 23843790 PMCID: PMC3694486 DOI: 10.1155/2013/786574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, the main isoflavone glycoside extracted from Radix Puerariae, is an isoflavone traditional Chinese herb. Previous studies have demonstrated that puerarin could regulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation to promote bone formation. However, the effect of puerarin on the process of human osteoblasts (hOBs) apoptosis is still unclear. In this study, we detected the function of puerarin on serum-free-induced cell apoptosis using ELISA and TUNEL arrays and then found that the mortality of hOBs was significantly decreased after exposure to 10(-10)-10(-6) M puerarin and reached the maximal antiapoptotic effect at the concentration of 10(-8) M. In addition, compared with the control group, puerarin notably increased the Bcl-2 protein levels while it decreased the Bax protein levels in the hOBs in a dose-dependent way. 10(-7) M puerarin decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio with a maximal decrease to 0.08. Moreover, puerarin activated ERK signaling pathways in hOBs, and the antiapoptotic effect induced by puerarin was abolished by incubation of ERK inhibitor PD98059. Similarly, the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182780 also suppressed the inhibitory effect of puerarin on hOBs apoptosis. In conclusion, puerarin could prevent hOBs apoptosis via ERK signaling pathway, which might be effective in providing protection against bone loss and bone remolding associated with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-juan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Li-qun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shi-jun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rong-rong Cui
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- *Rong-rong Cui: and
| | - Ding-an Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- *Ding-an Mao:
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19
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Zhang X, Liang D, Guo B, Yang L, Wang L, Ma J. Zinc inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis in peritoneal mesothelial cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:424-32. [PMID: 22826039 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in influencing many types of apoptosis. However, its function in apoptosis in peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) remains unknown. Here, we studied the effects of Zn on high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis in rat PMCs (RPMCs) and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that Zn supplementation inhibited HG-induced RPMC apoptosis significantly, by attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inhibiting HG-induced sFasR and sFasL over-expression, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation, and inhibiting release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. Further analysis revealed that Zn supplementation facilitated cell survival through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK pathways. These results indicate that Zn can inhibit apoptosis in HG-induced RPMCs by several independent mechanisms, including an indirect antioxidative effect and probably by inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
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20
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Vaspin attenuates the apoptosis of human osteoblasts through ERK signaling pathway. Amino Acids 2012; 44:961-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Liang D, Yang M, Guo B, Cao J, Yang L, Guo X, Li Y, Gao Z. Zinc inhibits H(2)O(2)-induced MC3T3-E1 cells apoptosis via MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:420-9. [PMID: 22434380 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc has been shown to increase bone mass and promote bone cell proliferation and differentiation. We, therefore, hypothesized that zinc might be cytoprotective for bone cells during oxidative stress. The cells were divided into H(2)O(2), zinc and zinc+H(2)O(2) groups. In the present study, zinc was found to inhibit H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells, as shown by analysis of Annexin V/PI double staining. Western blot data showed that in zinc+H(2)O(2)-treated cells, zinc decreased the levels of AIF, Bax and active caspase-9 and -3, which are pro-apoptotic factors. And zinc inhibited release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol in zinc+H(2)O(2)-treated cells. Further investigation shows that protection is via activation of PI3K/Akt/mTor and MAPK /ERK pathways and inhibition of MAPK/P38 and MAPK/JNK pathways. Protecting osteoblast cells from oxidative damage presents a potential application in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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