1
|
Kuznetsova IL, Uralsky LI, Tyazhelova TV, Andreeva TV, Rogaev EI. Mosaic loss of the Y chromosome in human neurodegenerative and oncological diseases. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:502-511. [PMID: 37808213 PMCID: PMC10551935 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new biomarkers for prediction and early detection of human diseases, as well as for monitoring the response to therapy is one of the most relevant areas of modern human genetics and genomics. Until recently, it was believed that the function of human Y chromosome genes was limited to determining sex and controlling spermatogenesis. Thanks to occurance of large databases of the genome-wide association study (GWAS), there has been a transition to the use of large samples for analyzing genetic changes in both normal and pathological conditions. This has made it possible to assess the association of mosaic aneuploidy of the Y chromosome in somatic cells with a shorter lifespan in men compared to women. Based on data from the UK Biobank, an association was found between mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (mLOY) in peripheral blood leukocytes and the age of men over 70, as well as a number of oncological, cardiac, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. As a result, mLOY in peripheral blood cells has been considered a potential marker of biological age in men and as a marker of certain age-related diseases. Currently, numerous associations have been identified between mLOY and genes based on GWAS and transcriptomes in affected tissues. However, the exact cause of mLOY and the impact and consequences of this phenomenon at the whole organism level have not been established. In particular, it is unclear whether aneuploidy of the Y chromosome in blood cells may affect the development of pathologies that manifest in other organs, such as the brain in Alzheimer's disease, or whether it is a neutral biomarker of general genomic instability. This review examines the main pathologies and genetic factors associated with mLOY, as well as the hypotheses regarding their interplay. Special attention is given to recent studies on mLOY in brain cells in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I L Kuznetsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Moscow, Russia Sirius University of Science and Technology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - L I Uralsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Moscow, Russia Sirius University of Science and Technology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - T V Tyazhelova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Andreeva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Moscow, Russia Sirius University of Science and Technology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sochi, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University, Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Rogaev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Moscow, Russia Sirius University of Science and Technology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sochi, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University, Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heydari R, Jangravi Z, Maleknia S, Seresht-Ahmadi M, Bahari Z, Salekdeh GH, Meyfour A. Y chromosome is moving out of sex determination shadow. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:4. [PMID: 34983649 PMCID: PMC8724748 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sex hormones play a key role in sex differences in susceptibility, severity, outcomes, and response to therapy of different diseases, sex chromosomes are also increasingly recognized as an important factor. Studies demonstrated that the Y chromosome is not a 'genetic wasteland' and can be a useful genetic marker for interpreting various male-specific physiological and pathophysiological characteristics. Y chromosome harbors male‑specific genes, which either solely or in cooperation with their X-counterpart, and independent or in conjunction with sex hormones have a considerable impact on basic physiology and disease mechanisms in most or all tissues development. Furthermore, loss of Y chromosome and/or aberrant expression of Y chromosome genes cause sex differences in disease mechanisms. With the launch of the human proteome project (HPP), the association of Y chromosome proteins with pathological conditions has been increasingly explored. In this review, the involvement of Y chromosome genes in male-specific diseases such as prostate cancer and the cases that are more prevalent in men, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and cancers, has been highlighted. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Y chromosome-related diseases can have a significant impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jangravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Maleknia
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Seresht-Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahari
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ouseph MM, Hasserjian RP, Dal Cin P, Lovitch SB, Steensma DP, Nardi V, Weinberg OK. Genomic alterations in patients with somatic loss of the Y chromosome as the sole cytogenetic finding in bone marrow cells. Haematologica 2021; 106:555-564. [PMID: 32193254 PMCID: PMC7849577 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.240689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) is one of the most common somatic genomic alterations in hematopoietic cells in men. However, due to the high prevalence of LOY as the sole cytogenetic finding in the healthy older population, differentiating isolated LOY associated with clonal hematologic processes from aging-associated mosaicism can be difficult in the absence of definitive morphological features of disease. In the past, various investigators have proposed that a high percentage of metaphases with LOY is more likely to represent expansion of a clonal myeloid disease-associated population. It is unknown whether the proportion of metaphases with LOY is associated with the incidence of myeloid neoplasia-associated genomic alterations. To address this question, we identified bone marrow samples with LOY as an isolated cytogenetic finding and used targeted next generation sequencing-based molecular analysis to identify common myeloid neoplasia-associated somatic mutations. Among 73 patients with a median age of 75 years (range, 29-90), the percentage of metaphases with LOY was <25% in 23 patients, 25-49% in 10, 50-74% in 8 and ≥75% in 32. A threshold of ≥75% LOY was significantly associated with a morphological diagnosis of myeloid neoplasm (P=0.004). Furthermore, ≥75% LOY was associated with a higher lifetime incidence of a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (P<0.0001), and in multivariate analysis ≥75% LOY was a statistically significant independent predictor of myeloid neoplasia (odds ratio 6.17; 95% confidence interval: 2.15-17.68; P=0.0007]. Higher LOY percentage (≥75%) was associated with greater likelihood of having somatic mutations (P=0.0009) and a higher number of these mutations (P=0.0002). Our findings indicate that ≥75% LOY in bone marrow cells is associated with an increased likelihood of molecular aberrations in genes commonly seen to be altered in myeloid neoplasia and with morphological features of MDS. These observations suggest that ≥75% LOY in bone marrow should be considered an MDS-associated cytogenetic aberration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu M Ouseph
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Scott B Lovitch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - David P Steensma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children Hospital, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hollows R, Wei W, Cazier J, Mehanna H, Parry G, Halford G, Murray P. Association between loss of Y chromosome and poor prognosis in male head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2019; 41:993-1006. [PMID: 30582241 PMCID: PMC6492017 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is more prevalent in men than women and this disparity cannot be fully explained by known risk factors. Recent studies have shown that loss of Y chromosome (LoY) confers an increased risk of solid cancer and reduces life expectancy in men. METHODS Using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we investigated the prevalence of LoY and its association with clinicopathological features in male HNSCC. RESULTS LoY was detectable in around 25% of male HNSCC. Men with human papillomavirus-negative tumors exhibiting LoY experienced significantly worse overall survival than those with no LoY. Moreover, LoY tumors exhibited overexpression of genes involved in redox processes, including genes previously implicated in resistance to both radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapeutics. CONCLUSION LoY may be an indicator of poor prognosis in male HNSCC that is linked to the overexpression of genes associated with resistance to standard care therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hollows
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Computational BiologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Sheffield Institute of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Cazier
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Computational BiologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE)University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Parry
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Graham Halford
- Regional Genetics LaboratoryBirmingham Women's HospitalBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Murray
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Post-zygotic variation refers to genetic changes that arise in the soma of an individual and that are not usually inherited by the next generation. Although there is a paucity of research on such variation, emerging studies show that it is common: individuals are complex mosaics of genetically distinct cells, to such an extent that no two somatic cells are likely to have the exact same genome. Although most types of mutation can be involved in post-zygotic variation, structural genetic variants are likely to leave the largest genomic footprint. Somatic variation has diverse physiological roles and pathological consequences, particularly when acquired variants influence the clonal trajectories of the affected cells. Post-zygotic variation is an important confounder in medical genetic testing and a promising avenue for research: future studies could involve analyses of sorted and single cells from multiple tissue types to fully explore its potential.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dunford A, Weinstock DM, Savova V, Schumacher SE, Cleary JP, Yoda A, Sullivan TJ, Hess JM, Gimelbrant AA, Beroukhim R, Lawrence MS, Getz G, Lane AA. Tumor-suppressor genes that escape from X-inactivation contribute to cancer sex bias. Nat Genet 2016; 49:10-16. [PMID: 27869828 PMCID: PMC5206905 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a striking and unexplained male predominance across many cancer types. A subset of X-chromosome genes can escape X-inactivation, which would protect females from complete functional loss by a single mutation. To identify putative 'escape from X-inactivation tumor-suppressor' (EXITS) genes, we examined somatic alterations from >4,100 cancers across 21 tumor types for sex bias. Six of 783 non-pseudoautosomal region (PAR) X-chromosome genes (ATRX, CNKSR2, DDX3X, KDM5C, KDM6A, and MAGEC3) harbored loss-of-function mutations more frequently in males (based on a false discovery rate < 0.1), in comparison to zero of 18,055 autosomal and PAR genes (Fisher's exact P < 0.0001). Male-biased mutations in genes that escape X-inactivation were observed in combined analysis across many cancers and in several individual tumor types, suggesting a generalized phenomenon. We conclude that biallelic expression of EXITS genes in females explains a portion of the reduced cancer incidence in females as compared to males across a variety of tumor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dunford
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David M Weinstock
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virginia Savova
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven E Schumacher
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John P Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akinori Yoda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Julian M Hess
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander A Gimelbrant
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew A Lane
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dumanski JP, Lambert JC, Rasi C, Giedraitis V, Davies H, Grenier-Boley B, Lindgren CM, Campion D, Dufouil C, Pasquier F, Amouyel P, Lannfelt L, Ingelsson M, Kilander L, Lind L, Forsberg LA, Forsberg LA. Mosaic Loss of Chromosome Y in Blood Is Associated with Alzheimer Disease. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:1208-1219. [PMID: 27231129 PMCID: PMC4908225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Men have a shorter life expectancy compared with women but the underlying factor(s) are not clear. Late-onset, sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common and lethal neurodegenerative disorder and many germline inherited variants have been found to influence the risk of developing AD. Our previous results show that a fundamentally different genetic variant, i.e., lifetime-acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in blood cells, is associated with all-cause mortality and an increased risk of non-hematological tumors and that LOY could be induced by tobacco smoking. We tested here a hypothesis that men with LOY are more susceptible to AD and show that LOY is associated with AD in three independent studies of different types. In a case-control study, males with AD diagnosis had higher degree of LOY mosaicism (adjusted odds ratio = 2.80, p = 0.0184, AD events = 606). Furthermore, in two prospective studies, men with LOY at blood sampling had greater risk for incident AD diagnosis during follow-up time (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.80, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.16–21.43, AD events = 140, p = 0.0011). Thus, LOY in blood is associated with risks of both AD and cancer, suggesting a role of LOY in blood cells on disease processes in other tissues, possibly via defective immunosurveillance. As a male-specific risk factor, LOY might explain why males on average live shorter lives than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars A Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Noveski P, Madjunkova S, Sukarova Stefanovska E, Matevska Geshkovska N, Kuzmanovska M, Dimovski A, Plaseska-Karanfilska D. Loss of Y Chromosome in Peripheral Blood of Colorectal and Prostate Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146264. [PMID: 26745889 PMCID: PMC4706411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although age-related loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in normal hematopoietic cells is a well-known phenomenon, the phenotypic consequences of LOY have been elusive. However, LOY has been found in association with smoking, shorter survival and higher risk of cancer. It was suggested that LOY in blood cells could become a predictive biomarker of male carcinogenesis. Aims, Methods & Findings To investigate the association of LOY in blood cells with the risk for development of colorectal (CC) and prostate cancers (PC), we have analyzed DNA samples from peripheral blood of 101 CC male patients (mean age 60.5±11.9 yrs), 70 PC patients (mean age 68.8±8.0 yrs) and 93 healthy control males (mean age 65.8±16.6 yrs). The methodology included co-amplification of homologous sequences on chromosome Y and other chromosomes using multiplex quantitative fluorescent (QF) PCR followed by automatic detection and analysis on ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer. The mean Y/X ratio was significantly lower in the whole group of cancer patients (0.907±0.12; p = 1.17x10-9) in comparison to the controls (1.015±0.15), as well as in CC (0.884±0.15; p = 3.76x10-9) and PC patients (0.941±0.06; p = 0.00012), when analyzed separately. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for LOY and age showed that LOY is a more significant predictor of cancer presence than age, and that age probably does not contribute to the increased number of subjects with detectable LOY in cancer patients cohort. Conclusion In conclusion, our results support the recent findings of association of LOY in blood cells with carcinogenesis in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Noveski
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Svetlana Madjunkova
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Emilija Sukarova Stefanovska
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Nadica Matevska Geshkovska
- Center for Biomolecular Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Maja Kuzmanovska
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- Center for Biomolecular Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dumanski JP, Rasi C, Lönn M, Davies H, Ingelsson M, Giedraitis V, Lannfelt L, Magnusson PKE, Lindgren CM, Morris AP, Cesarini D, Johannesson M, Tiensuu Janson E, Lind L, Pedersen NL, Ingelsson E, Forsberg LA. Mutagenesis. Smoking is associated with mosaic loss of chromosome Y. Science 2015; 347:81-3. [PMID: 25477213 PMCID: PMC4356728 DOI: 10.1126/science.1262092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for numerous disorders, including cancers affecting organs outside the respiratory tract. Epidemiological data suggest that smoking is a greater risk factor for these cancers in males compared with females. This observation, together with the fact that males have a higher incidence of and mortality from most non-sex-specific cancers, remains unexplained. Loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in blood cells is associated with increased risk of nonhematological tumors. We demonstrate here that smoking is associated with LOY in blood cells in three independent cohorts [TwinGene: odds ratio (OR) = 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.8 to 6.7; Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men: OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.6 to 3.6; and Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors: OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.4 to 8.4] encompassing a total of 6014 men. The data also suggest that smoking has a transient and dose-dependent mutagenic effect on LOY status. The finding that smoking induces LOY thus links a preventable risk factor with the most common acquired human mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Dumanski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Chiara Rasi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lönn
- Södertörn University, School of Life Sciences, Biology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Cesarini
- Center for Experimental Social Science, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Magnus Johannesson
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars A Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Busso-Lopes AF, Marchi FA, Kuasne H, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Trindade-Filho JCS, de Jesus CMN, Lopes A, Guimarães GC, Rogatto SR. Genomic profiling of human penile carcinoma predicts worse prognosis and survival. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 8:149-56. [PMID: 25502573 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying penile carcinoma are still poorly understood, and the detection of genetic markers would be of great benefit for these patients. In this study, we assessed the genomic profile aiming at identifying potential prognostic biomarkers in penile carcinoma. Globally, 46 penile carcinoma samples were considered to evaluate DNA copy-number alterations via array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) combined with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping. Specific genes were investigated by using qPCR, FISH, and RT-qPCR. Genomic alterations mapped at 3p and 8p were related to worse prognostic features, including advanced T and clinical stage, recurrence and death from the disease. Losses of 3p21.1-p14.3 and gains of 3q25.31-q29 were associated with reduced cancer-specific and disease-free survival. Genomic alterations detected for chromosome 3 (LAMP3, PPARG, TNFSF10 genes) and 8 (DLC1) were evaluated by qPCR. DLC1 and PPARG losses were associated with poor prognosis characteristics. Losses of DLC1 were an independent risk factor for recurrence on multivariate analysis. The gene-expression analysis showed downexpression of DLC1 and PPARG and overexpression of LAMP3 and TNFSF10 genes. Chromosome Y losses and MYC gene (8q24) gains were confirmed by FISH. HPV infection was detected in 34.8% of the samples, and 19 differential genomic regions were obtained related to viral status. At first time, we described recurrent copy-number alterations and its potential prognostic value in penile carcinomas. We also showed a specific genomic profile according to HPV infection, supporting the hypothesis that penile tumors present distinct etiologies according to virus status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane F Busso-Lopes
- CIPE-Cancer Treatment and Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio A Marchi
- CIPE-Cancer Treatment and Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- CIPE-Cancer Treatment and Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ademar Lopes
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia R Rogatto
- CIPE-Cancer Treatment and Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mosaic loss of chromosome Y in peripheral blood is associated with shorter survival and higher risk of cancer. Nat Genet 2014; 46:624-8. [PMID: 24777449 PMCID: PMC5536222 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Incidence and mortality for sex-unspecific cancers is higher among men and is largely unexplained1,2. Furthermore, age-related loss of chromosome Y (LOY) is frequent in normal haematopoietic cells3,4, but the phenotypic consequences of LOY have been elusive5–10. From analysis of 1153 elderly men, we report that LOY was associated with risks of all-cause mortality (HR=1.91, 95% CI=1.17-3.13, events=637) and non-haematological cancer mortality (HR=3.62, CI=1.56-8.41, events=132). LOY affected at least 8.2% of subjects in this cohort and median survival among men with LOY was 5.5 years shorter. Risk of all-cause mortality and LOY was validated in an independent cohort (HR=3.66), in which 20.5% of subjects displayed LOY. These results illustrate the impact of post-zygotic mosaicism on disease risk, could explain why males are more frequently affected by cancer and suggest that chromosome Y is important in processes beyond sex determination. LOY in blood could become a predictive biomarker of male carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|