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Koh RB, Harrison TM. Acupuncture in Zoological Companion Animals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:257-280. [PMID: 36402485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, the concept of pain management in veterinary medicine has evolved and led to the establishment of a new concept of multimodal approach to pain management, as the current standard of care. The use of multimodal analgesia combining pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic techniques not only helps optimize the quality and efficacy of analgesia but also may prevent the development of chronic or persistent pain. During the past decade, acupuncture has become more popular and evolved into one of the most used forms of integrative medicine interventions and nonpharmacologic therapeutic options for pain management in humans and animals in North America and Europe. There is ample evidence from basic and clinical research for acupuncture is effective in the treatment of acute and chronic pain by influencing neural networks of the nervous system. While in the modern days' veterinary acupuncture has been predominantly used in horses and dogs, its popularity in zoologic companion animals (ZCA) has increased in recent years as an adjunct therapy for treating musculoskeletal, neurologic, and gastrointestinal disorders due to its minimal invasiveness and low risk of adverse events. The integrative use of acupuncture has become even more important with the increasingly limited use of opiates in veterinary medicine due to the opiate crisis. The purpose of this article aims to provide guidance for using acupuncture for pain management in ZCA in clinical practice, based on available information and recommendations from experienced veterinary acupuncturists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Koh
- Integrative Medicine Service, UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Road, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Tara M Harrison
- Exotic Animal Medicine Service, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Ferro ACZB, Cannolas C, Reginato JC, Luna SPL. Postoperative Acupuncture is as Effective as Preoperative Acupuncture or Meloxicam in Dogs Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy: a Blind Randomized Study. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2022; 15:181-188. [PMID: 35770548 DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture has the same analgesic effect as non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and opioids. It is challenging to perform preoperative acupuncture in unmanageable animals, while the residual postoperative anesthetic effect facilitates the performance of acupuncture postoperatively. Objectives To compare preoperative acupuncture or meloxicam versus postoperative acupuncture for postoperative analgesia after ovariohysterectomy. Methods This is a horizontal prospective positive control blind randomized experimental study. Thirty-six dogs were randomly divided into three groups: GA (preemptive acupuncture), GPA (postoperative acupuncture), and GM (meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg IV preoperatively). After sedation with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg IM), anesthesia was induced with propofol (5.3 ± 0.3 mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane/O2. Fentanyl (2 μg/kg, IV) was administered immediately before surgery. Bilateral acupuncture was performed at acupoints Large intestine 4, Spleen 6, and Stomach 36 for 20 minutes, before (GA) or immediately after surgery (GPA). Pain was evaluated by an observer blind to the treatment using the Glasgow scale before and for 24 hours after ovariohysterectomy. Dogs with a score ≥ 6 received rescue analgesia with morphine (0.5 mg/kg IM). Nonparametric data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's test and parametric data by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Results Two GA and one GPA dogs received rescue analgesia once. Two GM dogs received rescue analgesia and one of those was treated again twice. There were no differences in the number of dogs receiving rescue analgesia between groups (p = 0.80). Conclusion Postoperative acupuncture was as effective as preoperative acupuncture or meloxicam in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Zago Basilio Ferro
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bacarin CDC, Nicácio GM, Cerazo LMDL, Peruchi LG, Cassu RN. Perioperative Analgesic Efficacy of Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture for Canine Mastectomy Combined with Ovariohysterectomy: a Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2022; 15:121-129. [PMID: 35770579 DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) is a therapy based on the stimulation of points on the scalp and applied to treat different states of pain. Objectives To investigate the analgesic efficacy of YNSA for dogs undergoing radical unilateral mastectomy with ovariohysterectomy. Methods Twenty-four dogs were randomly distributed into two treatments (n = 12, per group): bilateral stimulation of basic B, D, and E points (YNSA group) and no application of acupuncture (control group). All dogs were sedated with morphine; anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Fentanyl was intraoperatively administered to control cardiovascular responses to surgical stimulation. Postoperative pain was assessed using an interactive visual analog scale (IVAS) and the short-form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). Morphine was administered as rescue analgesia. Data were analyzed using t-tests, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test (p < 0.05). Results Intraoperatively, the number of dogs requiring supplemental analgesic and the number of doses of fentanyl were lower in the YNSA group than in the control group (p = 0.027-0.034). The IVAS pain scores recorded from 0.5 h to 1 h post-extubation in the YNSA group were lower than those in the control group (p = 0.021-0.023). Postoperative rescue analgesia and CMPS-SF pain scores did not differ between the groups. Conclusion YNSA decreases intraoperative fentanyl requirements and provides minimal postoperative analgesic benefits to dogs undergoing unilateral mastectomy with ovariohysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Carvalho Bacarin
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Montoro Nicácio
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Maria de Lima Cerazo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luíza Guimarães Peruchi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Navarro Cassu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Serafim EL, Pazzini JM, Rocha MDCP, Linhares LCM, Nardi ABD, Gartner MDFM, Amorim I, Rema A, Faria F, Uscategui RAR, Almeida VTD, Calpaa CA, Calazans SG. Closure of defects in a geometric figure pattern associated with tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v22e-7072e-70728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The use of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine can provide better intra- and postoperative analgesia that would benefit extensive reconstructive surgery. However, lidocaine can interfere with the healing process. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the local interference of the healing of induced and closed skin defects in a geometric pattern associated with the use of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine in rabbits. Furthermore, we assessed its influence on cardiorespiratory parameters and postoperative analgesia. This study included 27 rabbits divided into three groups: GC (without the use of tumescence), GS (use of tumescence with 0.9% NaCl solution), and GL (use of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine). There was no statistically significant intergroup difference in any stage of the wound healing process on macroscopic evaluations, in the angiogenesis process, or in the process of collagenization and fibroblast deposition. There were significant differences in heart rate (lower in GL), respiratory rate (higher in GC), mean arterial pressure (higher in GL), and expired concentration of isoflurane (lower in GL). There was no significant intergroup difference in the von Frey filament test or the visual analog scale score used to evaluate postoperative analgesia. We concluded that tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine does not impair postoperative tissue repair. Its use features benefits such as reducing the volume of inhaled anesthetic, maintaining the anesthesia plan, stable heart and respiratory rates, and lower hypotension during the surgical procedure.
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Vullo C, Tambella AM, Falcone A, Marino G, Catone G. Constant Rate Infusion of Lidocaine, Tumescent Anesthesia and Their Combination in Dogs Undergoing Unilateral Mastectomy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051280. [PMID: 33946987 PMCID: PMC8146467 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumescent anesthesia (TUM) is a technique that was initially used to perform liposuction under local anesthesia, which consists of the injection of such large volumes of local anesthetic until to produce swelling and firmness (tumescence) of the surgical area. The aim of this study was to compare the intraoperative analgesic efficacy of lidocaine (LID) constant rate infusion (CRI), of TUM, or their combination (LID/TUM) and the postoperative pain and analgesic requirement in dogs undergoing unilateral mastectomy. Twenty-four dogs were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg) and methadone (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously (IV). After induction with propofol IV to effect, dogs were randomly allocated to receive a loading dose of lidocaine (2 mg/kg) followed by a CRI of 100 μg/kg/min (Group LID) in addition to an equivalent volume of lactated Ringer's solution instead of local TUM; a loading dose of lactated Ringer's solution followed by a CRI of Ringer's solution in addition to TUM (Group TUM); a loading dose of lidocaine (2 mg/kg) followed by a CRI of 100 μg/kg/min in addition to TUM (Group LID/TUM). Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Postoperative pain scores were assessed once the dogs had fully recovered from the sedative effects, and following 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The results of the current study allow us to assert that all three treatments provided satisfactory intraoperative antinociceptive effects but administration of LID/TUM induced greater inhibition on sympathetic stimulating effect up to 60 min from recovery, thus, providing better early postoperative pain relief in dogs undergoing mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vullo
- Department of ChiBioFarm, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Annastella Falcone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriele Marino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Catone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
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Tomacheuski RM, Taffarel MO, Cardoso GS, Derussi AAP, Ferrante M, Volpato R, Luna SPL. Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Laserpuncture and Meloxicam in Bitches Submitted to Ovariohysterectomy. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030094. [PMID: 32708066 PMCID: PMC7559566 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This prospective, randomised and blind study investigated the efficacy of laserpuncture for postoperative pain management in dogs. Method: Sixteen bitches were sedated with acepromazine and randomly treated before ovariohysterectomy with meloxicam 0.2 mg·kg−1 intramuscular or laserpuncture (wavelength 904 mm, frequency 124 Hz, potency 10 Joules, 100 s in each acupoint). Anaesthesia was performed with propofol, isoflurane/O2, and fentanyl. The Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (GCMPS) and Dynamic Interactive Visual Analog Scale (DIVAS) were used to evaluate postoperative pain before and for 24 h after surgery. Morphine was administrated as rescue analgesia when pain scores were ≥3.33 (GCMPS). Differences between treatments, time points, and amount of rescue analgesia between groups were investigated by the Mann–Whitney test and the area under the curve (AUC) for GCMPS, Friedman, and Chi-squared tests, respectively (p < 0.05). Results: Dogs treated with laserpuncture presented lower GCMPS AUC for 24 h and lower GCMPS scores at 2 and 4 h postoperatively (p = 0.04). Three dogs treated with meloxicam required postoperatively rescue analgesia against none treated with laserpuncture. Conclusions: In this preliminary study, laserpuncture mitigated postoperative pain in dogs following ovariohysterectomy, and the technique is a promising adjunct to perioperative pain management in dogs undergoing soft tissue surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubia M. Tomacheuski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618687, Brazil;
| | - Marilda O. Taffarel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Maringá State University (UEM), Umuarama 87502970, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme S. Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina 86057970, Brazil;
| | - Ana A. P. Derussi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas 37131587, Brazil;
| | - Marcos Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200900, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Volpato
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618000, Brazil;
| | - Stelio P. L. Luna
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-996275212
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Dai QX, Huang LP, Mo YC, Yu LN, Du WW, Zhang AQ, Geng WJ, Wang JL, Yan M. Role of spinal adenosine A1 receptors in the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture in a rat model of neuropathic pain. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519883748. [PMID: 31868057 PMCID: PMC7783270 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519883748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the role of spinal adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) in the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) for neuropathic pain. METHODS We performed EA for 30 minutes at the zusanli acupoint in the legs of rats with previously induced chronic constriction injuries and observed the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds 1 hour later. We also examined adenosine levels by high-performance liquid chromatography and A1R expression in the L4-6 spinal cord by western blot analysis. We then injected A1R short interfering RNA (AV-shA1RNA) into the L4-6 spinal cord to downregulate A1R expression and re-examined the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds. RESULTS Adenosine levels and A1R expression in the L4-6 spinal cord were increased at 1 hour after EA. In addition, EA exhibited an analgesic effect that was reversed by AV-shA1RNA. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EA at the zusanli acupoint elicits an analgesic effect against neuropathic pain, mediated by A1Rs in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Xue Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wen Zhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, China
| | - Lu-Ping Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wen Zhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, China
| | - Yun-Chang Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wen Zhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, China
| | - Li-Na Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Wen-Wen Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wen Zhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, China
| | - An-Qi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wen Zhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, China
| | - Wu-Jun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wen Zhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, China
| | - Jun-Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wen Zhou Medical University, Wen Zhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
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Murakami H, Li S, Foreman R, Yin J, Hirai T, Chen JDZ. Ameliorating Effects of Electroacupuncture on Dysmotility, Inflammation, and Pain Mediated via the Autonomic Mechanism in a Rat Model of Postoperative Ileus. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 25:286-299. [PMID: 30827069 PMCID: PMC6474706 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Postoperative ileus increases healthcare costs and reduces the postoperative quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study is to investigate effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 and PC6 on gastrointestinal motility in rat model of postoperative ileus. Methods Laparotomy was performed in 24 rats (control [n = 8], sham-EA [n = 8], and EA [n = 8]) for the implantation of electrodes in the stomach and mid-jejunum for recording of gastric and small intestinal slow waves. Electrodes were placed in the chest skin for electrocardiogram (ECG). Intestinal manipulation (IM) was performed in Sham-EA and EA rats after surgical procedures. Small intestinal transit (SIT), gastric emptying (GE), postoperative pain, and plasma TNF-α were evaluated in all rats. Results (1) Compared with sham-EA, EA accelerated both SIT (P < 0.05) and GE (P < 0.05) and improved regularity of small intestinal slow waves. (2) Compared with the control rats (no IM), IM suppressed vagal activity and increased sympathovagal ratio assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability from ECG, which were significantly prevented by EA. (3) EA significantly reduced pain score at 120 minutes (P < 0.05, vs 15 minutes) after the surgery, which was not seen with sham-EA. (4) Plasma TNF-α was increased by IM (P = 0.02) but suppressed by EA (P = 0.04) but not sham-EA. Conclusion The postoperative ileus induced by IM, EA at ST36 and PC6 exerts a prokinetic effect on SIT and GE, a regulatory effect on small intestinal slow waves and an analgesic effect on postoperative pain possibly mediated via the autonomic-cytokine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruaki Murakami
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shiying Li
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Robert Foreman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshihiro Hirai
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nascimento FF, Marques VI, Crociolli GC, Nicácio GM, Nicácio IPAG, Cassu RN. Analgesic efficacy of laser acupuncture and electroacupuncture in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:764-770. [PMID: 30905889 PMCID: PMC6541842 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of laser acupuncture and electroacupuncture on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in cats. In a prospective, randomized and
blinded clinical study, thirty cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy were sedated with intramuscular (IM) ketamine (5 mg/kg), midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), and tramadol (2 mg/ kg). Before the
induction of anesthesia, the animals were randomly distributed into three groups of ten cats each: LA: bilateral Stomach 36 (ST-36) and Spleen 6 (SP-6) acupoints were stimulated with an
infrared laser; EA: bilateral ST-36 and SP-6 acupoints were stimulated with an electrical stimulus; Control: no acupuncture was applied. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated in the first 24
hr post-extubation using the Interactive Visual Analogue Scale and UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale. Rescue analgesia was provided with IM tramadol (2 mg/kg), and the
pain scores were reassessed 30 min after the rescue intervention. If the analgesia remained insufficient, meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg IM, single dose) was administered. Data were analyzed using
t-tests, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test. P<0.05 was considered significant. The pain scores did not significantly differ between the
treatment groups at any time point (P>0.05). The prevalence of rescue analgesia was significantly higher in the Control group than in the LA and EA groups
(P=0.033). Preoperative laser and electroacupuncture reduced the need for rescue analgesia during the first 24 hr after ovariohysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe F Nascimento
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Vírginia I Marques
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Giulianne C Crociolli
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M Nicácio
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Isabela P A G Nicácio
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Renata N Cassu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Ribeiro MR, de Carvalho CB, Pereira RH, Nicácio GM, Brinholi RB, Cassu RN. Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture for postoperative pain management in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:1236-1244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Scallan EM, Simon BT. The effects of acupuncture point Pericardium 6 on hydromorphone-induced nausea and vomiting in healthy dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:495-501. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Luna SPL, Martino ID, Lorena SERDS, Capua MLBD, Lima AFDM, Santos BPCRD, Brondani JT, Vesce G. Acupuncture and pharmacopuncture are as effective as morphine or carprofen for postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:831-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150120000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Koh RB, Isaza N, Xie H, Cooke K, Robertson SA. Effects of maropitant, acepromazine, and electroacupuncture on vomiting associated with administration of morphine in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 244:820-9. [PMID: 24649993 DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.7.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of maropitant, acepromazine, and electroacupuncture on morphine-related signs of nausea and vomiting in dogs and assess sedative effects of the treatments. DESIGN Randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS 222 dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs received 1 of 6 treatments: injection of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, maropitant citrate, or acepromazine maleate or electroacupuncture treatment at 1 acupoint, 5 acupoints, or a sham acupoint. Morphine was administered after 20 minutes of electroacupuncture treatment or 20 minutes after injectable treatment. Vomiting and retching events and signs of nausea and sedation were recorded. RESULTS Incidence of vomiting and retching was significantly lower in the maropitant (14/37 [37.8%]) group than in the saline solution (28/37 [75.7%]) and sham-acupoint electroacupuncture (32/37 [86.5%]) groups. The number of vomiting and retching events in the maropitant (21), acepromazine (38), 1-acupoint (35), and 5-acupoint (34) groups was significantly lower than in the saline solution (88) and sham-acupoint electroacupuncture (109) groups. Incidence of signs of nausea was significantly lower in the acepromazine group (3/37 [8.1%]) than in the sham-acupoint group (15/37 [40.5%]). Mean nausea scores for the saline solution, maropitant, and sham-acupoint electroacupuncture groups increased significantly after morphine administration, whereas those for the acepromazine, 1-acupoint electroacupuncture, and 5-acupoint electroacupuncture groups did not. Mean sedation scores after morphine administration were significantly higher in dogs that received acepromazine than in dogs that received saline solution, maropitant, and sham-acupoint electroacupuncture treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maropitant treatment was associated with a lower incidence of vomiting and retching, compared with control treatments, and acepromazine and electroacupuncture appeared to prevent an increase in severity of nausea following morphine administration in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Koh
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Laser Acupuncture for Postoperative Pain Management in Cats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:653270. [PMID: 26170879 PMCID: PMC4480929 DOI: 10.1155/2015/653270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to evaluate laser acupuncture as an adjuvant for postoperative pain management in cats. Twenty cats, undergoing ovariohysterectomy, were sedated with intramuscular (IM) ketamine (5 mg kg(-1)), midazolam (0.5 mg kg(-1)), and tramadol (2 mg kg(-1)). Prior to induction of anaesthesia, the subjects were randomly distributed into two groups of 10 cats: Laser: bilateral stomach 36 and spleen 6 acupoints were stimulated with infrared laser; CONTROL no acupuncture was applied. Anaesthesia was induced using intravenous propofol (4 mg kg(-1)) and maintained with isoflurane. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated by a blinded assessor for 24 h following extubation using the Dynamic Interactive Visual Analogue Scale and Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale. Rescue analgesia was provided with IM tramadol (2 mg kg(-1)), and the pain scores were reassessed 30 min after the rescue intervention. If the analgesia remained insufficient, meloxicam (0.2 mg kg(-1) IM, single dose) was administered. Data were analyzed using t-tests, the Mann-Whitney test, and the Friedman test (P < 0.05). The pain scores did not differ between groups. However, postoperative supplemental analgesia was required by significantly more cats in the CONTROL (5/10) compared with the Laser group (1/10) (P = 0.038). Laser acupuncture reduced postoperative analgesic requirements in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
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Epstein M, Rodan I, Griffenhagen G, Kadrlik J, Petty M, Robertson S, Simpson W. 2015 AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats*. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015; 51:67-84. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Epstein ME, Rodanm I, Griffenhagen G, Kadrlik J, Petty MC, Robertson SA, Simpson W. 2015 AAHA/AAFP pain management guidelines for dogs and cats. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:251-72. [PMID: 25701863 PMCID: PMC11148887 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15572062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The robust advances in pain management for companion animals underlie the decision of the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) and American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) to expand on the information provided in the 2007 AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines. The 2015 Guidelines summarize and offer a discriminating review of much of this new knowledge. RELEVANCE Pain management is central to veterinary practice, alleviating pain, improving patient outcomes, and enhancing both quality of life and the veterinarian-client-patient relationship. These Guidelines support veterinarians in incorporating pain management into practice, improving patient care. APPROACHES The management of pain requires a continuum of care that includes anticipation, early intervention, and evaluation of response on an individual patient basis. A team-oriented approach, including the owner, is essential for maximizing the recognition, prevention and treatment of pain in animals. EVIDENCE BASE The Guidelines include both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic modalities to manage pain; they are evidence-based insofar as possible and otherwise represent a consensus of expert opinion. Behavioral changes are currently the principal indicator of pain and its course of improvement or progression, and the basis for recently validated pain scores. Post-surgical pain is eminently predictable but a strong body of evidence exists supporting strategies to mitigate adaptive as well as maladaptive forms. Chronic pain is dominated by degenerative joint disease (DJD), which is one of the most significant and under-diagnosed diseases of cats and dogs. DJD is ubiquitous, found in pets of all ages, and inevitably progresses over time; evidence-based strategies for management are established in dogs, and emerging in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Epstein
- TotalBond Veterinary Hospitals PC, 3200 Union Road, Gastonia, NC 28056, USA
| | - Ilona Rodanm
- Cat Care Clinic and Feline-Friendly Consultations, 322 Junction Road, Madison, WI 53717, USA
| | - Gregg Griffenhagen
- Colorado State University School of Veterinary Medicine, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jamie Kadrlik
- Pet Crossing Animal Hospital and Dental Clinic, 10861 Bloomington Ferry Road, Bloomington, MN 55438, USA
| | - Michael C Petty
- Arbor Pointe Veterinary Hospital/Animal Pain Center, 42043 Ford Road, Canton, MI 48187, USA
| | - Sheilah A Robertson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Wendy Simpson
- Morrisville Cat Hospital, 100 Keybridge Drive, Suite A, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
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Aguirre C, Minto B, Faria E, Horr M, Filgueira F, Nardi A. Anestesia convencional e técnica de tumescência em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia. Avaliação da dor pós-operatória. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As neoplasias mamárias são as mais comuns em cadelas e geralmente acometem fêmeas de meia-idade a idosas, não castradas ou que foram submetidas ao procedimento de ovario-histerectomia tardiamente. A principal forma de tratamento é a excisão cirúrgica, sendo a ressecção unilateral das glândulas mamárias o procedimento mais realizado na prática veterinária. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a dor pós-operatória em cadelas submetidas ao procedimento de mastectomia unilateral sob efeito das técnicas anestésicas de tumescência ou convencional. Foram utilizadas 20 cadelas, divididas em dois grupos: um grupo recebeu apenas a anestesia geral inalatória (grupo convencional), e o outro recebeu adicionalmente a anestesia infiltrativa por tumescência (grupo tumescência). Elas foram avaliadas nas primeiras 24 horas do período pós-operatório, e o processo álgico foi avaliado pela escala de dor da Universidade de Melbourne. As médias dos escores obtidos ao longo do tempo foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey a um nível de 5% de significância (p<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos com relação à dor pós-operatória. A técnica anestésica infiltrativa por tumescência apresentou a vantagem da redução do sangramento transoperatório e mostrou-se exequível em pequenos animais, entretanto seu uso está relacionado à experiência e à preferência do cirurgião e do anestesista.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Horr
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
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Fry LM, Neary SM, Sharrock J, Rychel JK. Acupuncture for analgesia in veterinary medicine. Top Companion Anim Med 2014; 29:35-42. [PMID: 25454374 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture for analgesia is growing rapidly in popularity with veterinarians and pet owners. This article summarizes the mechanisms of analgesia derived from acupuncture and reviews current literature on the topic. Areas covered include the local effects at area of needle insertion, systemic effects secondary to circulating neurotransmitters and changes in cell signaling, central nervous system effects including the brain and spinal cord, and myofascial trigger point and pathology treatment. Clinical applications are discussed and suggested in each section. When used by appropriately trained professionals, acupuncture offers a compelling and safe method for pain management in our veterinary patients and should be strongly considered as a part of multimodal pain management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Fry
- Fort Collins Veterinary Emergency and Rehabilitation Hospital, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Susan M Neary
- The Pain Management Center, Companion Animal Hospital, Selinsgrove, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Sharrock
- Pet Emergency Treatment Service (PETS) of Northern Colorado, Evans, CO, USA
| | - Jessica K Rychel
- Fort Collins Veterinary Emergency and Rehabilitation Hospital, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Cassu RN, Melchert A, Canoa JTB, Martins PDDO. Sedative and clinical effects of the pharmacopuncture with xylazine in dogs. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:47-52. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Lorena SERS, Luna SPL, Lascelles BDX, Corrente JE. Current attitudes regarding the use of perioperative analgesics in dogs and cats by Brazilian veterinarians. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 41:82-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Teixeira L, Luna S, Taffarel M, Lima A, Sousa N, Joaquim J, Freitas P. Comparison of intrarectal ozone, ozone administered in acupoints and meloxicam for postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet J 2013; 197:794-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Minto BW, Rodrigues LC, Steagall PVM, Monteiro ER, Brandão CVS. Assessment of postoperative pain after unilateral mastectomy using two different surgical techniques in dogs. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:60. [PMID: 23958033 PMCID: PMC3751893 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few studies reporting pain and postoperative analgesia associated with mastectomy in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative pain after unilateral mastectomy using two different surgical techniques in the dog. Findings Twenty female dogs were assigned (n=10/group) to undergo unilateral mastectomy using either the combination of sharp and blunt dissection (SBD) or the modified SBD (mSBD) technique, in which the mammary chain is separated from the abdominal wall entirely by blunt (hand and finger) dissection except for a small area cranial to the first gland, in a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. All dogs were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous ketamine (5 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg), and maintained with isoflurane. Subcutaneous meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was administered before surgery. Postoperative pain was evaluated according to the University of Melbourne pain scale (UMPS) by an observer who was blinded to the surgical technique.. Rescue analgesia was provided by the administration of intramuscular morphine (0.5 mg/kg) if pain scores were >14 according to the UMPS. Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups for age, weight, extubation time, and duration of surgery and anesthesia (P>0.05). There were no significant differences for postoperative pain scores between groups. Rescue analgesia was required in one dog in each group. Conclusions The two surgical techniques produced similar surgical times, incidence of perioperative complications and postoperative pain. Multimodal analgesia is recommended for treatment of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing unilateral mastectomy.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Quispe-Cabanillas JG, Damasceno A, von Glehn F, Brandão CO, Damasceno BP, Silveira WD, Santos LMB. Impact of electroacupuncture on quality of life for patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis under treatment with immunomodulators: a randomized study. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:209. [PMID: 23126260 PMCID: PMC3565890 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease mediated by an immune response to central nervous system antigens. Modern immunomodulatory therapies, however, do not ameliorate many of the symptoms, such as pain and depression. Patients thus seek alternative treatments, such as acupuncture, although the benefits of such treatments have not been objectively evaluated. The present study was thus designed to evaluate the effect of the use of acupuncture in the alleviation of the symptoms of patients with MS. Methods Thirty-one patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis undergoing treatment with immunomodulators were randomly distributed into sex-stratified experimental and placebo groups in a patient- and evaluator-blind design; they received either true or sham electroacupuncture during regular visits to the doctor in the university hospital outpatient clinic. Standardized questionnaires were used to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on the quality of life of these patients. Initial and follow-up assessment included the evaluation of clinical status (Expanded Disability Status Scale), pain (Visual Analogue Scale) and quality of life (Functional Assessment of multiple Sclerosis) to ascertain the impact of electroacupuncture on the quality of life of these patients. Results Electroacupuncture improved various aspects of quality of life, including a reduction in pain and depression. The self-report scales were more sensitive to improvement than was the more objective clinical measure. Conclusion This paper provides evidence that electroacupuncture can significantly improve the quality of life of such patients. The results suggest that the routine use of a self-report scale evaluating quality of life should be included in regular clinical evaluations in order to detect changes more rapidly. Trial Registration RBR-58yq52
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