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Mohammad-Pour N, Moghimi V, Bidkhori HR, Momeni-Moghaddam M, Naderi-Meshkin H. Comparing the Effects of Two Cryoprotectant Protocols, Dimethyl-Sulfoxide (DMSO) and Glycerol, on the Recovery Rate of Cultured Keratinocytes on Amniotic Membrane. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2023:15347346231155751. [PMID: 36794512 DOI: 10.1177/15347346231155751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Off-the-shelf supply of viable engineered tissue is critical for effective and fast treatment of life-threatening injuries such as deep burns. An expanded keratinocyte sheet on the human amniotic membrane (KC sheet-HAM) is a beneficial tissue-engineering product for wound healing. To access an on-hand supply for the widespread application and overcome the time-consuming process, it is necessary to develop a cryopreservation protocol that guarantees the higher recovery of viable keratinocyte sheets after freeze-thawing. This research aimed to compare the recovery rate of KC sheet-HAM after cryopreservation by dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol. Methods: Amniotic membrane was decellularized with trypsin, and keratinocytes were cultured on it to form a multilayer, flexible, easy-to-handle KC sheet-HAM. The effects of 2 different cryoprotectants were investigated by histological analysis, live-dead staining, and proliferative capacity assessments before and after cryopreservation. Results: KCs well adhered and proliferated on the decellularized amniotic membrane and successfully represented 3 to 4 stratified layers of epithelialization after 2 to 3 weeks culture period; making it easy to cut, transfer, and cryopreserve. However, viability and proliferation assay indicated that both DMSO and glycerol cryosolutions have detrimental effects on KCs, and KCs-sheet HAM could not recover to the control level after 8 days of culture post-cryo. The KC sheet lost its stratified multilayer nature on AM, and sheet layers were reduced in both cryo-groups compared to the control. Conclusion: Expanding keratinocytes on the decellularized amniotic membrane as a multilayer sheet made a viable easy-to-handle sheet, nonetheless cryopreservation reduced viability and affected histological structure after thawing. Although some viable cells were detectable, our research highlighted the need for a better cryoprotectant protocol other than DMSO and glycerol, specific for the successful banking of viable tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Mohammad-Pour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Moghimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Madjid Momeni-Moghaddam
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
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Wang S, Liu L, Meng S, Wang Y, Liu D, Gao Z, Zuo A, Guo J. A method for evaluating drug penetration and absorption through isolated buccal mucosa with highly accuracy and reproducibility. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2875-2892. [PMID: 35349106 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the project is to establish a standardized operation method of the in vitro permeability model to maximize mucosal integrity and viability. The model drug lidocaine permeability, 20 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, H&E staining, and mucosal viability were used as evaluation indicators. Firstly, the buccal mucosae of rats, rabbits, dogs, porcine, and humans were analyzed by H&E staining and morphometric analysis to compare the differences. Then, we studied a series of operation methods of isolated mucosa. The buccal mucosae were found to retain their integrity in Kreb's bicarbonate ringer solution at 4 °C for 36 h. Under the long-term storage method with program cooling, freezing at -80 °C, thawing at 37 °C, and using cryoprotectants of 20% glycerol and 20% trehalose, mucosal integrity and biological viability can be maintained for 21 days. The heat separation method was used to prepare a permeability model with a mucosal thickness of 500 μm, which was considered to be the optimal operation. In summary, this study provided an experimental basis for the selection and operation of in vitro penetration models, standardized the research process of isolated mucosa, and improved the accuracy of permeability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Saige Meng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Daofeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Along Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jianpeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Domaszewska-Szostek A, Gewartowska M, Stanczyk M, Narowska B, Moscicka-Wesołowska M, Olszewski WL. An Anhydrous Sodium Chloride Skin Preservation Model for Studies on Keratinocytes Grafting into the Wounds. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122078. [PMID: 34959359 PMCID: PMC8705222 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Human skin is needed for covering large body areas lost by trauma. The shortcomings of contemporary methods of skin storage are limited preservation time and high immunogenicity if allogeneic. Methods. We investigated whether long-lasting skin preservation in anhydrous sodium chloride (NaCl) may be the source of keratinocytes (KCs) for transplantation. Dehydrated skin fragments were preserved for a time frame from 1 week to 12 months. Then, skin fragments were rehydrated, and KCs were isolated. The viability of KCs was assessed in viability/cytotoxicity test. NaCl-preserved KCs were cultured for 7 days and transplanted to the dorsum of SCID mice. Results. The morphology of NaCl-preserved KCs was unaltered. KCs from all epidermal layers could be identified. All grafts were accepted by the recipients. Transplanted KCs: synthesized keratins 10 and 16 expressed antigens specific for stem cells and transient-amplifying cells, and remained HLA-I-positive. Moreover, they expressed the proliferative marker PCNA. Cells isolated from transplants remained viable and produced enzymes. Conclusions. Transplantation of KCs obtained from human skin and stored in anhydrous NaCl may be considered for the closure of extensive skin wounds. The originality of this method consists of an effective storage procedure and easy preparation of keratinocytes for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Domaszewska-Szostek
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Gewartowska
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Stanczyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Beata Narowska
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Moscicka-Wesołowska
- Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-W.); (W.L.O.)
| | - Waldemar Lech Olszewski
- Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-W.); (W.L.O.)
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Alharbi S, Niimi Y, Williamson S, Cox R, Williams-Bouyer N, Andersen C, Ouellette C, Enkhbaatar P. Ovine model of burn wounds grafted with ovine cadaver skin. Burns 2021; 48:118-131. [PMID: 33947600 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Shortage in autograft to cover burn wounds involves a frequent use of cadaver skin (CS) as a temporary cover to prevent infection, dehydration and preparation of wounds for subsequent autografting. We aimed to establish an ovine model of burn wound healing using ovine CS (OCS). Quality and efficacy of fresh and frozen OCS overlaid on to excised 3rd degree flame burn wounds in sheep were evaluated in comparison to autograft. Histologically, autografted wounds maintained normal skin structure at different time points. Wounds overlaid with fresh OCS graft showed signs of rejection starting from day 7. At day 14, the epidermis was mostly rejected. The rejection was completed by day 20 with signs of immunoreaction and presence of many immune cells. Frozen OCS was rejected in the same pattern. Immediately prior to grafting, the thickness was comparable between freshly prepared and frozen OCS for 10 or 40 days. Significant reduction in viability was detected in OCS frozen for 40 days. Both fresh or frozen ovine OCS were rejected within 10 days that mimics CS rejection time in humans (∼8.4 days), suggesting that ovine model of burn wound grafted with OCS can successfully be used in burn wound research mimicking clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Alharbi
- Department of Neuroscince, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Biological Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan.
| | | | - Robert Cox
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | | | - Clark Andersen
- Office of Biostatistics Statistical Consulting, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Casey Ouellette
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.
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5
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Yazdani M, Shahdadfar A, Reppe S, Sapkota D, Vallenari EM, Lako M, Connon CJ, Figueiredo FC, Utheim TP. Response of human oral mucosal epithelial cells to different storage temperatures: A structural and transcriptional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243914. [PMID: 33326470 PMCID: PMC7744058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Seeking to improve the access to regenerative medicine, this study investigated the structural and transcriptional effects of storage temperature on human oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMECs). METHODS Cells were stored at four different temperatures (4°C, 12°C, 24°C and 37°C) for two weeks. Then, the morphology, cell viability and differential gene expression were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy, trypan blue exclusion test and TaqMan gene expression array cards, respectively. RESULTS Cells stored at 4°C had the most similar morphology to non-stored controls with the highest viability rate (58%), whereas the 37°C group was most dissimilar with no living cells. The genes involved in stress-induced growth arrest (GADD45B) and cell proliferation inhibition (TGFB2) were upregulated at 12°C and 24°C. Upregulation was also observed in multifunctional genes responsible for morphology, growth, adhesion and motility such as EFEMP1 (12°C) and EPHA4 (4°C-24°C). Among genes used as differentiation markers, PPARA and TP53 (along with its associated gene CDKN1A) were downregulated in all temperature conditions, whereas KRT1 and KRT10 were either unchanged (4°C) or downregulated (24°C and 12°C; and 24°C, respectively), except for upregulation at 12°C for KRT1. CONCLUSIONS Cells stored at 12°C and 24°C were stressed, although the expression levels of some adhesion-, growth- and apoptosis-related genes were favourable. Collectively, this study suggests that 4°C is the optimal storage temperature for maintenance of structure, viability and function of OMECs after two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aboulghassem Shahdadfar
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evan M. Vallenari
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Bioscience West Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Che J. Connon
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Bioscience West Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco C. Figueiredo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Bioscience West Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary & Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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6
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Meneghel J, Kilbride P, Morris GJ. Cryopreservation as a Key Element in the Successful Delivery of Cell-Based Therapies-A Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:592242. [PMID: 33324662 PMCID: PMC7727450 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.592242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a key enabling technology in regenerative medicine that provides stable and secure extended cell storage for primary tissue isolates and constructs and prepared cell preparations. The essential detail of the process as it can be applied to cell-based therapies is set out in this review, covering tissue and cell isolation, cryoprotection, cooling and freezing, frozen storage and transport, thawing, and recovery. The aim is to provide clinical scientists with an overview of the benefits and difficulties associated with cryopreservation to assist them with problem resolution in their routine work, or to enable them to consider future involvement in cryopreservative procedures. It is also intended to facilitate networking between clinicians and cryo-researchers to review difficulties and problems to advance protocol optimization and innovative design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Meneghel
- Asymptote, Cytiva, Danaher Corporation, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kilbride
- Asymptote, Cytiva, Danaher Corporation, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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7
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Optimization of Storage Temperature for Retention of Undifferentiated Cell Character of Cultured Human Epidermal Cell Sheets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8206. [PMID: 28811665 PMCID: PMC5557837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured epidermal cell sheets (CES) containing undifferentiated cells are useful for treating skin burns and have potential for regenerative treatment of other types of epithelial injuries. The undifferentiated phenotype is therefore important for success in both applications. This study aimed to optimize a method for one-week storage of CES for their widespread distribution and use in regenerative medicine. The effect of storage temperatures 4 °C, 8 °C, 12 °C, 16 °C, and 24 °C on CES was evaluated. Analyses included assessment of viability, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane damage, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, morphology, phenotype and cytokine secretion into storage buffer. Lowest cell viability was seen at 4 °C. Compared to non-stored cells, ABCG2 expression increased between temperatures 8–16 °C. At 24 °C, reduced ABCG2 expression coincided with increased mitochondrial ROS, as well as increased differentiation, cell death and mtDNA damage. P63, C/EBPδ, CK10 and involucrin fluorescence combined with morphology observations supported retention of undifferentiated cell phenotype at 12 °C, transition to differentiation at 16 °C, and increased differentiation at 24 °C. Several cytokines relevant to healing were upregulated during storage. Importantly, cells stored at 12 °C showed similar viability and undifferentiated phenotype as the non-stored control suggesting that this temperature may be ideal for storage of CES.
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Pianigiani E, Tognetti L, Ierardi F, Mariotti G, Rubegni P, Cevenini G, Perotti R, Fimiani M. Assessment of cryopreserved donor skin viability: the experience of the regional tissue bank of Siena. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:241-53. [PMID: 26939692 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin allografts from cadaver donors are an important resource for treating extensive burns, slow-healing wounds and chronic ulcers. A high level of cell viability of cryopreserved allografts is often required, especially in burn surgery, in Italy. Thus, we aimed to determine which conditions enable procurement of highly viable skin in our Regional Skin Bank of Siena. For this purpose, we assessed cell viability of cryopreserved skin allografts procured between 2011 and 2013 from 127 consecutive skin donors, before and after freezing (at day 15, 180, and 365). For each skin donor, we collected data concerning clinical history (age, sex, smoking, phototype, dyslipidemia, diabetes, cause of death), donation process (multi-tissue or multi-organ) and timing of skin procurement (assessment of intervals such as death-harvesting, harvesting-banking, death-banking). All these variables were analysed in the whole case study (127 donors) and in different groups (e.g. multi-organ donors, non refrigerated multi-tissue donors, refrigerated multi-tissue donors) for correlations with cell viability. Our results indicated that cryopreserved skin allografts with higher cell viability were obtained from female, non smoker, heartbeating donors died of cerebral haemorrhage, and were harvested within 2 h of aortic clamping and banked within 12 h of harvesting (13-14 h from clamping). Age, cause of death and dyslipidaemia or diabetes did not appear to influence cell viability. To maintain acceptable cell viability, our skin bank needs to reduce the time interval between harvesting and banking, especially for refrigerated donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pianigiani
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, "Le Scotte" Hospital - AOUS, V.le Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - L Tognetti
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, "Le Scotte" Hospital - AOUS, V.le Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - F Ierardi
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, "Le Scotte" Hospital - AOUS, V.le Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - G Mariotti
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, "Le Scotte" Hospital - AOUS, V.le Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - P Rubegni
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, "Le Scotte" Hospital - AOUS, V.le Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - G Cevenini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - R Perotti
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, "Le Scotte" Hospital - AOUS, V.le Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Fimiani
- Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, "Le Scotte" Hospital - AOUS, V.le Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Evaluation of different pig oral mucosa sites as permeability barrier models for drug permeation studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 81:52-9. [PMID: 26435216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of preparation and storage conditions on the histology and permeability of different parts of porcine oral mucosa used for in vitro studies of transbuccal formulations. Fresh and frozen (-20°C and -80°C, with or without cryoprotectant) epithelia of porcine palatal, gingival, dorsum of the tongue, and buccal mucosa were submitted for histological analyses to determine the effects of storage conditions on barrier integrity. Permeation of lidocaine hydrochloride (used as a hydrophilic model drug) across fresh and previously frozen oral epithelium was measured in order to evaluate the barrier function. Histological evaluation demonstrated that the oral epithelium was successfully separated from the connective tissue, except for gingival mucosa. After storage under different conditions, all tissues presented desquamation of superficial layers and spherical spaces induced by the freezing process. The permeability of lidocaine hydrochloride varied among the fresh oral mucosa and generally increased after freezing. In conclusion, fresh epithelium from the buccal and dorsum of the tongue mucosa should be used for in vitro studies investigating hydrophilic drug transport when these are the desired clinical application sites. However, when the palate is the target site, both fresh and frozen (for up to 4weeks, without addition of cryoprotectant) samples could be used. The addition of glycerol as a cryoprotectant should be avoided due to increased lidocaine hydrochloride permeability.
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10
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Jackson C, Eidet JR, Reppe S, Aass HCD, Tønseth KA, Roald B, Lyberg T, Utheim TP. Effect of Storage Temperature on the Phenotype of Cultured Epidermal Cells Stored in Xenobiotic-Free Medium. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:757-68. [PMID: 26398483 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1062113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cultured epidermal cell sheets (CECS) are used in the treatment of large area burns to the body and have potential to treat limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) as shown in animal studies. Despite widespread use, storage options for CECS are limited. Short-term storage allows flexibility in scheduling surgery, quality control and improved transportation to clinics worldwide. Recent evidence points to the phenotype of cultured epithelial cells as a critical predictor of post-operative success following transplantation of CECS in burns and in transplantation of cultured epithelial cells in patients with LSCD. This study, therefore assessed the effect of a range of temperatures, spanning 4-37 °C, on the phenotype of CECS stored over a 2-week period in a xenobiotic-free system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Progenitor cell (p63, ΔNp63α and ABCG2) and differentiation (C/EBPδ and CK10) associated marker expression was assessed using immunocytochemistry. Immunohistochemistry staining of normal skin for the markers p63, ABCG2 and C/EBPδ was also carried out. Assessment of progenitor cell side population (SP) was performed using JC1 dye by flow cytometry. RESULTS P63 expression remained relatively constant throughout the temperature range but was significantly lower compared to control between 20 and 28 °C (p < 0.05). High C/EBPδ together with low p63 suggested more differentiation beginning at 20 °C and above. Lower CK10 and C/EBPδ expression most similar to control was seen at 12 °C. The percentage of ABCG2 positive cells was most similar to control between 8 and 24 °C. Between 4 and 24 °C, the SP fluctuated, but was not significantly different compared to control. Results were supported by staining patterns indicating differentiation status associated with markers in normal skin sections. CONCLUSIONS Lower storage temperatures, and in particular 12 °C, merit further investigation as optimal storage temperature for maintenance of undifferentiated phenotype in CECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jackson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway .,b Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Norway
| | - Jon R Eidet
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | | | - Kim A Tønseth
- b Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Norway .,c Department of Plastic Surgery , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway .,d Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway and
| | - Borghild Roald
- b Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Norway .,d Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway and
| | - Torstein Lyberg
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Tor P Utheim
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway .,e Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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11
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Jackson C, Aabel P, Eidet JR, Messelt EB, Lyberg T, von Unge M, Utheim TP. Effect of storage temperature on cultured epidermal cell sheets stored in xenobiotic-free medium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105808. [PMID: 25170754 PMCID: PMC4149437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured epidermal cell sheets (CECS) are used in regenerative medicine in patients with burns, and have potential to treat limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), as demonstrated in animal models. Despite widespread use, short-term storage options for CECS are limited. Advantages of storage include: flexibility in scheduling surgery, reserve sheets for repeat operations, more opportunity for quality control, and improved transportation to allow wider distribution. Studies on storage of CECS have thus far focused on cryopreservation, whereas refrigeration is a convenient method commonly used for whole skin graft storage in burns clinics. It has been shown that preservation of viable cells using these methods is variable. This study evaluated the effect of different temperatures spanning 4°C to 37°C, on the cell viability, morphology, proliferation and metabolic status of CECS stored over a two week period in a xenobiotic–free system. Compared to non-stored control, best cell viability was obtained at 24°C (95.2±9.9%); reduced cell viability, at approximately 60%, was demonstrated at several of the temperatures (12°C, 28°C, 32°C and 37°C). Metabolic activity was significantly higher between 24°C and 37°C, where glucose, lactate, lactate/glucose ratios, and oxygen tension indicated increased activation of the glycolytic pathway under aerobic conditions. Preservation of morphology as shown by phase contrast and scanning electron micrographs was best at 12°C and 16°C. PCNA immunocytochemistry indicated that only 12°C and 20°C allowed maintenance of proliferative function at a similar level to non-stored control. In conclusion, results indicate that 12°C and 24°C merit further investigation as the prospective optimum temperature for short-term storage of cultured epidermal cell sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jackson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Peder Aabel
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Division of Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon R. Eidet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edward B. Messelt
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torstein Lyberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus von Unge
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Division of Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research, LT Vastmanland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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