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Leriquier C, Freire M, Llido M, Beauchamp G, Montasell X, Gagnon D, Benito J. Comparison of sedation with dexmedetomidine/atipamezole administered subcutaneously at GV20 acupuncture point with usual routes of administration in dogs presented for orthopaedic radiographs. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:759-768. [PMID: 37559443 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous administration of dexmedetomidine/atipamezole at the Governing Vessel 20 (GV20) acupuncture point compared with other administration routes (intramuscular and intravenous) in dogs presented for orthopaedic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective, randomised, blinded, controlled clinical study. Sixty-four client-owned dogs were randomly injected with 200 μg/m2 of dexmedetomidine intramuscular (lumbar muscles) (n=20), intravenous (n=23) or subcutaneous at the GV20 point (n=21). Following radiographs, dogs received 2000 μg/m2 of atipamezole intramuscular (n=31), or subcutaneous at the GV20 point (n=27). Degree and time to sedation and recovery were assessed using a sedation scale and a Dynamic and Interactive Visual Analog Scale (DIVAS). Clinical physiological variables and adverse events were used. Statistical linear mixed-effect models (analysis of variance) and Cox models were performed. Significance was set at P-value <0.05. RESULTS Sedation was insufficient to perform orthopaedic radiographs in six dogs in the intramuscular group. The time to sedation was significantly longer, and sedation scale and DIVAS scores were significantly lower in the intramuscular group. The intravenous group had significantly higher sedation scale and DIVAS scores than the GV20 group. No significant differences were observed between the intramuscular and GV20 recovery groups, although the time effect was significantly more pronounced in the GV20 recovery group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Subcutaneous administration of dexmedetomidine and atipamezole at GV20 provided effective sedation and recovery in dogs undergoing orthopaedic radiographic studies. GV20 administration provided a clinically similar level of sedation to the intravenous route, and greater and faster sedation and similar recovery to intramuscular.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leriquier
- Small Animal Surgery Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - M Freire
- Small Animal Surgery Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - M Llido
- Small Animal Surgery Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - G Beauchamp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - X Montasell
- Small Animal Surgery Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - D Gagnon
- Small Animal Surgery Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - J Benito
- Anaesthesia Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
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Sancak T. The effects of repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidineketamine anesthesia on DNA damage in the liver and kidney. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e385723. [PMID: 37909595 PMCID: PMC10617755 DOI: 10.1590/acb385723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the DNA damage caused by repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in the liver and kidneys. METHODS In this study, 60 rats were used. The rats were divided into group 1 (xylazine-ketamine), and group 2 (medetomidine-ketamine), and these anesthetic combinations were administered to the rats at repeated doses with 30-min intervals. The effects of these anesthetic agents on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene for DNA damage were investigated. RESULTS According to the gene expression results, it was observed that a single dose of xylazine-ketamine was 2.9-fold expressed, while first and second repeat doses did not show significant changes in expression levels. However, in the case of the third repetition, it was observed to be 3.8-fold overexpressed. In the case of medetomidine-ketamine administration, it was observed that a single-dose application resulted in a 1.04-fold expression, while the first and the third repeat doses showed a significant down expression. The samples from the second repeat dose administration group were found to have insignificant levels of expression. CONCLUSIONS This study can contribute to understanding the safe anesthetic combination in research and operations in which xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine combinations are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunahan Sancak
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University – Veterinary Faculty – Department of Surgery – Sivas – Turkey
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Lima CMS, Segatto CZ, Zanelli GR, Nicácio GM, Cassu RN. Effects of Lidocaine Injection at Acupuncture Points on Perioperative Analgesia in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2022; 15:255-263. [DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Menossi Sueza Lima
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Zanetti Segatto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ricci Zanelli
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Montoro Nicácio
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Navarro Cassu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Stanossek I, Wehrend A. [Naturopathy and complementary medicine in small animal science - definitions and contents]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:206-210. [PMID: 34157762 DOI: 10.1055/a-1480-5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Naturopathic and complementary procedures attain increasing popularity in veterinary medicine. A common understanding of definitions and contents of these fields is crucial for communication between pet owners and veterinarians. This paper reviews the existing definitions and the various contents of naturopathy and complementary veterinary medicine as well as their assigned treatment options. Naturopathy includes phytotherapy, hydro-therapy, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, manual therapy/chiropractic/osteopathy, and dietetic treatment. Homeopathy, homotoxicology, Traditional Chinese Medicine including acu-puncture and Chinese herbal medicine, neural therapy, organotherapy and Bach flower remedies are known as complementary treatments. The level of evidence based on scientific literature and the opportunity for certification procedures differ between treatment modalities. In the area of small animal medicine, the most extensive body of literature is available on the subject of acupuncture, in part comprising high evidence levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Stanossek
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere mit Tierärztlicher Ambulanz, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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Reginato GM, Xavier NV, Alonso BB, Lima DP, Pereira Sirqueira TC, Carregaro AB. Pharmacopuncture Analgesia Using Flunixin Meglumine Injection into the Acupoint GV1 (Ho Hai) After Elective Castration in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 87:102911. [PMID: 32172910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of a 1/10 dose of flunixin meglumine administered into the governing vessel 1 (GV1) acupoint in horses that underwent castration. Twenty animals received 0.02 mg/kg detomidine intravenously, followed by 2.2 mg/kg ketamine and 0.1 mg/kg diazepam by the same route, and also a local anesthesia with 30 mL lidocaine. As postoperative analgesia, the animals received 1.1 mg/kg flunixin meglumine IV (FIV) or 0.11 mg/kg flunixin meglumine into the GV1 acupoint (FGV). Behavioral parameters were assessed 12 hours before the procedure (baseline) and at 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery; physiological parameters were measured at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 24 hours after surgery. The groups did not differ regarding pain scores. Heart rate was higher in the FIV group than in the FGV group 2 hours after surgery (46 ± 5.2 bpm vs. 37 ± 8.2 bpm); gut sounds decreased at 2, 4, and 6 hours in both groups. The temperature showed a decrease after 2 hours compared with baseline in the FGV group, and the systolic blood pressure was higher in the FGV group than in the FIV group at 8 hours (158 ± 18.1 mmHg vs. 134 ± 14.5 mmHg), 10 hours (157 ± 15.5 mm Hg vs. 130 ± 11.5 mmHg), and 12 hours (151 ± 18.7 mmHg vs. 134 ± 15.8 mmHg). Pharmacopuncture was as effective as conventional dose and route of flunixin meglumine in horses that underwent elective castration under those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Morandini Reginato
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Villaça Xavier
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bodini Alonso
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pereira Lima
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Talita Carole Pereira Sirqueira
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Bonfim Carregaro
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil.
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Scallan EM, Lizarraga I, Coursey CD, Wild JL, Simon BT. Thermal antinociceptive, sedative and cardiovascular effects of Governing Vessel 1 dexmedetomidine pharmacopuncture in healthy cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2019; 46:529-537. [PMID: 31147260 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the antinociceptive, sedative and cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine pharmacopuncture at Governing Vessel 1 (GV 1) with dexmedetomidine intramuscular (IM) administration. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, masked crossover design. ANIMALS A group of eight healthy female cats. METHODS Cats were randomly administered either dexmedetomidine (0.005 mg kg-1; Dex-IM) IM or at acupuncture point GV 1 (Dex-P) separated by 1 week. Prior to and up to 120 minutes posttreatment, skin temperature (ST), thermal threshold (TT), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), sedation, muscle relaxation and auditory response scores were recorded. Parametric data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures anova followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Nonparametric data were analyzed using a Friedman test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS There were no differences within or between treatments for ST, fR and auditory response. TT was significantly higher at 30-90 minutes in Dex-P (p ≤ 0.0285) than baseline. TT was significantly higher at 60-90 minutes for Dex-P than for Dex-IM (p ≤ 0.0252). HR was significantly lower at 10-75 minutes in Dex-P (p ≤ 0.0378) and at 5-75 minutes in Dex-IM (p ≤ 0.0132) than baseline. Compared with baseline, sedation scores were higher at 25 minutes (p = 0.0327) and 30 minutes (p = 0.0327), and muscle relaxation scores were higher at 25 minutes (p = 0.0151) and 35 minutes (p = 0.0151) in Dex-P. There were no differences in HR, sedation and muscle relaxation scores between treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dex-P increased thermal antinociception compared with Dex-IM at the same dose of dexmedetomidine in cats. This antinociceptive effect must be evaluated under clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Scallan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio Lizarraga
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Caleb D Coursey
- Professional Programs Office, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L Wild
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bradley T Simon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Pons A, Canfrán S, Benito J, Cediel-Algovia R, Gómez de Segura IA. Effects of dexmedetomidine administered at acupuncture point GV20 compared to intramuscular route in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 58:23-28. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pons
- Centro Veterinario los Delfines; Madrid 28822 Spain
| | - S. Canfrán
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - J. Benito
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - R. Cediel-Algovia
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - I. A. Gómez de Segura
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
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Luna SPL, Martino ID, Lorena SERDS, Capua MLBD, Lima AFDM, Santos BPCRD, Brondani JT, Vesce G. Acupuncture and pharmacopuncture are as effective as morphine or carprofen for postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:831-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150120000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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