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Gang R, Okello D, Kang Y. Medicinal plants used for cutaneous wound healing in Uganda; ethnomedicinal reports and pharmacological evidences. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29717. [PMID: 38694090 PMCID: PMC11058731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Wounds have become a major health challenge worldwide, presenting marked humanistic and economic burdens such as disabilities and death. Annually, approximately 14 million people suffer from wounds worldwide and 80 % of these occur in developing countries like Uganda. In Uganda, besides many cases of daily wound occurrences, approximately 10 % of surgical procedures become septic wounds and consequently lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, several ethnomedicinal studies have identified plants used for wound treatment in different parts of Uganda and the wound healing activities of some plants have been reported. However, at present, these information remain largely separated without an all-inclusive repository containing ethnomedicinal and pharmacological information of the plants used for wound healing in Uganda, thus retarding appropriate evaluation. Therefore, this review focused on extensively exploring the plants used for treating cutaneous wounds in Uganda, along with associated ethnomedicinal information and their globally reported pharmacological potential. Methods Electronic data bases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were searched using key terms for required information contained in English peer reviewed articles, books, and dissertations. Additionally, correlations between selected parameters were determined with coefficient of determination (r2). Results The literature survey revealed that 165 species belonging to 62 families are traditionally used to treat wounds in Uganda. Most of the species belonged to families of Asteraceae (14 %), Fabaceae (10 %), and Euphorbiaceae (7 %). The commonest plant parts used for wound treatment include leaf (48 %), root (22 %), stembark (11 %), and stem (7 %), which are prepared majorly by poultice (34 %), decoction (13 %), as well as powdering (25 %). Fifty-four (33 %) of the plant species have been investigated for their wound healing activities whereas, one hundred eleven (67 %) have not been scientifically investigated for their wound healing effects. Pearson correlation coefficient between the number of wound healing plant families per part used and percent of each plant part used was 0.97, and between the number of wound healing plant families per method of preparation and percent of each method of preparation was 0.95, showing in both strong positively marked relationships. Conclusion The preliminarily investigated plants with positive wound healing properties require further evaluation to possible final phases, with comprehensive identification of constituent bioactive agents. Additionally, the wound healing potential of the scientifically uninvestigated plants with claimed healing effects needs examination. Subsequently, information regarding efficacy, safety, bioactive principles, and mechanism of action could prove valuable in future development of wound healing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roggers Gang
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, South Korea
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI), Soroti, Uganda
| | - Denis Okello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kabale University, P. O. Box 317, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Youngmin Kang
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, South Korea
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da Silva BAF, Pessoa RT, da Costa RHS, de Oliveira MRC, Ramos AGB, de Lima Silva MG, da Silva LYS, Medeiros CR, Florencio SGL, Ribeiro-Filho J, Coutinho HDM, Raposo A, Yoo S, Han H, de Menezes IRA, Quintans Júnior LJ. Evaluation of the antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) bark extract in experimental models of inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115249. [PMID: 37597323 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Edema is one of the obvious indicators of inflammation and a crucial factor to take into account when assessing a substance's capacity to reduce inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory profile of the hydroethanolic barks extract of Ximenia americana (HEXA). The possible antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory effect of EHXA (50, 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg v.o) was evaluated using the paw edema induced by carrageenan, zymosan, dextran, CFA and by different agents inflammatory (serotonin, histamine, arachidonic acid and PGE2), and pleurisy model induced by carrageenan and its action on IL-1β and TNF-α levels was also evaluated. HEXA demonstrated a significant antiedematogenic effect at concentrations of 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg on paw edema induced by carrageenan, zymosan and dextran. However, the concentration of 50 mg/kg as standard, demonstrating the effect in the subchronic model, induced CFA with inhibition of 59.06 %. In models of histamine-induced paw edema, HEXA showed inhibition of - 30 min: 40.49 %, 60 min: 44.70 % and 90 min: 48.98 %; serotonin inhibition - 30 min: 57.09 %, 60 min: 66.04 % and 90 min: 61.79 %; arachidonic acid inhibition - 15 min: 36.54 %, 30 min: 51.10 %, 45 min: 50.32 % and 60 min: 76.17 %; and PGE2 inhibition - 15 min: 67.78 %, 30 min: 62.30 %, 45 min: 54.25 % and 60 min: 47.92 %. HEXA significantly reduced (p < 0.01) leukocyte migration in the pleurisy model and reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels in pleural lavage (p < 0.0001). The results showed that HEXA has the potential to have an antiedematogenic impact in both acute and chronic inflammation processes, with a putative mode of action including the suppression or regulation of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Anderson Fernandes da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Renata Torres Pessoa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemical, Regional University of Cariri, Cel Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105- 000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Roger Henrique Sousa da Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemical, Regional University of Cariri, Cel Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105- 000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Rayane Correia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemical, Regional University of Cariri, Cel Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105- 000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Andreza Guedes Barbosa Ramos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemical, Regional University of Cariri, Cel Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105- 000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriely de Lima Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemical, Regional University of Cariri, Cel Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105- 000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Yure Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemical, Regional University of Cariri, Cel Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105- 000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Cassio Rocha Medeiros
- CECAPE College, Av. Padre Cícero, 3917 - São José, Juazeiro do Norte, CE 63024-015, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sunghoon Yoo
- Audit Team, Hanmoo Convention (Oakwood Premier), 49, Teheran-ro 87-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06164, South Korea.
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemical, Regional University of Cariri, Cel Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105- 000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans Júnior
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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Alsareii SA, Ahmad J, Umar A, Ahmad MZ, Shaikh IA. Enhanced In Vivo Wound Healing Efficacy of a Novel Piperine-Containing Bioactive Hydrogel in Excision Wound Rat Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020545. [PMID: 36677613 PMCID: PMC9861729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
These days an extensive amount of the attention of researchers is focused towards exploring bioactive compounds of natural or herbal origin for therapeutic intervention in different ailments of significant importance. One such novel bioactive compound that has a variety of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, is piperine. However, until today, piperine has not been explored for its potential to improve inflammation and enhance healing in acute and chronic wounds. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the wound healing potential of piperine hydrogel formulation after topical application. Hydrogels fit the need for a depot system at the wound bed, where they ensure a consistent supply of therapeutic agents enclosed in their cross-linked network matrices. In the present study, piperine-containing carbopol 934 hydrogels mixed with Aloe vera gels of different gel strengths were prepared and characterized for rheological behavior, spreadability, extrudability, and percent (%) content uniformity. Furthermore, the wound healing potential of the developed formulation system was explored utilizing the excision wound healing model. The results of an in vivo study and histopathological examination revealed early and intrinsic healing of wounds with the piperine-containing bioactive hydrogel system compared to the bioactive hydrogel system without piperine. Therefore, the study's findings establish that the piperine-containing bioactive hydrogel system is a promising therapeutic approach for wound healing application that should be diligently considered for clinical transferability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ali Alsareii
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad MZ, Alasiri AS, Ahmad J, Alqahtani AA, Abdullah MM, Abdel-Wahab BA, Pathak K, Saikia R, Das A, Sarma H, Alzahrani SA. Green Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Ocimum sanctum Leaf Extract: In Vitro Characterization and Its Healing Efficacy in Diabetic Wounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227712. [PMID: 36431808 PMCID: PMC9699599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired glucose metabolism. Overproduction of free radicals due to chronic hyperglycemia may cause oxidative stress, which delays wound healing in diabetic conditions. For people with diabetes, this impeded wound healing is one of the predominant reasons for mortality and morbidity. The study aimed to develop an Ocimum sanctum leaf extract-mediated green synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and further incorporate them into 2% chitosan (CS) gel for diabetic wound healing. UV-visible spectrum analysis recorded the sharp peak at 235 and 320 nm, and this was the preliminary sign for the biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs. The FTIR analysis was used to perform a qualitative validation of the biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD analysis indicated the crystallinity of TiO2 NPs in anatase form. Microscopic investigation revealed that TiO2 NPs were spherical and polygonal in shape, with sizes ranging from 75 to 123 nm. The EDX analysis of green synthesized NPs showed the presence of TiO2 NPs, demonstrating the peak of titanium ion and oxygen. The hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of the TiO2 NPs were found to be 130.3 nm and 0.237, respectively. The developed TiO2 NPs containing CS gel exhibited the desired thixotropic properties with pseudoplastic behavior. In vivo wound healing studies and histopathological investigations of healed wounds demonstrated the excellent wound-healing efficacy of TiO2 NPs containing CS gel in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam A. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Margub Abdullah
- Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 7111, Egypt
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Himangshu Sarma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (GIPS), Guwahati 781017, Assam, India
| | - Seham Abdullah Alzahrani
- Pharmacy Department, Khamis Mushait General Hosptial, King Khalid Rd, Al Shifa, Khamis Mushait 62433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Salazar-Gómez A, Alonso-Castro AJ. Medicinal Plants from Latin America with Wound Healing Activity: Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry, Preclinical and Clinical Studies—A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091095. [PMID: 36145316 PMCID: PMC9505834 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin America is a multicultural region with ancient traditional medicine. There is extensive knowledge of the use of medicinal plants for wound healing in this region. Nevertheless, many of these medicinal plants lack pharmacological, toxicological, and chemical studies. This review focuses on the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological (preclinical and clinical) studies of medicinal plants with wound healing activity, from Latin America. An electronic database search was conducted by consulting scientific articles and books. A total of 305 plant species with wound healing activity were recorded, based on traditional medicine. Most medicinal plants used in wound healing in Latin America are topically administered; their methods of preparation are mainly by water infusion from aerial parts. Only thirty-five percent of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for wound healing have been experimentally validated for their pharmacological effects, and the wound healing activity of five medicinal plants has been studied in clinical trials. In all, 25 compounds (mostly terpenes and flavonoids) have been isolated from medicinal plants with wound healing activity; therefore, extensive work is necessary for a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate the wound healing effects of medicinal plants in Latin America. The mechanism of action of medicinal plants, their toxicological actions on the skin, and their bioactive compounds, have yet to be investigated. This review on the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies, of medicinal plants from Latin America with wound healing activity, offers promising data for further studies, as well as providing new insights into their possible role in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico
| | - Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36250, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-473-732-0006
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Bulhões AAVDC, Estevão LRDM, Florencio-Silva R, Simoes RS, Leite AGB, Cunha DMSDS, Ramos CS, Soares ÉBDA, D’Emery MB, Câmara CAGD, Evêncio-Neto J. Effects of the healing activity of rosemary-of-Chapada (Lippia gracilis Schauer) on cutaneous lesions in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370104. [PMID: 35416859 PMCID: PMC9000978 DOI: 10.1590/acb370104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of rosemary leaf essential oil-based ointments on the
healing of rat skin lesions. Methods: Sixty adult male rats, with dorsal excisional skin wounds made surgically
under anesthesia, were divided into three groups (n = 20): Sham group
(untreated wounds); control group (CG, wounds treated with vehicle); and
essential oil (EO) treated group (wounds treated with essential oil-based
ointments), administered topically once daily. Skin wounds were evaluated at
4, 7, 14, and 21 days after EO or vehicle treatments. Lesions were analyzed
macroscopically for the contraction degree. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
sections of skin wounds were used for histopathological evaluation. Results: Macroscopic evaluation showed wounds edges with thin crust without firmness
and yellowish color, along with an improvement in wound contraction in EO
group when compared to the other groups. A reduced inflammatory reaction,
along with newly formed small diameter capillaries and more organized and
elongated collagen fibers, were more frequently observed in EO group than in
the other groups. Moreover, blood vessel number and collagen fibers density
were significantly higher in EO group. Conclusions: Skin lesion treatment with rosemary leaf essential oil-based ointments
accelerates the initial stages of healing, reduces inflammation, and
increases angiogenesis, collagen fibers density, and wound contraction in
rats.
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Algahtani MS, Ahmad MZ, Nourein IH, Albarqi HA, Alyami HS, Alyami MH, Alqahtani AA, Alasiri A, Algahtani TS, Mohammed AA, Ahmad J. Preparation and Characterization of Curcumin Nanoemulgel Utilizing Ultrasonication Technique for Wound Healing: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Evaluation. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040213. [PMID: 34842698 PMCID: PMC8628781 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels being a drug delivery system has great significance particularly for topical application in cutaneous open wound. Its specific physicochemical properties such as non-adhesiveness, moisture retention, exudate absorption, and gas permeability make them ideal as a drug delivery vehicle for wound healing application. Further, curcumin (a natural bioactive) was selected as a therapeutic agent to incorporate into the hydrogel system to design and develop nanogel pharmaceutical products for wound healing. Although, curcumin possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-infective activity along with hastening the healing process by acting over the different stages of the wound healing process, but its poor biopharmaceutical (low aqueous solubility and skin penetrability) attributes hamper their therapeutic efficacy for skin applications. The current investigation aimed to develop the curcumin-loaded nanogel system and evaluated to check the improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin through a nanomedicine-based approach for wound healing activity in Wistar rats. The curcumin was enclosed inside the nanoemulsion system prepared through a high-energy ultrasonic emulsification technique at a minimum concentration of surfactant required to nanoemulsify the curcumin-loaded oil system (Labrafac PG) having droplet size 56.25 ± 0.69 nm with polydispersity index 0.05 ± 0.01 and negatively surface charge with zeta potential −20.26 ± 0.65 mV. It was observed that the impact of Smix (surfactant/co-surfactant mixture) ratio on droplet size of generated nanoemulsion is more pronounced at lower Smix concentration (25%) compared to the higher Smix concentration (30%). The optimized curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion was incorporated into a 0.5% Carbopol® 940 hydrogel system for topical application. The developed curcumin nanoemulgel exhibited thixotropic rheological behavior and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in skin penetrability characteristics compared to curcumin dispersed in conventional hydrogel system. The in vivo wound healing efficacy study and histological examination of healed tissue specimen further signify the role of the nanomedicine-based approach to improve the biopharmaceutical attributes of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ihab Hamed Nourein
- Department of Clinical Laboratory (Histopathology and Cytology), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hassan A. Albarqi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Hamad S. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Mohammad H. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Abdulsalam A. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ali Alasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Thamer S. Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.); (H.A.A.); (H.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.); (T.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-17542-8744
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Algahtani MS, Ahmad MZ, Shaikh IA, Abdel-Wahab BA, Nourein IH, Ahmad J. Thymoquinone Loaded Topical Nanoemulgel for Wound Healing: Formulation Design and In-Vivo Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:3863. [PMID: 34202733 PMCID: PMC8270244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone is a natural bioactive with significant therapeutic activity against multiple ailments including wound healing. The poor aqueous solubility and low skin permeability limit its therapeutic efficacy. The present investigation aimed to improve the biopharmaceutical attributes of thymoquinone to enhance its topical efficacy in wound healing. A nanoemulsion-based hydrogel system was designed and characterized as a nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of thymoquinone, utilizing a high-energy emulsification technique. The black seed oil, as a natural home of thymoquinone, was utilized to improve the drug loading capacity of the developed nanoemulsion system and reduced the oil droplet size to <100 nm through ultrasonication. The influence of formulation composition, and the ultrasonication process conditions, were investigated on the mean globule size and polydispersity index of the generated nanoemulsion. Irrespective of surfactant/co-surfactant ratio and % concentration of surfactant/co-surfactant mixture, the ultrasonication time had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on the mean droplet size and polydispersity index of the generated nanoemulsion. The developed nanoemulgel system of thymoquinone demonstrated the pseudoplastic behavior with thixotropic properties, and this behavior is desirable for topical application. The nanoemulgel system of thymoquinone exhibited significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in skin penetrability and deposition characteristics after topical administration compared to the conventional hydrogel system. The developed nanoemulgel system of thymoquinone exhibited quicker and early healing in wounded Wistar rats compared to the conventional hydrogel of thymoquinone, while showing comparable healing efficacy with respect to marketed silver sulfadiazine (1%) cream. Furthermore, histopathology analysis of animals treated with a developed formulation system demonstrated the formation of the thick epidermal layer, papillary dermis along with the presence of extensive and organized collagen fibers in newly healed tissues. The outcome of this investigation signifies that topical delivery of thymoquinone through nanoemulgel system is a promising candidate which accelerates the process of wound healing in preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.S.); (B.A.A.-W.)
| | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.S.); (B.A.A.-W.)
| | - Ihab Hamed Nourein
- Department of Clinical Laboratory (Histopathology and Cytology), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.)
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Kouhihabibidehkordi G, Kheiri S, Karimi I, Taheri F, Bijad E, Bahadoram M, Alibabaie Z, Asgharian S, Zamani H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Effect of White Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Extract on Skin Wound Healing Process in Rats. World J Plast Surg 2021; 10:85-95. [PMID: 33833959 PMCID: PMC8016378 DOI: 10.29252/wjps.10.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White tea (Camellia sinensis) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and a protective effect against wrinkles, sunburn and UV damages on the skin. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of white tea extract on the healing process of skin wounds in rats. METHODS This study was done in the Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran in 2019. Excisional skin wounds were created on five groups of healthy male Wistar rats (200-250 g, n=21) including control group, Eucerin-treated group, white tea 5% ointment (Eucerin) treated group, gel-treated group, white tea 5% gel treated group. Treatment was begun on day 1 and repeated every day at the same time until day 15. Pathologic samples were taken on days 4, 7 and 15 for histopathological examinations. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze data by SPSS. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. RESULTS Wound closure rate of control group was more than other groups on day 4 (P<0.05). On day 7, reepithelisation and granulation tissue of control group were more than white tea 5% ointment-treated and its inflammation was less than others (P<0.05). Neo-vascularization of white tea 5% ointment-treated group was more than control group on days 4 and 15 (P<0.05). On day 4, intact mast cells of control group were more than white tea treated groups (P<0.05). Degranulated mast cells of white tea 5% gel treated group was significantly (P<0.05) more than control group on days 4 and 15. CONCLUSION Five percent white tea extract could not help the skin wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnoush Kouhihabibidehkordi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soleiman Kheiri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Iraj Karimi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taheri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Bijad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bahadoram
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Alibabaie
- Medical Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shirin Asgharian
- Medical Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hajar Zamani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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10
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Leite A, Estevão L, Silva C, Lima J, Bulhões A, Soares E, Evêncio-Neto J. Avaliação morfo-histológica e morfo-histométrica de feridas cutâneas tratadas com Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski em ratos. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar macro e microscopicamente a atividade cicatrizante da Sphagneticola trilobata em feridas cutâneas induzidas em ratos, a partir da aplicação de creme contendo extrato hidroalcoólico bruto de folhas da planta. A análise fitoquímica apresentou terpenos e flavonoides como compostos majoritários. Sessenta ratos foram divididos em três grupos experimentais (n=20): grupo tratado (GT), grupo controle (GC) e grupo controle absoluto (GCA). Quatro feridas excisionais de 0,8cm de diâmetro foram realizadas no dorso dos animais, tratadas diariamente e avaliadas nos tempos três, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório (PO) quanto à contração e à avaliação macroscópica, morfo-histológica e morfo-histométrica. Macroscopicamente, não houve diferença estatística na contração das feridas entre os grupos testados. Na avaliação morfológica e na morfométrica, o GT apresentou menor concentração de células inflamatórias, maior e melhor preenchimento do tecido de granulação pelas fibras colágenas e melhor vascularização das feridas. Não houve diferença entre o GC e o GCA. Conclui-se que o creme à base do extrato hidroalcoólico bruto das folhas de Sphagneticola trilobata contribui positivamente para o processo de cicatrização das feridas em pele de ratos.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.G.B. Leite
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - J.L.S. Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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11
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de Moura Estevão LR, Cassini-Vieira P, Leite AGB, de Carvalho Bulhões AAV, da Silva Barcelos L, Evêncio-Neto J. Morphological Evaluation of Wound Healing Events in the Excisional Wound Healing Model in Rats. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3285. [PMID: 33654800 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a complex process involving different events such as blood coagulation, inflammation, new blood vessels formation, and extracellular matrix deposition. These events can be observed by using histology techniques. However, the lack of the standardization of such parameters impacts on the reproducibility of results. Here, we describe a protocol to perform macroscopic and microscopic analyses of the events that occur during skin wound healing using the experimental model of excisional wounds in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Reis de Moura Estevão
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Puebla Cassini-Vieira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Cancer Center Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Ana Greice Borba Leite
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | | - Lucíola da Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (ICB) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Evêncio-Neto
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
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12
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Souza Neto Júnior JDC, Estevão LRDM, Ferraz AA, Simões RS, Vieira MGF, Evêncio-Neto J. Ointment of Ximenes americana promotes acceleration of wound healing in rats1. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900307. [PMID: 30892393 PMCID: PMC6585885 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190030000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the healing potential of the Ximenia americana
hydroalcoholic extract in 10% cream in excisional wound models in rats. Methods Sixty male adults Wistar rats were submitted to skin and subcutaneous tissue
surgery in the right and left thoracic regions, divided into three
experimental groups: Standard submitted to treatment with only the base
vehicle, Treated wounds treated with hydroalcoholic extract of X. americana
applied on 10%, Lanette base and Control, untreated wounds. The treatment
was performed daily and the wounds evaluated microscopically by the
quantification of fibroblasts, collagen fibers and blood vessels. Results The histomorphometric analysis showed a significant increase in the number
of fibroblasts, collagen fibers and blood vessels in the treated group. Conclusion The topical action of the cream based on Ximenia americana
shows angiogenic effects and improves the replacement of collagen,
suggesting its use for the development of herbal remedy in the treatment of
cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de Castro Souza Neto Júnior
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife-PE, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, histopathological examinations, statistics analysis, manuscript preparation
| | - Lígia Reis de Moura Estevão
- PhD, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, UFRPE, Recife-PE, Brazil. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript writing
| | - Adriana Aparecida Ferraz
- PhD, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. Histopathological examinations, manuscript preparation, critical revision
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- PhD, Department of Morphology and Genetic, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Analysis of data, manuscript writing, final approval
| | - Marcela Gabriela Feitosa Vieira
- Fellow Master degree, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, UFRPE, Recife-PE, Brazil. Analysis and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Joaquim Evêncio-Neto
- Full Professor, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, UFRPE, Recife-PE, Brazil. Conception and design of the study, manuscript preparation, critical revision
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13
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Asante DB, Henneh IT, Acheampong DO, Kyei F, Adokoh CK, Ofori EG, Domey NK, Adakudugu E, Tangella LP, Ameyaw EO. Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activity of young and old leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1187-1203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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14
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Simsek T, Erbas M, Buyuk B, Pala C, Sahin H, Altinisik B. Prevention of rocuronium induced mast cell activation with prophylactic oleuropein rich diet in anesthetized rabbits1. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 33:954-963. [PMID: 30517322 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180110000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of a prophylactic oleuropein-rich diet before anesthesia accompanied by the widely-used steroid-based neuromuscular drug rocuronium on mast cell activation was investigated in the study. METHODS 14 rabbits used in the study. The rabbits in the oleuropein group were given oleuropein-rich extract added to the animals' water at doses of 20 mg/kg oleuropein for 15 days orally. After 15 days, all rabbits in the two groups were given general anesthesia with rocuronium of 1 mg/kg. After 1 day, animals were sacrificed and the liver tissue sections stained with H&E, toluidine blue and tryptase for immunohistochemical study. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between ALT, AST and albumin averages of the oleuropein and control groups (p> 0.05). The tryptase average of the control group was higher than the tryptase average of the oleuropein group and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). The T. blue average in the oleuropein group was higher than the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.482). CONCLUSIONS Rocuronium adverse effects, like hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, may limit routine use of this substance. The use of oleuropein reduced the number of inflammatory cells and prevented degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuncer Simsek
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Design of the study, acquisition of data, manuscript preparation
| | - Mesut Erbas
- Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Conception and design of the study
| | - Basak Buyuk
- Assistant Professor, Department of Histology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Histopathological examinations
| | - Cigdem Pala
- Associate Professor, Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Interpretation of data, technical procedures
| | - Hasan Sahin
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Acquisition and interpretation of data
| | - Betul Altinisik
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Analysis and interpretation of data
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Xia D, Yang Q, Fung K, Towner RA, Smith N, Saunders D, Greenwood‐Van Meerveld B, Kropp BP, Madihally SV, Lin H. Immunomodulatory response of layered small intestinal submucosa in a rat bladder regeneration model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1960-1969. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xia
- Department of UrologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei People's Republic of China
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
| | - Kar‐Ming Fung
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
| | - Rheal A. Towner
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance CenterOklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance CenterOklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance CenterOklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
| | - Beverley Greenwood‐Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
| | - Bradley P. Kropp
- Department of UrologyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | | | - Hsueh‐Kung Lin
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma 74078
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16
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Ferreira Macedo JG, de Menezes IRA, Alves Ribeiro D, de Oliveira Santos M, Gonçalves de Mâcedo D, Ferreira Macêdo MJ, Vilar de Almeida B, Souza de Oliveira LG, Pereira Leite C, de Almeida Souza MM. Analysis of the Variability of Therapeutic Indications of Medicinal Species in the Northeast of Brazil: Comparative Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:6769193. [PMID: 29849720 PMCID: PMC5937548 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6769193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study aims to evaluate the versatility of these species and their agreement of use and/or the informants' knowledge and verify the variability of the information on the indicated medicinal species in comparison to other species from northeastern Brazilian areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical information was acquired through interviews with 23 residents of the Quincuncá community, northeastern Brazil. From the obtained data, a comparative analysis of the therapeutic indications with other 40 areas in different biomes was conducted. For that, the relative importance index and informant consensus factor were calculated and compared to other indices evaluated in the literature. RESULTS A total of 39 medicinal species were cited and twenty-six species showed similarities among their therapeutic indications; however, species as Geoffroea spinosa, Lantana camara, and others can be highlighted, present in community disease indications that were not verified for other areas. Myracrodruon urundeuva, Mimosa tenuiflora, Stryphnodendron rotundifolium, and Amburana cearensis had the greatest versatility. In the Quincuncá community, medicinal species were indicated for 49 diseases, which were grouped into 15 categories of body systems. CONCLUSION This study shows the presented divergence in relation to their therapeutic use; in this point, these divergences reinforce the importance of pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Daiany Alves Ribeiro
- Department of Biology, Vegetal Ecology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria de Oliveira Santos
- Department of Biology, Vegetal Ecology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca Vilar de Almeida
- Department of Biology, Vegetal Ecology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Catarina Pereira Leite
- Department of Biology, Vegetal Ecology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
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