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Al Mamun A, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. Pyroptosis in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and its Therapeutic Regulation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3839-3864. [PMID: 38895141 PMCID: PMC11185259 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s465203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of cell death resulting from the activation of gasdermins (GSDMs) pore-forming proteins and the release of several pro-inflammatory factors. However, inflammasomes are the intracellular protein complexes that cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD), leading to the formation of robust cell membrane pores and the initiation of pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation and gasdermin-mediated membrane pore formation are the important intrinsic processes in the classical pyroptotic signaling pathway. Overactivation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers pyroptosis and amplifies inflammation. Current evidence suggests that the overactivation of inflammasomes and pyroptosis may further induce the progression of cancers, nerve injury, inflammatory disorders and metabolic dysfunctions. Current evidence also indicates that pyroptosis-dependent cell death accelerates the progression of diabetes and its frequent consequences including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Pyroptosis-mediated inflammatory reaction further exacerbates DPN-mediated CNS injury. Accumulating evidence shows that several molecular signaling mechanisms trigger pyroptosis in insulin-producing cells, further leading to the development of DPN. Numerous studies have suggested that certain natural compounds or drugs may possess promising pharmacological properties by modulating inflammasomes and pyroptosis, thereby offering potential preventive and practical therapeutic approaches for the treatment and management of DPN. This review elaborates on the underlying molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and explores possible therapeutic strategies for regulating pyroptosis-regulated cell death in the pharmacological treatment of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang T, Wang L, Chen L. Alleviative effect of microRNA-497 on diabetic neuropathic pain in rats in relation to decreased USP15. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1-16. [PMID: 35478295 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The current study tries to discuss the functional role of microRNA-497 (miR-497) in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) and the related downstream mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis was implemented for the identification of differentially expressed miRNAs and genes. DNP was simulated in rats through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The expression patterns of miR-497, USP15, NRF2, and G6PD were then determined. The binding of miR-497 and USP15 was confirmed. Using gain- and loss-of-function assays, we analyzed the critical role of miR-497-mediated USP15 in DNP through the NRF2/G6PD axis. Downregulated miR-497 and elevated USP15 were observed in the dorsal root ganglion neurons isolated from spinal cord tissues of STZ-induced DNP rats. miR-497 could alleviate DNP, which was associated with suppression of USP15, a confirmed target of miR-497. USP15 enhanced the degradation and ubiquitination of NRF2 and induced G6PD expression, leading to the progression of DNP. We highlighted the crucial role of miR-497-mediated USP15 in DNP through the NRF2/G6PD axis. 1. miR-497 is downregulated in DRG neurons from spinal cord tissues of STZ-induced DNP rats. 2. miR-497 inhibits the expression of USP15, thereby alleviating STZ-induced DNP in rats. 3. USP15 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of NRF2, reducing the expression of G6PD. 4. miR-497 alleviates STZ-induced DNP in rats by regulating the USP15/NRF2/G6PD axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Zhang
- Emergency Department, Liaoning Health Industry Group Fukuang General Hospital, Fushun, 113008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Liaoning Health Industry Group Fukuang General Hospital, Fushun, 113008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No.2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Basu P, Maier C, Averitt DL, Basu A. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and peripheral neuropathic pain - Emphasis on microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175901. [PMID: 37451423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by the lesion or disease of the somatosensory system and can be initiated and/or maintained by both central and peripheral mechanisms. Nerve injury leads to neuronal damage and apoptosis associated with the release of an array of pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns to activate inflammasomes. The activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to neuropathic pain and may represent a novel target for pain therapeutic development. In the current review, we provide an up-to-date summary of the recent findings on the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in modulating neuropathic pain development and maintenance, focusing on peripheral neuropathic conditions. Here we provide a detailed review of the mechanisms whereby NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to neuropathic pain via (1) neuroinflammation, (2) apoptosis, (3) pyroptosis, (4) proinflammatory cytokine release, (5) mitochondrial dysfunction, and (6) oxidative stress. We then present the current research literature reporting on the antinociceptive effects of several natural products and pharmacological interventions that target activation, expression, and/or regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we emphasize the effects of microRNAs as another regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, we summarize the possible caveats and future perspectives that might provide successful therapeutic approaches against NLRP3 inflammasome for treating or preventing neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Basu
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, The Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Camelia Maier
- Division of Biology, School of the Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
| | - Dayna L Averitt
- Division of Biology, School of the Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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Impellizzeri D, Siracusa R, D'Amico R, Fusco R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Açaí berry ameliorates cognitive impairment by inhibiting NLRP3/ASC/CASP axis in STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy in mice. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:671-683. [PMID: 37584088 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00239.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes complications such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are linked to morbidity and mortality. Peripheral nerve damages in DPN are accompanied by discomfort, weakness, and sensory loss. Some drugs may demonstrate their therapeutic promise by reducing neuroinflammation, but they have side effects. Based on these considerations, the objective of this study was to examine the beneficial properties of açaí berry in a mouse model of DPN generated by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Açaí berry was given orally to diabetic and control mice every day beginning 2 wk after STZ injection. The animals were euthanized after 16 wk, and tissues from the spinal cord and sciatic nerve and urine were taken. Our findings showed that daily treatment of açaí berry at a dose of 500 mg/kg was able to prevent behavioral changes as well as mast cell activation and nerve deterioration via NOD-like receptor family pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3)/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card (ASC)/caspase (CASP) regulation after diabetes induction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our research shows that açaí berry reduces mast cells degranulation and histological damage in diabetic neuropathy, improves physiological defense against reactive oxygen species, modulates the NLRP3/ASC/CASP axis, and ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress. Diet could help treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Wu Y, Huang X, Yang L, Liu Y. Purinergic neurotransmission receptor P2X4 silencing alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuroinflammation by blocking the NLRP1/Caspase-1 pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14288. [PMID: 37652931 PMCID: PMC10471699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is performed to explore the role of P2X4 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the association between P2X4 and the NLRP1/Caspase-1 pathway. The mouse ICH model was established via collagenase injection into the right basal ganglia. P2X4 expression in brain tissues was knocked down via intracerebroventricular injection with adeno-associated virus (AAV) harboring shRNA against shP2X4. The gene expression of P2X4 and protein levels related to NLRP1 inflammasome were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Muramyl dipeptide (an activator of NLRP1) was used to activate NLRP1 in brain tissues. ICH induced high expression of P2X4 in mouse brain tissues. The knockdown of P2X4 alleviated short- and long-term neurological deficits of ICH mice, as well as inhibited the tissue expression and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Additionally, the expressions of NLRP1, ASC, and pro-Caspase-1 were down-regulated upon P2X4 silencing. Moreover, neurological impairment and the expression and secretion of cytokines after P2X4 silencing were aggravated by the additional administration of MDP. P2X4 knockdown represses neuroinflammation in brain tissues after ICH. Mechanistically, P2X4 inhibition exerts a neuroprotective effect in ICH by blocking the NLRP1/Caspase-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, ShangRao People's Hospital, No. 87, Shuyuan Road, Shangrao City, 334000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- JiangXi Medical College, No. 399, Zhimin Road, Xinzhou District, Shangrao City, 334099, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou City, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- JiangXi Medical College, No. 399, Zhimin Road, Xinzhou District, Shangrao City, 334099, Jiangxi Province, China
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Dexmedetomidine alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy via the microRNA-34a/SIRT2/S1PR1 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109910. [PMID: 37012886 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, sympatholytic, and hemodynamic-stabilizing properties, which plays a neuroprotective role in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetes-induced nerve damage. However, the related molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, our study explored the mechanism of Dex in DPN using rat and RSC96 cell models. METHODS Sciatic nerve sections were observed under an optical microscope and the ultrastructure of the sciatic nerves was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Oxidative stress was assessed by detecting MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, and ROS levels. The motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of rats were measured. Cell viability, apoptosis, and the changes in the expression of related genes and proteins were examined. Furthermore, the relationship between microRNA (miR)-34a and SIRT2 or SIRT2 and S1PR1 was analyzed. RESULTS Dex reversed DPN-induced decreases in MNCV, MWT, and TWL. Dex alleviated oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis in both the rat and RSC96 cell models of DPN. Mechanistically, miR-34a negatively targeted SIRT2, and SIRT2 inhibited S1PR1 transcription. The overexpression of miR-34a or S1PR1 or the inhibition of SIRT2 counteracted the neuroprotective effects of Dex in DPN in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Dex alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with DPN by downregulating miR-34a to regulate the SIRT2/S1PR1 axis.
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Sun M, Zhang M, Yin H, Tu H, Wen Y, Wei X, Shen W, Huang R, Xiong W, Li G, Gao Y. Long non-coding RNA MSTRG.81401 short hairpin RNA relieves diabetic neuropathic pain and behaviors of depression by inhibiting P2X4 receptor expression in type 2 diabetic rats. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:123-133. [PMID: 35022948 PMCID: PMC9984665 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) experience immense physical and mental suffering, which is comorbid with other mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). P2X4 receptor, one of the purinergic receptors, is a significant mediator of DNP and MDD. The present study aimed to identify the roles and mechanisms of MSTRG.81401, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), in alleviating DNP and MDD-like behaviors in type 2 diabetic rats. After administration with MSTRG.81401 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), the model + MSTRG.81401 shRNA group demonstrated increased mechanical withdrawal threshold, thermal withdrawal latency, open-field test, and sucrose preference test; however, immobility time on the forced swimming test decreased. MSTRG.81401 shRNA administration significantly decreased the expression of the P2X4 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in the hippocampus and spinal cord in the model + MSTRG.81401 shRNA group. Simultaneously, MSTRG.81401 shRNA administration downregulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the hippocampus and spinal cord. Thus, lncRNA MSTRG.81401 shRNA can alleviate DNP and MDD-like behaviors in type 2 diabetic rats and may downregulate the expression of P2X4 receptors in the hippocampus and spinal cord of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Sun
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoming Yin
- Medical College of Grade 2017, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Tu
- Basic Medical College of Grade 2018, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Wen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Wei
- Basic Medical College of Grade 2017, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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He XF, Kang YR, Fei XY, Chen LH, Li X, Ma YQ, Hu QQ, Qu SY, Wang HZ, Shao XM, Liu BY, Yi-Liang, Du JY, Fang JQ, Jiang YL. Inhibition of phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα relieves streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic pain through regulation of P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:99-111. [PMID: 34973115 PMCID: PMC9984656 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is frequent among patients with diabetes. We previously showed that P2X3 upregulation in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) plays a role in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DNP but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, a rat model of DNP was established by a single injection of STZ (65 mg/kg). Fasting blood glucose was significantly elevated from the 1st to 3rd week. Paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) and paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) in diabetic rats significantly reduced from the 2nd to 3rd week. Western blot analysis revealed that elevated p-CaMKIIα levels in the DRG of DNP rats were accompanied by pain-associated behaviors while CaMKIIα levels were unchanged. Immunofluorescence revealed significant increase in the proportion of p-CaMKIIα immune positive DRG neurons (stained with NeuN) in the 2nd and 3rd week and p-CaMKIIα was co-expressed with P2X3 in DNP rats. KN93, a CaMKII antagonist, significantly reduce mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia and these effects varied dose-dependently, and suppressed p-CaMKIIα and P2X3 upregulation in the DRGs of DNP rats. These results revealed that the p-CaMKIIα upregulation in DRG is involved in DNP, which possibly mediated P2X3 upregulation, indicating CaMKIIα may be an effective pharmacological target for DNP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fen He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yu Fei
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Department of Acupucture, the Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated To Tongxiang Health School, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314500, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ying Qu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Liang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Liu JP, Liu SC, Hu SQ, Lu JF, Wu CL, Hu DX, Zhang WJ. ATP ion channel P2X purinergic receptors in inflammation response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114205. [PMID: 36916431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different studies have confirmed that P2X purinergic receptors play a key role in inflammation. Activation of P2X purinergic receptors can release inflammatory cytokines and participate in the progression of inflammatory diseases. In an inflammatory microenvironment, cells can release a large amount of ATP to activate P2X receptors, open non-selective cation channels, activate multiple intracellular signaling, release multiple inflammatory cytokines, amplify inflammatory response. While P2X4 and P2X7 receptors play an important role in the process of inflammation. P2X4 receptor can mediate the activation of microglia involved in neuroinflammation, and P2X7 receptor can mediate different inflammatory cells to mediate the progression of tissue-wide inflammation. At present, the role of P2X receptors in inflammatory response has been widely recognized and affirmed. Therefore, in this paper, we discussed the role of P2X receptors-mediated inflammation. Moreover, we also described the effects of some antagonists (such as A-438079, 5-BDBD, A-804598, A-839977, and A-740003) on inflammation relief by antagonizing the activities of P2X receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Peng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Si-Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Shi-Qi Hu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Jia-Feng Lu
- Basic medical school, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Chang-Lei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Dong-Xia Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China.
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10
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Chen W, Wang X, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Liu J, Hu T, Wu W, Wei C, Liu M, Ding Y, Liu D, Chong Y, Wang P, Zhu H, Cui W, Zhang J, Li Q, Yang F. The upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in dorsal root ganglion by ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) contributed to diabetic neuropathic pain in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:302. [PMID: 36527131 PMCID: PMC9756585 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to pain hypersensitivity in multiple neuropathic pain models, but the function of the NLRP3 in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) and the regulation mechanism are still largely unknown. Epigenetic regulation plays a vital role in the controlling of gene expression. Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) is a DNA demethylase that contributes to transcriptional activation. TET2 is also involved in high glucose (HG)-induced pathology. METHODS DNP was induced in mice via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) for five consecutive days and the mechanical threshold was evaluated in STZ-diabetic mice by using von Frey hairs. The expression level of the NLRP3 pathway and TET2 in DRG were determined through molecular biology experiments. The regulation of the NLRP3 pathway by TET2 was examined in in vitro and in vivo conditions. RESULTS In the present research, we first established the DNP model and found that NLRP3 pathway was activated in DRG. The treatment of NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 alleviated the mechanical allodynia of DNP mice. Then we revealed that in STZ-diabetic mice DRG, the genomic DNA was demethylated, and the expression of DNA demethylase TET2 was increased evidently. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we found that the expression of Txnip, a gene that encodes a thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) which mediates NLRP3 activation, was elevated in the DRG after STZ treatment. In addition, knocking down of TET2 expression in DRG using TET2-siRNA suppressed the mRNA expression of Txnip and subsequently inhibited the expression/activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo as well as relieved the pain sensitivity of DNP animals. CONCLUSION The results suggested that the upregulation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway by TET2 in DRG was involved in the pain hypersensitivity of the DNP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Qingyu Sun
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Tingting Hu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Weihua Wu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Chao Wei
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Meng Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Yumeng Ding
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Dianxin Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Yingzi Chong
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Anesthesiology Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Peipei Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Weihua Cui
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Anesthesiology Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Qian Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XKey Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Fei Yang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
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The Effect of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction on Spinal Cord Microglia Activation and ASK1-MKK3-p38 Signal Pathway in Rats with Diabetic Neuropathic Pain. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2408265. [PMID: 35646150 PMCID: PMC9135525 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2408265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is one of the most common chronic peripheral neuropathies in diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective. To observe the underlying mechanism of the effects of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction (YQHX) on DNP rats. Methods. SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to prepare DNP models and were treated with YQHX for 8 weeks. Results. Studies have shown that the drug restores some levels of MWT, TWL, and MNCV, downregulates the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, downregulates the levels of ASK1-MKK3-p38, and weakens the level of OX42 activation. Conclusion. Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction can relieve DNP by affecting the activity of spinal cord microglia and the ASK1-MKK3-p38 signaling pathway, thereby reducing the central sensitization caused by the inflammatory response of DNP rats.
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12
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P2X4 Inhibition reduces microglia inflammation and apoptosis by NLRP3 and improves nervous system defects in rat brain trauma model. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 99:224-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Wang J, Wang Y. Circular RNA cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 antisense RNA (Circ-CDR1as) downregulation induced by dexmedetomidine treatment protects hippocampal neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through the microRNA-28-3p (miR-28-3p)/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-3 (TRAF3) axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10512-10524. [PMID: 34787053 PMCID: PMC8810102 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1999369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury results in serious brain tissue damage, thereby leading to long-term disability and mortality. It has been reported that dexmedetomidine (DEX) exerted neuroprotective effects in CI/R injury. Herein, we intended to investigate whether and how circular RNA (circRNA) cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 antisense RNA (circ-CDR1as) was involved in the DEX-mediated protection on hippocampal neurons. In our work, the mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22) were used to construct a hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) model for CI/R injury. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Gene expressions were detected by RT-qPCR. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were measured by ELISA. The association between miR-28-3p and circ-CDR1as or TRAF3 was verified by dual-luciferase assay. The results indicated that DEX alleviated HT-22 cell dysfunction induced by H/R treatment. In addition, circ-CDR1as was downregulated after DEX treatment and reversed the effects of DEX on the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses of H/R-treated HT-22 cells. Circ-CDR1as positively regulated TRAF3 expression via interaction with miR-28-3p in HT-22 cells. Circ-CDR1as aggravated H/R-treated HT-22 cell dysfunction through targeting miR-28-3p. Furthermore, TRAF3 inhibition partly abolished the effect of circ-CDR1as overexpression on cellular activities of H/R-treated HT-22 cells. To sum up, our findings, for the first time, demonstrated that DEX exerted neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons against H/R treatment via the circ-CDR1as/miR-28-3p/TRAF3 regulatory network, providing novel therapeutic targets for DEX administration in CI/R treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Liyang People's Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Liyang People's Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
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Alharbi AF, Parrington J. Deciphering the Role of Endolysosomal Ca 2+ Channels in Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656965. [PMID: 33986747 PMCID: PMC8111081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of endolysosomal Ca2+ signalling in immunity has been a subject of increasing interest in recent years. Here, we discuss evolving knowledge relating to the contribution of endolysosomal Ca2+ channels that include TPCs, TRPMLs, and P2X4R in physiological processes related to innate and adaptive immunity-including phagocytosis, inflammation, cytokine/chemokine release, dendritic, natural killer, and T cell activation and migration-and we underscore the paucity of clinical studies in this field. Emerging biomedical and translational data have led to important new insights into the critical roles of these channels in immune cell function and the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The evolving immunological significance of endolysosomal Ca2+ signalling warrants further investigations to better characterize the roles of these channels in immunity in order to expand our knowledge about the pathology of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and develop endolysosomal Ca2+ channels as viable biomarkers and therapeutic and preventive targets for remodelling the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer F. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Zheng T, Wang Q, Bian F, Zhao Y, Ma W, Zhang Y, Lu W, Lei P, Zhang L, Hao X, Chen L. Salidroside alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain through regulation of the AMPK-NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 416:115468. [PMID: 33639149 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High glucose (HG)-induced nucleotide-binding and oligomerization (NACHT) domain, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation leads to diabetic neuropathic pain. We recently showed that salidroside could suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hepatocytes exposed to HG. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of salidroside on diabetic rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Rat models with diabetic neuropathic pain were induced by high-fat diet feeding combined with low dose streptozotocin injections. Doses of salidroside at 50 and 100 mg.kg-1.day-1 were administered by gavage to diabetic rats for 6 weeks. Mechanical allodynia test, thermal hyperalgesia test and biochemical analysis were performed to evaluate therapeutic effects. Primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells exposed to HG at 45 mM were used to further study the effects of salidroside on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-NLRP3 inflammasome axis and insulin sensitivity in vitro. Salidroside administration improved hyperglycemia, ameliorated insulin resistance, and alleviated neuropathic pain in diabetic rats. Moreover, salidroside induced AMPK activation and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the DRGs of diabetic rats. In addition, salidroside treatment relieved oxidative stress, improved insulin sensitivity and regulated the AMPK-NLRP3 inflammasome axis in HG-treated DRGs in vitro. Furthermore, AMPK inhibition in vivo or AMPK silencing in vitro abolished the beneficial effects of salidroside on diabetic neuropathic pain. Together, these results indicate that salidroside alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain through its regulation of the AMPK-NLRP3 inflammasome axis in DRGs.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetic Neuropathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/prevention & control
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/enzymology
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiopathology
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Neuralgia/enzymology
- Neuralgia/etiology
- Neuralgia/physiopathology
- Neuralgia/prevention & control
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Qibin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Weidong Ma
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Pan Lei
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
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16
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Menini S, Iacobini C, Vitale M, Pugliese G. The Inflammasome in Chronic Complications of Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:E1812. [PMID: 32751658 PMCID: PMC7464565 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) ranks seventh as a cause of death worldwide. Chronic complications, including cardiovascular, renal, and eye disease, as well as DM-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) account for most of the morbidity and premature mortality in DM. Despite continuous improvements in the management of late complications of DM, significant gaps remain. Therefore, searching for additional strategies to prevent these serious DM-related conditions is of the utmost importance. DM is characterized by a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is critical in the progression of complications. Recent clinical trials indicate that targeting the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) improves the outcomes of cardiovascular disease, which is the first cause of death in DM patients. Together with IL-18, IL-1β is processed and secreted by the inflammasomes, a class of multiprotein complexes that coordinate inflammatory responses. Several DM-related metabolic factors, including reactive oxygen species, glyco/lipoxidation end products, and cholesterol crystals, have been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic retinopathy, and in the promoting effect of DM on the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and NAFLD. These metabolic factors are also well-established danger signals capable of regulating inflammasome activity. In addition to presenting the current state of knowledge, this review discusses how the mechanistic understanding of inflammasome regulation by metabolic danger signals may hopefully lead to novel therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation for a more effective treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (C.I.); (M.V.)
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Zhang WJ, Luo HL, Zhu ZM. The role of P2X4 receptors in chronic pain: A potential pharmacological target. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110447. [PMID: 32887026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common symptom of most clinical diseases, which seriously affects the psychosomatic health of patients and brings some pain to patients. Due to its pathological mechanism is very complicated and the treatment of chronic pain has always been a difficult problem in clinical. Normally, drugs are usually used to relieve pain, but the analgesic effect is not good, especially for cancer pain patients, the analgesic effect is poor. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic pain has aroused the interest of many researchers. A large number of studies have shown that the role of ATP and P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. P2X4R is dependent on ATP ligand-gated ion channel receptor, which can be activated by ATP and plays an important role in the information transmission of nerve system and the formation of pain. Therefore, in this paper, we comprehensively described the structure and biological functions of P2X4R, and outlined behavioral evaluation methods of chronic pain models. Moreover, we also explored the inherent relationship between P2X4R and chronic pain, and described the therapeutic effect of P2X4R antagonist on chronic pain, and provided some valuable help for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
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