Mortalidade feminina e anos de vida perdidos por homicídio/agressão em capital brasileira após promulgação da Lei Maria da Penha

[Timeline trend of homicides of women in the states of the Southeast region of Brazil between 2007 and 2019]

The scope of this article is to analyze the timeline trend of homicides of women between 2007 and 2019, in the Southeast region of Brazil. It is a mixed ecological study of homicides in women, from 2007 to 2019, considering the years of the study and the states that that make up the Southeast region as the unit of analysis. The data were obtained via the Mortality Information System (SIM) and tabulated by TABNET. The Prais-Winten regression model was used to verify the homicide trend. There were 18,415 homicides of women between 2007 and 2019 in the Southeast region. A total of 9,691 (53.64%) were black women, 5,118 (27.8%) had 4 to 7 years of schooling and 10,841 (58.87%) were single. The annual percentage variations were: São Paulo -3.73 ; 95%CI [-6.09; -1.32], Espírito Santo -5.67 ; 95%CI [-7.11;-4.21], Rio de Janeiro -3.86; 95%CI [-9.54; 2.17] and Minas Gerais -2.11 ; 95%CI [-4.87; 0.73]. São Paulo and Espírito Santo presented decreasing homicide rates for women, while Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro showed stationary rates. The highest homicide rates in the period were single women, black women and women with 4 to 7 years of schooling. It is necessary to build social networks that ensure the full protection of women.

Epidemiological profile of female firearm-related mortality

ABSTRACT

The mortality rate of women due to firearms increases every day in Brazil and globally. This study aimed to evaluate the trends of firearm-related mortality in women from the years 2007 to 2016 in order to determine their profile and to associate these indicators with public policy and strategies to reduce mortality.This is an ecological time-series study using secondary data of women aged 10 to 49 years old collected through the mortality information system (SIM) in Brazil. Furthermore, independent characteristics such as education, color, race and civil status were also collected from SIM. Data was analyzed using the Join Point open source software version.There was an increase in the mortality rate of women who received 4 to the 7 years of education, were single, and brown-skinned. There was a significantly increased rate of mortality in women whose ages ranged from 20 to 29 years followed by 30 to 39 years; the rate was also significantly higher in the northeast region followed by the southeast region.There is a need for professional training to assist women in vulnerable situations.

[Trend and distribution of the homicide mortality rate in accordance with the size of the population of Brazilian municipalities - 2000 and 2015]

The scope of this study is to analyze the trends and distribution of homicide mortality rates (HMR) according to the population size of Brazilian municipalities between 2000 and 2015. It is an ecological study of deaths recorded in the Mortality Information System, with HMR standardized by the direct method and 95% confidence interval. HMR in Brazil grew 6% (to 29.1/100,000) in the period, with an increase in small municipalities (83%; 12.7 to 23.2/100,000) and mediumsized cities (52%; 19.7% to 30.1/100,000); which is true for both sexes, different ages, regions and firearm-related events. HMR decreased in major cities (19%; 40.6% to 32.9/100,000) and the Southeast region (55%; 45.6% to 20.6/100,000). The relative risk (RR) of small and medium-sized cities in relation to large cities is already greater than or close to 1 among women (RR 0.99; 1.03), people aged 60 years or older (RR 1.43; 1.36) and homicides by other means (RR 1.16; 1.18). The cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro contributed the most to the reduction of HMR, especially in large cities (-37.6 and -22.3 homicides/100,000 inhabitants). Small and medium-sized municipalities have consistent trends of an increase in HMR even considering population subgroups.

Violence against women: systematic review of the Brazilian scientific literature within the period from 2009 to 2013

Violence against women is a worldwide issue, and the number of publications addressing it tends to increase, due to its magnitude. This article analyzes the scientific literature on the issue, within the period from 2009 to 2013. This is a systematic review of articles indexed in the Virtual Health Library (VHL). It included studies freely available online and published in Brazil, in full text, in Portuguese. It excluded articles without a scientific standard, those published abroad, and government information. The studies were assessed regarding methodological aspects and those related to violence, and data underwent statistical analysis in the softwares SPSS and Excel. Most of the 148 texts were qualitative, published in 2011, by up to 3 authors, and the victims were individuals mainly assessed through Content Analysis. The violence types identified were physical, sexual, and psychological, with overlapping forms related to mental and physical consequences. The findings converge with the current trend to address violence in a qualitative way, in order to provide an in-depth analysis of the victims' experiences. It is expected that this study contributes to raising awareness as for the need to approach the issue, with a view to promote women's health.

Análise da tendência da mortalidade feminina por agressão no Brasil, estados e regiões

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tendência temporal da taxa de mortalidade feminina por agressão no Brasil, regiões e estados no período de 2002 a 2012. Estudo ecológico de série temporal com dados secundários de mulheres na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos mortas por agressão. As taxas de mortalidade foram analisadas por regressão linear simples, estratificadas por região, Índice de Gini e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Evidenciou-se no país tendência estável na taxa de mortalidade feminina por agressão, com diferenças entre estados e regiões. O Centro-Oeste apresentou maiores taxas e tendência de estagnação. Observou-se tendência de aumento nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Sul e diminuição na região Sudeste. Os estados pertencentes ao tercil com maior IDH apresentam tendência de declínio e estabilização nos 1º e 2º tercis. Foi observado aumento da taxa de mortalidade nos estados com maior desigualdade social. Apesar do comportamento de estabilização no país os resultados apontam para a necessidade de políticas sociais adequadas às especificidades dos estados e regiões.

Health characteristics of female victims of domestic violence housed in a state care shelter

The promotion of care for female victims of violence implies action that is not limited to combatting the problem, but also to the dimension of care provided to the victims. This study seeks to understand the sociodemographic and health characteristics of female victims of violence who are/have been under the protective custody of the state, before and after the Maria da Penha Law (MPL), and the healthcare offered to them. It is a cross-sectional, exploratory-descriptive documentary study, with a qualitative/quantitative approach, conducted in the second semester of 2013 in a special unit for the protection of female victims of violence in the State of Ceará. The sample was composed of 197 medical records of women attended between 2001 and 2012. Few changes occurred in the health profile of female victims of domestic violence sheltered by the State after the enactment of the MPL. Significant changes occurred in the pattern of care provided, such as increased investigation, promotion, and registration of health-related activities. The identification of the aftereffects of aggression per se is still scarce. A suggested addition would be the inclusion of a health professional in the staff at the shelters to meet this demand.

Completitude das notificações de violência perpetrada contra adolescentes em Pernambuco, Brasil

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a tendência da completitude dos dados de violência perpetrada contra adolescentes registrados em Pernambuco, em 2009-2012. Estudo transversal, com 5.259 adolescentes vítimas de violência notificadas no SINAN-VIVA da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco. Utilizou regressão linear simples para investigar a tendência de completitude das variáveis. Os percentuais de completitude foram considerados como variáveis dependentes (Y) e os anos da série, como independentes (X). Os resultados mostram um incremento significativo de 204% no número de notificações. Porém, das 34 variáveis analisadas, 27 (79,4%) apresentaram tendência Estacionária, 6 (17,6%) Decrescente e apenas uma (2,9%) Crescente. A completitude foi considerada ‘Muito Ruim’ para as variáveis: Escolaridade (47,3%), Complemento (21,3%), Hora da Ocorrência (38,0%) e Uso de Álcool Pelo Agressor (47,0%). Portanto, apesar do grande incremento no numero de notificações, a qualidade dos dados permaneceu comprometida, dificultando uma análise mais realista neste grupo.