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de Souza MF, Luna CBB, Siqueira DD, Bezerra EDOT, de Cerqueira GR, Araújo EM, Wellen RMR. Toward the Improvement of Maleic Anhydride Functionalization in Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB): Effect of Styrene Monomer and Sn(Oct) 2 Catalyst. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14409. [PMID: 37833855 PMCID: PMC10572386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was maleic anhydride (MA)-grafted in the molten state, using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a reaction initiator. Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) and styrene monomer (St.) were used to maximize the maleic anhydride grafting degree. When PHB was modified with MA/DCP and MA/DCP/Sn(Oct)2, viscosity was reduced, suggesting chain scission in relation to pure PHB. However, when the styrene monomer was added, the viscosity increased due to multiple grafts of MA and styrene into the PHB chain. In addition, the FTIR showed the formation of a new band at 1780 cm-1 and 704 cm-1, suggesting a multiphase copolymer PHB-g-(St-co-MA). The PHB (MA/DCP) system showed a grafting degree of 0.23%; however, the value increased to 0.39% with incorporating Sn(Oct)2. The highest grafting efficiency was for the PHB (MA/DCP/St.) system with a value of 0.91%, while the PHB (MA/DCP/St./Sn(Oct)2) hybrid mixture was reduced to 0.73%. The chemical modification process of PHB with maleic anhydride increased the thermal stability by about 20 °C compared with pure PHB. The incorporation of 0.5 phr of the Sn(Oct)2 catalyst increased the efficiency of the grafting degree in the PHB. However, the St./Sn(Oct)2 hybrid mixture caused a deleterious effect on the maleic anhydride grafting degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Ferreira de Souza
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (D.D.S.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (D.D.S.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Danilo Diniz Siqueira
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (D.D.S.); (E.M.A.)
| | | | - Grazielle Rozendo de Cerqueira
- Department of Materials Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Arquitetura-Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-540, PE, Brazil;
| | - Edcleide Maria Araújo
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (D.D.S.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Renate Maria Ramos Wellen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
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Šerá J, Huynh F, Ly F, Vinter Š, Kadlečková M, Krátká V, Máčalová D, Koutný M, Wallis C. Biodegradable Polyesters and Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene in Soil: Interrelations of Material Properties, Soil Organic Matter Substances, and Microbial Community. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15976. [PMID: 36555615 PMCID: PMC9788293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional and also biodegradable polymer microplastics have started to be broadly present in the environment, if they end up in soil, they may influence both abiotic and biotic soil properties. In this study, the interactions of polyethylene wax together with three biodegradable polyesters PLA, PHB and PBAT with a soil matrix were investigated over a 1-year incubation period. Soil organic matter content was measured using UV-VIS, the microbial biomass amount was measured using qPCR, the mineralisation of polymers was measured using UGA 3000, the surface of polymers was observed with SEM, live/dead microorganisms were determined by fluorescent microscopy and microbial consortia diversity was analyzed using NGS. The amount of humic substances was generally higher in incubations with slowly degrading polyesters, but the effect was temporary. The microbial biomass grew during the incubations; the addition of PHB enhanced fungal biomass whereas PE wax enhanced bacterial biomass. Fungal microbial consortia diversity was altered in incubations with PHB and PBAT. Interestingly, these two polyesters were also covered in biofilm, probably fungal. No such trend was observed in a metagenomic analysis of bacteria, although, bacterial biofilm was probably formed on the PE520 surface. Different methods confirmed the effect of certain polymers on the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Šerá
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Florence Huynh
- Polymateria Limited, Imperial College I-HUB, White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, UK
| | - Faith Ly
- Polymateria Limited, Imperial College I-HUB, White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, UK
| | - Štěpán Vinter
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kadlečková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Krátká
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Máčalová
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Koutný
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher Wallis
- Polymateria Limited, Imperial College I-HUB, White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, UK
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Botaro VR, de Freitas RRM, do Carmo KP, Raimundo IF. A simple and efficient technique to prepare aromatic polyhydroxibutirate/polybutylene adipate terephthalate blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Paula M, Diego I, Dionisio R, Vinhas G, Alves S. Gamma irradiation effects on polycaprolactone/zinc oxide nanocomposite films. POLIMEROS 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.04018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivo Diego
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil
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Daitx TS, Giovanela M, Carli LN, Mauler RS. Biodegradable polymer/clay systems for highly controlled release of NPK fertilizer. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tales S. Daitx
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giovanela
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias; Universidade de Caxias do Sul; Caxias do Sul Brazil
| | - Larissa N. Carli
- Campus Blumenau; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Blumenau Brazil
| | - Raquel S. Mauler
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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PBAT/organoclay composite films—part 2: effect of UV aging on permeability, mechanical properties and biodegradation. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Laycock B, Nikolić M, Colwell JM, Gauthier E, Halley P, Bottle S, George G. Lifetime prediction of biodegradable polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Souza G, Santos A, Vinhas G. Avaliação das propriedades da blenda de poli(3-hidroxibutirato)/quitosana após esterilização térmica ou radiolítica. POLIMEROS 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido filme de PHB/quitosana com aplicação promissora em embalagens de alimentos e medicamentos. Esses filmes foram preparados via casting solution e após esterilização térmica ou radiolítica suas propriedades foram avaliadas a partir da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, ensaio de tração, calorimetria exploratória diferencial e análise termogravimétrica. Foram constatadas alterações na morfologia dos filmes de PHB/quitosana após os processos de esterilização. As propriedades mecânicas da blenda se mantiveram aproximadamente constantes após esterilização térmica. Porém, após irradiação as blendas apresentaram-se quebradiças. As propriedades térmicas da blenda foram alteradas apenas para as doses de 50 e 75 kGy, em que foi observado uma redução no valor da entalpia de cristalização, grau de cristalinidade, cristalinidade relativa e taxa de cristalização da blenda. Foi observado que a degradação térmica dos filmes de PHB e das blendas, antes e após os processos de esterilização apresentaram um único estágio (250-300 °C).
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Dall’Agnol EC, Suave J, Meier MM, Soldi V, Silva DAK, Pezzin APT. Microencapsulação do pesticida cipermetrina em blendas de P(3HB/PCL): caracterização e ensaio de liberação in vitro. POLIMEROS 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo A aplicação de polímeros biodegradáveis para encapsular pesticidas é uma estratégia que permite, a partir de diferentes proporções entre os polímeros, modificar o perfil de liberação do agente. Este trabalho avaliou a liberação controlada do pesticida cipermetrina encapsulado em microesferas de blendas de P(3HB)/PCL (100/0, 0/100, 97/03, 95/05, 90/10, 80/20 e 70/30) obtidas pelo método de emulsificação-evaporação do solvente. As imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura revelam a forte influência da PCL na porosidade das microesferas. As análises de infravermelho mostraram a presença do pesticida em todas as composições de polímeros avaliadas. O ensaio de liberação de cipermetrina sugere que, no intervalo de 4 horas, o teor de cipermetrina liberada é dependente da composição das blendas utilizadas. As microesferas de PHB e blendas com menores teores de PCL, 97/03 e 95/05 liberaram 75% a 85% enquanto a composição 70/30 liberou 100% de cipermetrina.
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Šerá J, Stloukal P, Jančová P, Verney V, Pekařová S, Koutný M. Accelerated Biodegradation of Agriculture Film Based on Aromatic-Aliphatic Copolyester in Soil under Mesophilic Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5653-5661. [PMID: 27367168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted on the biodegradation of aromatic-aliphatic copolyester-based agricultural film in soil at 25 °C. The polymer is known to be biodegradable under composting conditions although rather recalcitrant under mesophilic conditions. The material investigated comprised of the copolyester filled with approximately 25% of starch containing biodegradable plasticizers, and its behavior was compared to the corresponding material without the filler. Mineralization followed by CO2 production merely reached the point of about 6% after 100 days of incubation in the pure copolyester film, whereas the value of around 53% was recorded for the filled copolyester film, which exceeded the readily biodegradable starch filler content in the material by more than 20% and could be accounted for biodegradation of the copolyester. It was suggested that the accelerated copolyester biodegradation in the starch-filled material was most likely explained by the increase in the active surface area of the material available for the microbial attack after biodegradation of the filler. The results were supported by changes in molecular weight distributions of the copolyester and observations made by several microscopic techniques. These findings encourage further development of biodegradable agricultural films based on this material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent Verney
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), UMR 6296, Blaise Pascal University , 63177 Aubière, France
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Madhu G, Bhunia H, Bajpai PK, Nando GB. Physico-mechanical properties and biodegradation of oxo-degradable HDPE/PLA blends. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x16010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Araújo RDJ, Conceição IDD, Carvalho LHD, Alves TS, Barbosa R. Influência da argila vermiculita brasileira na biodegradação de filmes de PHB. POLIMEROS 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo preparar e avaliar filmes PHB/vermiculita natural e modificada nas quantidades em peso de 1%, 3% e 6% através dos métodos intercalação por fusão e intercalação por solução. Os bionanocompósitos obtidos pelo método intercalação por fusão foram preparados em uma extrusora monorosca e posteriormente os filmes foram moldados via compressão. Na preparação dos filmes por solução, os sistemas foram submetidos à agitação e aquecimento a 80 °C. Os sistemas foram avaliados por difração de raios-X e o comportamento de biodegradação foi avaliado de acordo com a norma ASTM G 160-03. O acompanhamento da biodegradação foi realizado por meio de inspeção visual e perda de massa. Observou-se que o percentual de argila e o método de obtenção dos filmes influenciaram na estrutura formada e na biodegradação dos sistemas.
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Morais MGD, Stillings C, Dersch R, Rudisile M, Pranke P, Costa JAV, Wendorff J. Extraction of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from Spirulina LEB 18 for developing nanofibers. POLIMEROS 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pachekoski WM, Dalmolin C, Agnelli JAM. Blendas poliméricas biodegradáveis de PHB e PLA para fabricação de filmes. POLIMEROS 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O poli(hidroxibutirato) - PHB - e o poli(ácido lático) - PLA - são dois poliésteres termoplásticos com grande potencial para uso em aplicações industriais, sendo viáveis nos principais métodos de processamento e totalmente biodegradáveis. Porém, devido às suas propriedades mecânicas limitadas, necessitam de modificações para melhorar seu desempenho e tornarem-se industrialmente competitivos. Foram estudadas propriedades e características destes dois polímeros e suas misturas poliméricas, avaliando a possibilidade do uso na preparação de filmes finos por extrusão para embalagens. Verificou-se a possibilidade de produção de filmes finos de misturas PHB/PLA, através das técnicas de extrusão de filmes, planos e tubulares soprados. Porém, para viabilizar a produção industrial destes filmes, modificações devem ser realizadas no processo de produção e/ou no preparo da mistura polimérica através da aditivação, com o objetivo de reduzir a alta adesividade dos filmes durante o seu processamento.
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