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Guimarães LB, Wagner J, Akaboci TRV, Daudt GC, Nielsen PH, van Loosdrecht MCM, Weissbrodt DG, da Costa RHR. Elucidating performance failures in use of granular sludge for nutrient removal from domestic wastewater in a warm coastal climate region. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1896-1911. [PMID: 30465694 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1551938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of domestic wastewater and a coastal warm climate on granular sludge and biological nutrient removal were evaluated using a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The reactor operation employed two different operational strategies (OS) based on up-flow feeding regimes, defined as fast (OS1, flow rate = 18.0 L min-1 and flow velocity = 22.0 m h-1) and slow (OS2, flow rate = 3.5 L min-1 and flow velocity = 4.3 m h-1). Under slow feeding, larger (OS1: 290 µm; OS2: 450 µm) and faster settling granules were obtained (OS1: 109; OS2: 74 mL g-1 TSS). The slow feeding regime was also advantageous for the hydrolysis of particulate organic matter (OS1: 1.3; OS2: 3.1 g CODtot g-1 VSS d-1) and for phosphorus removal (OS1: <33%; OS2: >97.5%). Neither strategy resulted in substantial biomass accumulation in the reactor (OS1: 0.7; OS2: 1.5 g VSS L-1), and high concentrations of nitrite were observed in the effluent (9-27 mg [Formula: see text] L-1). Ordinary heterotrophic organisms dominated the granular sludge developed under both feeding regimes (OS1: 30% of Thauera; OS2: 56% of Comamonas), while polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) were only detected during OS2 (2.3-3.4% of total bacteria). A successful granular sludge process should be able to cope with high fluctuations in wastewater loads caused by rain events (82-182 mm month-1 in Florianopolis, Brazil). In order to achieve higher water quality, strategies identified for an efficient granular sludge SBR operation included (i) management of an anaerobic phase for PAO selection, and (ii) aeration control for successful nitrification/denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena B Guimarães
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Centre for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jamile Wagner
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago R V Akaboci
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gilberto C Daudt
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Centre for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - David G Weissbrodt
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Centre for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rejane H R da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Xu D, Li J, Liu J, Ma T. Rapid aerobic sludge granulation in an integrated oxidation ditch with two-zone clarifiers. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115704. [PMID: 32208174 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was rapidly cultivated in an integrated oxidation ditch with two-zone clarifiers by using a novel external sludge treatment and return mode to treat low concentrations of actual domestic sewage. The selective pressure created by the two-zone clarifiers can retain the well-settling granules and discharge light flocs with poor settleability. The granules stayed in the reactor, which induced bacterial attachment to the granules that acted as nuclei, while the discharged flocs can stimulate microorganisms to secrete large amounts of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under the external conditioning of CaCl2 and natural air drying. Then, this surplus sludge was returned to the reactor to create more small granules that combined with each other through the action of hydraulic shear forces to achieve rapid granulation. The results showed that AGS was formed successfully in the reactor on day 18, and after 51 days of continuous operation, the biomass concentration and settling ability were further improved (the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and sludge volume index at 5 min (SVI5) were stable at approximately 3500 mg/L and 40.0 mL/g, respectively). During the whole experimental period, the biological sludge activity was greatly improved, and the EPS and microbial community changed significantly, including an enrichment of microbes with EPS secretion and granule stabilization functions. The study results reveal that the pollutant removal efficiency improved after granulation. Furthermore, this approach required less energy and is eco-friendly for potential full-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; College of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tongji University Zhejiang College, Jiaxing, 314051, China
| | - Ting Ma
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Abouhend AS, McNair A, Kuo-Dahab WC, Watt C, Butler CS, Milferstedt K, Hamelin J, Seo J, Gikonyo GJ, El-Moselhy KM, Park C. The Oxygenic Photogranule Process for Aeration-Free Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3503-3511. [PMID: 29505719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the oxygenic photogranule (OPG) process, a light-driven process for wastewater treatment, developed based on photogranulation of filamentous cyanobacteria, nonphototrophic bacteria, and microalgae. Unlike other biogranular processes requiring airlift or upflow-based mixing, the OPG process was operated in stirred-tank reactors without aeration. Reactors were seeded with hydrostatically grown photogranules and operated in a sequencing-batch mode for five months to treat wastewater. The new reactor biomass propagated with progression of photogranulation under periodic light/dark cycles. Due to effective biomass separation from water, the system was operated with short settling time (10 min) with effective decoupling of hydraulic and solids retention times (0.75 d vs 21-42 d). During quasi-steady state, the diameter of the OPGs ranged between 0.1 and 4.5 mm. The reactors produced effluents with average total chemical oxygen demand less than 30 mg/L. Nitrogen removal (28-71%) was achieved by bioassimilation and nitrification/denitrification pathways. Oxygen needed for the oxidation of organic matter and nitrification was produced by OPGs at a rate of 12.6 ± 2.4 mg O2/g biomass-h. The OPG system presents a new biogranule process, which can potentially use simple mixing and natural light to treat wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abouhend
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Marine Pollution Laboratory , National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries , Hurghada 84511 , Egypt
| | - Adam McNair
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Wenye C Kuo-Dahab
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Christopher Watt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Caitlyn S Butler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Kim Milferstedt
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement , Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Narbonne F-11100 , France
| | - Jérôme Hamelin
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement , Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Narbonne F-11100 , France
| | - Jeongmi Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Department of Environmental Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 151-742 , South Korea
| | - Gitau J Gikonyo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Khalid M El-Moselhy
- Marine Pollution Laboratory , National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries , Hurghada 84511 , Egypt
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Effects of Inoculum Type and Aeration Flowrate on the Performance of Aerobic Granular SBRs. Processes (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/pr5030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sarma SJ, Tay JH, Chu A. Finding Knowledge Gaps in Aerobic Granulation Technology. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:66-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Simultaneous ammonium and nitrate removal by a modified intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with multiple filling events. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pjct-2016-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Optimized methods for simultaneous removal of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium are important features of nutrient removal. Nitrogen removal efficiency in an intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor (IA-SBR) with multiple filling events was studied. No external carbon source was added and three filling events were considered. Oxidationreduction potential (ORP) and pH curve at solids retention time (SRT) of 20 d were analyzed. Effects of three organic loading rates (OLR), 0.67, 1.0 and 1.5 kgCOD/m3d, and three nitrogen loading rates (NLR), 0.054, 0.1 and 0.15 kgN/m3d, on nitrogen removal were studied. Nitrate Apex in pH curve and Nitrate Knee in ORP profile indicated that the end of denitrification would be achieved sooner. The kinetic coefficients of endogenous decay (kd) and yield (Y) were identified to evaluate heterotrophic specific denitrification rate (SDNRb). In period 2 at NLR of 0.054 kgN/m3d and considering 2 anoxic and 3 aerobic phases, nitrogen removal efficiency was 91.43%.
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Phatak PS, Trivedi S, Garg A, Gupta SK, Mukherji S. Start-up of sequencing batch reactor with Thiosphaera pantotropha for treatment of high-strength nitrogenous wastewater and sludge characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20065-20080. [PMID: 26965273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment of high-strength nitrogenous wastewater is challenging due to low growth rate of autotrophic nitrifiers. This study reports bioaugmentation of Thiosphaera pantotropha capable of simultaneously performing heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SND) in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). SBRs fed with 1:1 organic-nitrogen (N) and NH4+-N were started up with activated sludge and T. pantotropha by gradual increase in N concentration. Sludge bulking problems initially observed could be overcome through improved aeration and mixing and change in carbon source. N removal decreased with increase in initial nitrogen concentration, and only 50-60 % removal could be achieved at the highest N concentration of 1000 mg L-1 at 12-h cycle time. SND accounted for 28 % nitrogen loss. Reducing the settling time to 5-10 min and addition of divalent metal ions gradually improved the settling characteristics of sludge. Sludge aggregates of 0.05-0.2 mm diameter, much smaller than typical aerobic granules, were formed and progressive increase in settling velocity, specific gravity, Ca2+, Mg2+, protein, and polysaccharides was observed over time. Granulation facilitated total nitrogen (TN) removal at a constant rate over the entire 12-h cycle and thus increased TN removal up to 70 %. Concentrations of NO2--N and NO3--N were consistently low indicating effective denitrification. Nitrogen removal was possibly limited by urea hydrolysis/nitrification. Presence of T. pantotropha in the SBRs was confirmed through biochemical tests and 16S rDNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita S Phatak
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Saurabh Trivedi
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anurag Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Sudhir K Gupta
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Suparna Mukherji
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Padovan RN, Azevedo EB. COMBINING A SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR WITH HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS (TiO2/UV) FOR TREATING A PENCIL MANUFACTURER'S WASTEWATER. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150321s00003103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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