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Gay IC, Tran DT, Paquette DW. Alcohol intake and periodontitis in adults aged ≥30 years: NHANES 2009-2012. J Periodontol 2019; 89:625-634. [PMID: 29572839 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether an association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis exists is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis. METHODS 7062 adults 30 years or older who participated in 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Alcohol consumption measurement included self-reported average number of alcoholic drinks per week over the previous 12 months and was categorized into four groups (0, < 1, 1- < 8, and ≥8 drinks per week). Participants were categorized using surveillance case definitions for periodontitis that included both clinical attachment level (CAL) and periodontal probing depth (PD) measurements. The association between alcohol consumption and chronic periodontitis was evaluated by multivariable regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, income-to-poverty ratio, smoking, self-rated overall oral health, and HbA1c . RESULTS The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having severe periodontitis was 1.9 (1.2-3) among participants who reported alcohol consumption of ≥8 drinks compared to participants consuming some alcohol but < 1 drink per week on average. Participants who consumed 1- < 8, and ≥8 drinks per week, on average, also had higher mean PD, percentage of sites with PD ≥4 mm, mean CAL, and percentage of sites with CAL ≥3 mm compared to participants reporting consumption of < 1 drink per week. Meanwhile, the odds of having periodontitis, mean PD, extent PD ≥4 mm, mean CAL, and extent CAL ≥3 mm were not significantly different for nondrinkers than for participants who consumed some alcohol but < 1 drink per week on average. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption was associated with an increase in the likelihood of having periodontitis, particularly severe periodontitis. Consumption of some alcohol, < 1 drink per week on average, was associated with similar odds of having periodontitis compared to consumption of no alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Gay
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Duong T Tran
- Research Administration Dental, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - David W Paquette
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
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Khan S, Khalid T, Awan KH. Chronic periodontitis and smoking. Prevalence and dose-response relationship. Saudi Med J 2016; 37:889-94. [PMID: 27464867 PMCID: PMC5018707 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.8.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and dose-response relationship of chronic periodontitis among smokers in Pakistan. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study among participants seeking dental care in Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 443 participants with a mean age of 44.3 (±6.5) participated in the study from April 2011 to December 2011. Males comprised 64.7%, and females comprised 35.2%. Participants were interviewed on social demographics and oral habits. Participants with shallow pockets (3.5-5.5 mm) and deep pockets (greater than 5.5 mm) were considered suffering from chronic periodontitis. The characteristics of participants were assessed using frequency distribution for categorical variables and mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables. RESULTS Among 443 participants, smokers were distributed as 55.1% and non-smokers as 44.9%. Smoking was found to be significantly related to young adults (p less than 0.007), male gender (p less than 0.001), and lower education level (p less than 0.01). Overall prevalence of chronic periodontitis among smokers was estimated at 81.6%. Heavy smoking was found to have significantly high prevalence (p less than 0.001) and severity (p less than 0.001) of periodontitis as compared with moderate and light smokers. The multivariate unadjusted model depicted 3.5 times higher risk of chronic periodontitis among smokers (p less than 0.001). CONCLUSION Chronic periodontitis had a high prevalence among smokers. Heavy smoking was found to have a higher risk for having periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrukh Khan
- Centre of Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia. E-mail.
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Wang J, Lv J, Wang W, Jiang X. Alcohol consumption and risk of periodontitis: a meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:572-83. [PMID: 27029013 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; the Medical College of Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Prevention; Qingdao Stomatological Hospital; Qingdao Shandong Province China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosal Diseases; Qingdao Stomatological Hospital; Qingdao Shandong Province China
| | - Xiubo Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; the Medical College of Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province China
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García-Pérez Á, Borges-Yáñez SA, Jiménez-Corona A, Jiménez-Corona ME, Ponce-de-León S. Self-report of gingival problems and periodontitis in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Chiapas, Mexico. Int Dent J 2016; 66:105-12. [PMID: 26800859 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of self-reported gingival and periodontal conditions and their association with smoking, oral hygiene, indigenous origin, diabetes and location (urban or rural) in indigenous and non-indigenous adults in Chiapas, Mexico. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1,749 persons, ≥20 years of age, living in four rural and four urban marginal localities in Comitán (Chiapas, México). The variables investigated were: age; sex; indigenous origin; oral hygiene; halitosis; chewing ability; gingival conditions; periodontitis; smoking; alcoholism; diabetes; and location. Bivariate analysis and a logistic regression model were used to identify the association of periodontitis with the independent variables. RESULTS In total, 762 (43.6%) indigenous and 987 (56.4%) non-indigenous persons were interviewed. Their mean age was 41 ± 14 years, 66.7% were women and 43.8% lived in rural locations. Gingival problems were reported by 68.5% and periodontitis by 8.7%. In total, 17.9% had used dental services during the previous year, 28.7% wore a removable partial or a complete dental prosthesis, 63.7% had lost at least one tooth, the prevalence of diabetes was 9.2% and the prevalence of smoking was 12.2%. The logistic regression model showed that age, diabetes and the interaction between rural location and indigenous origin were associated with the presence of periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Indigenous people living in rural areas are more likely to have periodontitis. It is necessary to promote oral health practices in indigenous and marginalised populations with a focus on community-oriented primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro García-Pérez
- Laboratorios de Biológicos y Reactivos de México, S.A. de C.V., BIRMEX, México D.F, México.,Departamento de Epidemiologia Ocular, Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, IAP, México D. F, México
| | - Socorro Aída Borges-Yáñez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F, México
| | - Aida Jiménez-Corona
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Ocular, Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, IAP, México D. F, México.,Dirección General Adjunta de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, México D. F, México.,Unidad de Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María Eugenia Jiménez-Corona
- Laboratorios de Biológicos y Reactivos de México, S.A. de C.V., BIRMEX, México D.F, México.,Dirección General Adjunta de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, México D. F, México
| | - Samuel Ponce-de-León
- Laboratorios de Biológicos y Reactivos de México, S.A. de C.V., BIRMEX, México D.F, México.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F, México
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Nociti FH, Casati MZ, Duarte PM. Current perspective of the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 67:187-210. [PMID: 25494601 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This literature review provides an overview of the current scenario regarding the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis; clinical, microbiological and immunological data from studies from our and other groups are presented. In general, preclinical and clinical data are unanimous in demonstrating that smokers present increased susceptibility, greater severity and faster progression of periodontal disease compared with nonsmokers. The evidence further demonstrates that smokers lose more teeth and have a less favorable response to therapy than do nonsmokers. Although it is well established that smoking significantly impacts on the onset, progression and outcome of periodontal disease, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. More importantly, some of the reported deleterious effects of smoking on periodontal tissues have been reported to be reversible upon participation in smoking-cessation programs. Therefore, clinicians should strongly advise smokers to enroll in cessation strategies, even temporarily, in order to improve the overall outcome.
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Medina-Solís CE, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Pérez-Campos E, Hernández-Cruz P, Ávila-Burgos L, Mendoza-Rodríguez M, Maupomé G. National survey of oral/dental conditions related to tobacco and alcohol use in Mexican adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:3169-84. [PMID: 24642844 PMCID: PMC3987028 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110303169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral diseases are a major burden on individuals and health systems. The aim of this study was to determine whether consumption of tobacco and alcohol were associated with the prevalence of oral/dental problems in Mexican adults. Using data from the National Performance Evaluation Survey 2003, a cross-sectional study part of the World Health Survey, dental information from a representative sample of Mexico (n = 22,229, N = 51,155,740) was used to document self-reported oral/dental problems in the 12 months prior to the survey. Questionnaires were used to collect information related to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and other risk factors. Three models were generated for each age group (18–30, 31–45 and 46–98 years). The prevalence of oral/dental conditions was 25.7%. Adjusting for sex, schooling, socioeconomic position, diabetes, and self-reported health, those who used tobacco (sometimes or daily) (OR = 1.15, p = 0.070; OR = 1.24, p < 0.01; and OR = 1.16, p < 0.05, for each age group respectively) or alcohol (moderate or high) (OR = 1.26, p < 0.001; OR = 1.18, p < 0.01 and OR = 1.30, p < 0.001, for each age group respectively) had a higher risk of reporting oral/dental problems. Because tobacco and alcohol use were associated with self-reported oral/dental problems in one out of four adults, it appears advisable to ascertain how direct is such link; more direct effects would lend greater weight to adopting measures to reduce consumption of tobacco and alcohol for the specific purpose of improving oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico.
| | - América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos
- Research Centre in Medical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University "Benito Juarez" of Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico.
| | - Pedro Hernández-Cruz
- Research Centre in Medical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University "Benito Juarez" of Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Ávila-Burgos
- Health Systems Research Centre, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico.
| | - Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- School of Dentistry, Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Sosa-Jurado F, Hernández-Galindo VL, Meléndez-Mena D, Mendoza-Torres MA, Martínez-Arroniz FJ, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Reyes-Leyva J, Santos-López G. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva of patients with active infection not associated with periodontal or liver disease severity. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:72. [PMID: 24512371 PMCID: PMC3925132 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mainly transmitted by parenteral route, being blood transfusion and intravenous drug use the most frequent risk factors. However, it has been suggested that there are other routes of transmission. There are several studies where HCV RNA has been detected in saliva of patients infected with HCV, and epidemiological studies have proposed the dental treatments as possible risk factors for HCV transmission. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of HCV RNA in saliva of patients with active infection and associating with periodontal or liver disease. METHODS Patients with quantifiable HCV-RNA in serum were enrolled in the study. Periodontal disease was assessed using the modified gingival index (MGI). Presence of dental plaque was assessed with the use of disclosing tablets. Patients were clinically and laboratory evaluated to identify the stage of liver disease, the HCV RNA was determinate in saliva by nested RT-PCR. To determine associations between different parameters univariate and multivariate analysis were used. RESULTS A total of 45 patients were included. Of these patients, 21 (46.6%) had hepatitis, 23 (51.1%) had cirrhosis and one patient (2.4%) presented hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Viral loads in serum ranged from 2.31-6.68 log IU/ml with a mean of 5.46 log IU/ml (95% CI 5.23-5.70). HCV RNA was positive in saliva of 29 patients (64.4%) and was not detected in 16 (35.6%). For univariate analysis three independent variables were associated with the detection of HCV-RNA in saliva: gender, viral load and dental plaque and multivariate analysis only one independent variable viral load >5.17 log IU/mL remained significantly associated with the detection of HCV in saliva (p = 0.0002). A statistical difference was observed when viral load was analyzed, log 5.85 IU/mL (95% CI 5.67-6.02) for patients with HCV in saliva vs. log 4.77 IU/mL (95% CI 4.35-5.19) for patients without HCV in saliva (p = 0.0001). The detection of HCV-RNA in saliva was more frequent in patients with relatively high serum viral loads. CONCLUSION HCV-RNA in saliva was associated with the level of serum viral load but not with periodontal or liver disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Sosa-Jurado
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Km 4.5 Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec, Metepec, Puebla CP 74360, México
| | - Verónica L Hernández-Galindo
- Maestría en Ciencias en Investigación Clínica, Escuela Superior de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Daniel Meléndez-Mena
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Especialidades, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Torres
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Especialidades, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Km 4.5 Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec, Metepec, Puebla CP 74360, México
| | - Julio Reyes-Leyva
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Km 4.5 Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec, Metepec, Puebla CP 74360, México
| | - Gerardo Santos-López
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Km 4.5 Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec, Metepec, Puebla CP 74360, México
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Minaya-Sánchez M, Medina-Solís CE, Vallejos-Sánchez AA, Marquez-Corona MDL, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Islas-Granillo H, Maupomé G. Gingival recession and associated factors in a homogeneous Mexican adult male population: a cross-sectional study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e807-13. [PMID: 22549678 PMCID: PMC3482526 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse variables are implicated in the pathogenesis of gingival recession; more detailed knowledge about the relationship between the clinical presentation of gingival recession and assorted risk indicators may lead to improved patient monitoring, early intervention, and subsequent prevention. The objective was to evaluate clinically gingival recession in a homogeneous Mexican adult male population and to determine the strength of association with related factors. METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried out in a largely homogeneous group in terms of ethnic background, socioeconomic status, gender, occupation, and medical/dental insurance, in Campeche, Mexico. Periodontal examinations were undertaken to determine diverse clinical dental variables. All periodontal clinical examinations were assessed using the Florida Probe System, a dental chair and one examiner. Questionnaires were used to collect diverse risk indicators. Statistical analyses were undertaken with negative binomial regression models. RESULTS The mean number of sites with gingival recession per subject was 6.73±5.81; the prevalence was 87.6%. In the negative binomial regression model we observed that for (i) each year of age, and (ii) each percentage unit of increase in sites with plaque, and (iii) with suppuration, mean sites with gingival recession increased 2.9%, 1.0% and 13.0%, respectively. Having a spouse was associated with gingival recession. CONCLUSIONS We observed association between gingival recession, and sociodemographic and clinical parameters. Patients need be educated about risk indicators for gingival recession as well as the preventive maneuvers that may be implemented to minimize its occurrence. The potential of improved oral self-care to prevent a largely benign condition such as gingival recession is important, given the associated disorders that may ensue root exposure, such as root caries and root hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Minaya-Sánchez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Automous University of Campeche, Privada de Altillo s/n entre Av. Central y Pedro Moreno, Colonia San José, CP, 24040, Campeche, Mexico
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Moedano DE, Irigoyen ME, Borges-Yáñez A, Flores-Sánchez I, Rotter RC. Osteoporosis, the risk of vertebral fracture, and periodontal disease in an elderly group in Mexico City. Gerodontology 2011; 28:19-27. [PMID: 19863666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to identify the possible association of osteoporosis, fracture risk and periodontitis, and consider the role of pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis and the periodontal condition. METHODS Patients aged 60 and older from the Mexican National Medical Science and Nutrition Institute Salvador Zubirán participated in the study. DXA was used to assess osteoporosis and risk of vertebral fracture. A modified version of the extent and severity index (ESI) was applied to evaluate periodontitis (cut-off point for attachment loss ≥ 4 mm) and all teeth were examined. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-six patients were examined, 88.6% were females, 47.0% had osteoporosis and 38.6% showed a high risk of fracture. The modified ESI was 5.13 mm (SD 1.4), 57.8% (SD 29.7). The model for periodontitis severity showed an association with oral hygiene (OR = 1.85) and use of osteoporosis medication (OR = 0.43). The model for the extent of periodontitis identified an association with smoking (OR = 2.37), osteoporosis (OR = 1.82) and osteoporosis medication (OR = 0.36). The model for tooth loss detected an association with fracture risk (OR = 3.02) and osteoporosis medication (OR = 0.33). CONCLUSION Periodontitis extent was associated with osteoporosis, and tooth loss with fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Moedano
- National Autonomous University of Mexico - School of Dentistry, Mexico city, Mexico
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10
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Confirmation of symmetrical distributions of clinical attachment loss and tooth loss in a homogeneous Mexican adult male population. J Dent Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1991-7902(10)60018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Silva-Boghossian CM, Luiz RR, Colombo APV. Periodontal Status, Sociodemographic, and Behavioral Indicators in Subjects Attending a Public Dental School in Brazil: Analysis of Clinical Attachment Loss. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1945-54. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liang S, Domon H, Hosur KB, Wang M, Hajishengallis G. Age-related alterations in innate immune receptor expression and ability of macrophages to respond to pathogen challenge in vitro. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:538-46. [PMID: 19559723 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of ageing in innate immunity is poorly understood. Studies in the mouse model have described altered innate immune functions in aged macrophages, although these were not generally linked to altered expression of receptors or regulatory molecules. Moreover, the influence of ageing in the expression of these molecules has not been systematically examined. We investigated age-dependent expression differences in selected Toll-like and other pattern-recognition receptors, receptors involved in inflammatory amplification, and in transmembrane and intracellular regulators of inflammatory signaling. Young and aged macrophages were examined under resting conditions or upon activation with Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen in periodontal disease, the prevalence and severity of which increase in old age. We detected a limited number of age-dependent alterations, involving both reduction and increase of immune activity. Interestingly, surface expression of receptors that amplify inflammation (C5a anaphylatoxin receptor and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells [TREM]-1) was elevated in aged macrophages. No significant age-dependent differences were observed regarding the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of P. gingivalis, consistent with lack of significant changes in phagocytic receptor expression and induction of antimicrobial molecules. Therefore, at least at the cellular level, certain aspects of innate immune function may not necessarily decline with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Periodontics/Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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