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Birnbaumer P, Traninger H, Sattler MC, Borenich A, Hofmann P. Pattern of the Heart Rate Performance Curve in Subjects with Beta-Blocker Treatment and Healthy Controls. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6030061. [PMID: 34287331 PMCID: PMC8293437 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1): Heart rate performance curve (HRPC) in incremental exercise was shown to be not uniform, causing false intensity estimation applying percentages of maximal heart rate (HRmax). HRPC variations are mediated by β-adrenergic receptor sensitivity. The aim was to study age and sex dependent differences in HRPC patterns in adults with β-blocker treatment (BB) and healthy controls (C). (2): A total of 535 (102 female) BB individuals were matched 1:1 for age and sex (male 59 ± 11 yrs, female 61 ± 11 yrs) in C. From the maximum incremental cycle ergometer exercise a first and second heart rate (HR) threshold (Th1 and Th2) was determined. Based on the degree of the deflection (kHR), HRPCs were categorized as regular (downward deflection (kHR > 0.1)) and non-regular (upward deflection (kHR < 0.1), linear time course). (3): Logistic regression analysis revealed a higher odds ratio to present a non-regular curve in BB compared to C (females showed three times higher odds). The odds for non-regular HRPC in BB versus C decreased with older age (OR interaction = 0.97, CI = 0.94-0.99). Maximal and submaximal performance and HR variables were significantly lower in BB (p < 0.05). %HRmax was significantly lower in BB versus C at Th2 (male: 77.2 ± 7.3% vs. 80.8 ± 5.0%; female: 79.2 ± 5.1% vs. 84.0 ± 4.3%). %Pmax at Th2 was similar in BB and C. (4): The HRPC pattern in incremental cycle ergometer exercise is different in individuals receiving β-blocker treatment compared to healthy individuals. The effects were also dependent on age and sex. Relative HR values at Th2 varied substantially depending on treatment. Thus, the percentage of Pmax seems to be a stable and independent indicator for exercise intensity prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Birnbaumer
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.B.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Heimo Traninger
- ZARG Centre for Outpatient Rehabilitation, 8021 Graz, Austria;
| | - Matteo C. Sattler
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.B.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Andrea Borenich
- Department of Production and Operations Management, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.B.); (M.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-380-3903
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Frazão M, Silva PE, Cacau LDAP, Petrucci TR, Assis MC, Santos ADC, Brasileiro-Santos MDS. EMG breakpoints for detecting anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point in recovered COVID-19 patients. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 59:102567. [PMID: 34174508 PMCID: PMC8186128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A huge number of COVID-19 patients should be referred to rehabilitation programmes. Individualizing the exercise intensity by metabolic response provide good physiological results. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of EMG as a non-invasive determinant of the anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point, for more precise exercise intensity prescription. Methods An observational cross-sectional study with 66 recovered COVID-19 patients was carried out. The patients underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test with simultaneous assessment of muscle electromyography in vastus lateralis. EMG breakpoints were analyzed during the ramp-up protocol. The first and second EMG breakpoints were used for anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point determination. Results EMG and gas exchange analysis presented strong correlation in anaerobic threshold (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001) and respiratory compensation point detection (r = 0.99, p < 0.0001) detection. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a bias = −4.7 W (SD = 6.2 W, limits of agreement = −16.9 to 7.6) for anaerobic threshold detection in EMG compared to gas exchange analysis. In respiratory compensation point detection, Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a bias = -2.1 W (SD = 4.5 W, limits of agreement = −10.9 to 6.6) in EMG compared to gas exchange analysis. EMG demonstrated a small effect size compared to gas exchange analysis in oxygen uptake and power output at anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point detection. Conclusions EMG analysis detects anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point without clinical significant difference than gas exchange analysis (gold standard method) in recovered COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murillo Frazão
- Laboratory of Physical Training Studies Applied to Health, Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Associate Graduate Programme in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, PB, Brazil; Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, UFPB, PB, Brazil; CLINAR - Exercise Physiology, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Eugênio Silva
- Clinical Physiology and Technological Innovation FICTI-CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariela Cometki Assis
- Intervent - Infectology and Phyiotherapy, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Unimed, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Amilton da Cruz Santos
- Laboratory of Physical Training Studies Applied to Health, Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Associate Graduate Programme in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, PB, Brazil
| | - Maria do Socorro Brasileiro-Santos
- Laboratory of Physical Training Studies Applied to Health, Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Associate Graduate Programme in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, PB, Brazil
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Nishijima H, Kominami K, Kondo K, Akino M, Sakurai M. New method for the mathematical derivation of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold: a retrospective study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:10. [PMID: 31285827 PMCID: PMC6592010 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) is a useful submaximal measure of exercise tolerance; however, it must be visually determined. We developed a new mathematical method to objectively determine VAT. Methods We employed two retrospective population data sets (A/B). Data A (from 128 healthy subjects, patients with cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiac subjects at institution A, who underwent symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing) were used to develop the method. Data B (from 163 cardiac patients at institution B, who underwent pre−/post-rehabilitation submaximal exercise testing) were used to apply the developed method. VAT (by V-slope) was visually determined (vVAT), assuming that the pre-VAT segment is parallel to the respiratory exchange ratio (R) = 1 line. Results First, from data A, exponential fitting of ramp V-slope data yielded the equation y = bax, where a is the slope of the exponential function: a smaller value signified a less steep curve, representing less VCO2 against VO2. Next, a tangential line parallel to R = 1 was drawn. The x-axis value of the contact point was the derived VAT, termed the expVAT (VCO2) (calculated as LN (1/[b*LN(a)]/LN(a). This point represents an instantaneous ΔVCO2/ΔVO2 of 1.0. Second, in a similar way, the relation of VO2 vs. VE (minute ventilation) was fitted exponentially. The tangent line that crosses zero was drawn and the x-axis value was termed expVAT (VE) (calculated as 1/LN(a). For data A, the correlation coefficients (r) of vVAT versus VAT (CO2), and VAT (VE) were 0.924 and 0.903, respectively (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between mean values with the limits of agreement (1.96*SD of the pair difference) being ±276 and ± 278 mL/min, respectively. expVAT (VCO2) and expVAT (VE) significantly correlated with VO2peak (r = 0.971, r = 0.935, p < 0.001). For data B, after cardiac rehabilitation, expVAT (CO2) and exp. (VE) (mL/min) increased from 641 ± 185 to 685 ± 201 and from 696 ± 182 to 727 ± 209, respectively (p < 0.001, p < 0.008), while vVAT increased from 673 ± 191 to 734 ± 226 (p < 0.001). During submaximal testing, expVAT (VCO2) underestimated VAT, whereas expVAT (VE) did not. Conclusions Two new mathematically-derived estimates to determine VAT are promising because they yielded an objective VAT that significantly correlated with VO2peak, and detected training effect as well as visual VAT did. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13102-019-0122-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Nishijima
- Cardiology, Sapporo Ryokuai Hospital, 6-30 Kitanao 1-1, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo, 004-0861 Japan.,Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sapporo Ryokuai Hospital, 6-30 Kitano 1-1, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo, 004-0861 Japan.,3Cardiac Rehabilitation, Hokko Memorial Hospital, 1-6 Kita-27 Higashi-8, Higashiku, Sapporo, 065-0027 Japan.,4Cardiology, Hokko Memorial Hospital, 1-6 Kita-27 Higashi-8, Higashiku, Sapporo, 065-0027 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kominami
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sapporo Ryokuai Hospital, 6-30 Kitano 1-1, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo, 004-0861 Japan
| | - Kazuo Kondo
- 3Cardiac Rehabilitation, Hokko Memorial Hospital, 1-6 Kita-27 Higashi-8, Higashiku, Sapporo, 065-0027 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Akino
- Cardiology, Sapporo Ryokuai Hospital, 6-30 Kitanao 1-1, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo, 004-0861 Japan.,Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sapporo Ryokuai Hospital, 6-30 Kitano 1-1, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo, 004-0861 Japan
| | - Masayuki Sakurai
- 4Cardiology, Hokko Memorial Hospital, 1-6 Kita-27 Higashi-8, Higashiku, Sapporo, 065-0027 Japan
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Andrade CP, Zamunér AR, Forti M, Tamburús NY, Silva E. Effects of aquatic training and detraining on women with fibromyalgia: controlled randomized clinical trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2019; 55:79-88. [DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.18.05041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tamburus NY, Verlengia R, Kunz VC, César MC, Silva E. Apolipoprotein B and angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms and aerobic interval training: randomized controlled trial in coronary artery disease patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6944. [PMID: 29846435 PMCID: PMC5999065 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20186944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical training has been strongly recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic polymorphisms have been studied to understand the biological variability in response to exercise among individuals. This study aimed to verify the possible influence of apolipoprotein B (ApoB: rs1042031 and rs693) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-ID: rs1799752) genotypes on the lipid profile and functional aerobic capacity, respectively, after an aerobic interval training (AIT) program in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors. Sixty-six men were randomized and assigned to trained group (n=32) or control group (n=34). Cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed to determine the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) from cardiorespiratory variables. The AIT program, at an intensity equivalent to %VAT (70-110%), was conducted three times a week for 16 weeks. ApoB gene polymorphisms (-12669C>T (rs1042031) and -7673G>A (rs693)) were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene (rs1799752) was identified through PCR and fragment size analysis. After 16 weeks, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels increased in the trained and control groups with the GA+AA genotype (-7673G>A) of the ApoB gene. Trained groups with ACE-II and ACE-ID genotypes presented an increase in oxygen consumption (VO2VAT) and power output after the AIT program. The presence of the ACE I-allele was associated with increased aerobic functional capacity after the AIT program. Increased LDL levels were observed over time in patients with the -7673G>A polymorphism of the ApoB gene. Trial Registration Information: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02313831.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Tamburus
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R Verlengia
- Laboratório de Performance Humana, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - V C Kunz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - M C César
- Laboratório de Performance Humana, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - E Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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Andrade CP, Zamunér AR, Forti M, França TFD, Silva ED. The Borg CR-10 scale is suitable to quantify aerobic exercise intensity in women with fibromyalgia syndrome. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/16558824032017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Patients with Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) report higher ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) compared to healthy individuals for the same exercise intensity; however, to our knowledge, no studies have evaluated RPE at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) for this population. This study aimed to assess RPE using the Borg CR-10 scale during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in women with FMS. Twenty-four women with FMS and twenty healthy control subjects (HC) voluntarily participated in this study. Near the end of every 1-minute period during CPET, subjects were asked to report their RPE for fatigue in the lower limbs (RPE-L) and dyspnea (RPE-D), respectively, according to the Borg CR-10 scale. FMS subjects showed higher RPE-L and RPE-D compared to HC subjects at free wheel and at the first load increment. However, no significant difference was observed between groups for power output. There was no significant difference between groups for RPE-L and RPE-D reported at VAT and peak CPET. However, FMS subjects showed lower power output compared to HC subjects. The present results showed that FMS subjects present higher RPE compared to HC subjects. However, RPE reported at VAT and at peak CPET was not different between groups. The Borg CR-10 scale scores obtained at VAT can be used as an additional parameter for prescribing exercise intensity in aerobic training protocols for women with FMS.
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Tamburus NY, Paula RFL, Kunz VC, César MC, Moreno MA, da Silva E. Interval training based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold increases cardiac vagal modulation and decreases high-sensitivity c-reative protein: randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease. Braz J Phys Ther 2015; 19:441-50. [PMID: 26647745 PMCID: PMC4668337 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity are involved in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise training has been shown to confer a cardiovascular benefit. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects that interval training (IT) based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) has on heart rate variability (HRV) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, as well as the relationship between both levels, in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors (RF). METHOD Forty-two men (aged 57.88±6.20 years) were divided into two training groups, CAD-T (n= 12) and RF-T (n= 10), and two control groups, CAD-C (n= 10) and RF-C (n=10). Heart rate and RR intervals in the supine position, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and hs-CRP levels were measured before and after IT. HRV was analyzed by spectral and symbolic analysis. The CAD-T and RF-T underwent a 16-week IT program of three weekly sessions at training intensities based on the VAT. RESULTS In the RF-T, cardiac sympathetic modulation index and hs-CRP decreased (p<0.02), while cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased (p<0.02). In the CAD-T, cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased, while hs-CRP, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures decreased (p<0.02). Both control groups showed increase in hs-CRP parameters (p<0.02). There was a strong and significant association between parasympathetic and sympathetic modulations with hs-CRP. CONCLUSION The IT program based on the VAT promoted a decrease in hs-CRP associated with improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Y Tamburus
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta F L Paula
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vandeni C Kunz
- Centro Universitário Adventista, Engenheiro Coelho, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C César
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, UNIMEP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlene A Moreno
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ester da Silva
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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