[Situational analysis of the pre-hospital health services for attending accidents and violence against the elderly in Curitiba (PR, Brazil)]

How is Integration Defined and Measured, and what Factors Drive Success in Brazil? An Integrative Review

Introduction

Integration in health and care can improve quality and outcomes, but it is challenged by expansion of medical knowledge, social pressures on patient needs, and demands to deliver critical information. In Latin American and in other lower and middle-income countries integrated care remains in development. This paper examined the available literature on integrated care to understand how Latin American countries identify and measure integration, and what factors influence success.

Methods

This integrative literature review included systematic searches in Global Health, PubMed, SciELO and BVSPsi databases for articles on integrated care in Spanish, Portuguese, and English in the period from January of 1999 to December 2020. The articles were screened for selection and assessed independently by five reviewers that used the inclusion criteria of papers about integration in health care systems. The sample excluded articles that did not deal with the integration of health care, which addressed issues related to public health campaigns, programs to control endemics and epidemics, reports on the experience of implementing health services, health promotion guidelines, food safety, oral health, and books evaluation.

Results

24 articles were included: qualitative (75%), quantitative (12,5%), and mixed-method research (4%) published between 2000 and 2017. All studies were undertaken in Brazil, and two of them were also conducted in Latin American countries. In 15 articles there was an interchangeable use between concepts of integration of services and integrated care, while nine studies did not define integration. Barriers to integration included absence of shared understanding of knowledge among members of interprofessional teams, lack of clarity on professional roles, missing consensus on a definition and measurement of integrated care, power struggles between professionals, poor institutional support, insufficient team preparation and training and unequal valuation of professions by society.

Conclusion

Several types of integration and factors contributing to the success of implementation of integrated care in various contexts in Brazil were identified. The concept of integration reflected the varied local and regional realities including different health settings and levels of health and care, suggesting a need for further clarifications on its objective and components especially in LMIC contexts.

Lesiones graves y moderadas por accidentes de tránsito en mayores de 60 años. Medellín, Colombia

Introducción. Cada día, 3 400 personas mueren en el mundo por un accidente de tránsito (AT); miles sufren lesiones o adquieren una discapacidad cada año por la misma causa. En Colombia, en 2016 se registró una tasa de 92.8 heridos y 14.9 muertes por cada 100 000 habitantes.Objetivo. Describir las características de los AT y el entorno de su atención en mayores de 60 años con lesiones moderadas o graves en Medellín, Colombia, durante el periodo 2015-2016.Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de las características de personas mayores de 60 años con lesiones moderadas y graves después de un AT.Resultados. Se evaluaron 247 personas, 93.1% con lesiones moderadas; el 94.1% de las lesiones graves ocurrieron cuando se atropelló un peatón. En 60.7% de los AT una moto estuvo involucrada. El puntaje global del WHODAS-II fue de 40.6 y los dominios de funcionamiento más afectados fueron actividades domésticas, actividades fuera de la casa y movilidad; en cuanto a la calidad de vida, se afectó la función física, el desempeño físico y el cambio en salud.Conclusión. Los mayores de 60 años con lesiones por AT fueron, en su mayoría, peatones atropellados por motocicletas. El AT afectó la calidad de vida y el funcionamiento de los pacientes.

Perfil da violência contra a pessoa idosa na cidade do Recife-PE

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil da violência contra a pessoa idosa na cidade do Recife-PE. METODOLOGIA: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, realizado no período de 2009-2012 na cidade do Recife-PE. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema VIVA, que faz parte do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan-Net); as variáveis foram apresentadas conforme a Ficha de Notificação/Investigação Individual de Violência Doméstica, Sexual e/ou Outras Violências. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 242 casos; a maior parte das vítimas era do sexo feminino (59,00%), tendo como agressor predominantemente o filho do sexo masculino. A violência física foi a forma de agressão mais observada (44,96%), ocorrida, principalmente, nas residências (47,52%). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se incremento na notificação de casos de violência contra a pessoa idosa; o perfil epidemiológico mais frequente dessa violência na cidade do Recife é semelhante ao apresentado pela literatura, em que as vítimas são do sexo feminino, pardas e sofreram violência física em sua residência perpetrada pelo filho do sexo masculino. Espera-se, com este estudo, auxiliar a construção de uma rede de proteção que impacte positivamente na redução dos casos de violência contra a pessoa idosa.

[Violence against the elderly: analysis of the reports made in the health sector--Brazil, 2010]

The scope of this study was to describe reports of violence against the elderly (e" 60 years) reported in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases - net version (Sinan Net) in 2010. We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study with data analyzed by Stata version 11. We estimated proportion ratios (PR) of violence according to selected variables. Of the 3,593 reports of violence against the elderly, 52.3% were against females. Physical violence was significantly more frequent against males (PR=0.82) in the group aged 60 to 69 years, out of the home, committed by offenders who were not sons and were suspected of drinking alcohol. Psychological violence was more common among elderly people (PR=2.17), in the home, inflicted by sons, with suspected chronic alcohol abuse. Negligence was predominant among females (P R=1.24), in the group above 70 years of age, in the home, recurrently perpetrated by sons. Sexual violence was more common against females (PR=5.21), by offenders who were not children, but who consumed alcohol. The knowledge of the different manifestations of violence against the elderly supports actions to combat them, identifying characteristics of vulnerability in which support networks may intervene.

Comparison between two mobile pre-hospital care services for trauma patients

Objectives

Pre-hospital care (PH) in Brazil is currently in the phase of implementation and expansion, and there are few studies on the impacts of this public health service. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of care and severity of trauma among the population served, using trauma scores, attendance response times, and mortality rates. This work compares two pre-hospital systems: the Mobile Emergency Care Service, or SAMU 192, and the Fire Brigade Group, or CB.

Method

Descriptive study evaluating all patients transported by both systems in Catanduva, SP, admitted to a single hospital.

Results

850 patients were included, most of whom were men (67.5%); the mean age was 38.5 ± 18.5 years. Regarding the use of PH systems, most patients were transported by SAMU (62.1%). The trauma mechanisms involved motorcycle accidents in 32.7% of cases, transferred predominantly by SAMU, followed by falls (25.8%). Regarding the response time, CB showed the lowest rates. In relation to patient outcome, only 15.5% required hospitalization. The average score on the Glasgow Coma Scale was 14.7 ± 1.3; average RTS was 7.7 ± 0.7; ISS 3.8 ± 5.9; and average TRISS 97.6 ± 9.3. The data analysis showed no statistical differences in mortality between the groups studied (SAMU - 1.5%; CB - 2.5%). The trauma scores showed a higher severity of trauma among the fatal victims.

Conclusion

Trauma victims are predominantly young and male; the trauma mechanism that accounted for the majority of PH cases was motorcycle accidents; CB responded more quickly than SAMU; and there was no statistical difference between the services of SAMU and CB in terms of severity of the trauma and mortality rates.