Avaliação da qualidade da atenção à saúde de adolescentes no pré-natal e puerpério

Quality assessment of prenatal and puerperium care

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate prenatal and puerperium care levels received and identify their association with sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2020 and included women who gave birth at the Municipal Hospital of Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews and review of portfolios and medical records. The variables extracted from the prenatal protocols of Paraná and the Ministry of Health were grouped into five compliance indices: CI1 - clinical examination; CI2 - health education; CI3 - queries; CI4 - examinations and vaccines; and CI5 - postpartum appointments. Prenatal care was considered adequate when 80% or more adequacy was obtained.

RESULTS

A total of 307 women participated in this study. Prenatal compliance was 16.6% considering the entire set of variables. The best performance was for CI4 (54.7%) and the worst for CI5 (13.3%). The lowest adequacy occurred among single women (10.9%) compared to those who lived with a partner (19.9%) (p=0.043) and among women with black/brown skin color (9.5%) compared to those with white/yellow skin color (20.3%) (p=0.016).

CONCLUSION

Most women did not receive adequate care, with those in situations of greater social vulnerability received worse quality care.

Avaliação de programas de atenção pósparto no Brasil: perfil bibliométrico da produção científica (2000-2019)

RESUMO A assistência puerperal constitui um componente da atenção à saúde das mulheres, contemplado em programas desenvolvidos no Brasil, que visam à melhoria dos indicadores de saúde materno-infantil. O estudo objetivou analisar o estado da arte dos estudos avaliativos sobre programas relacionados à atenção puerperal no Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2019. A pesquisa limitou-se à identificação e análise de artigos publicados em periódicos revisados por pares. A revisão foi realizada a partir de pesquisa dos descritores Avaliação, Programas e pós-parto nos portais da BVS, SciELO e Scopus, complementada pela verificação das referências citadas nos artigos para inclusão de estudos pertinentes. Ao total, foram identificados 42 artigos, os quais foram analisados segundo critérios previamente estabelecidos. Os resultados do perfil bibliométrico da produção intelectual identificaram: ausência de autores/centros de pesquisa especializados na interface Avaliação e Programas de atenção pós-parto, disparidades regionais na produção do conhecimento, maior quantidade de artigos sobre o Programa de Humanização no Pré-Natal e Nascimento e a Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança, escassa utilização de referências teórico-metodológicas da área de avaliação. A discussão realizada procura contextualizar a produção científica analisada em relação à constituição do espaço da avaliação em saúde no Brasil.

Congenital Syphilis as a Measure of Maternal and Child Healthcare, Brazil

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that has direct adverse effects on maternal and infant health through vertical Treponema pallidum transmission during early pregnancy. We evaluated congenital syphilis as a predictor of the quality of basic maternal and child healthcare in Brazil during 2010–2015. We investigated case rates and correlations with epidemiologic and socioeconomic indicators. We observed rising congenital syphilis incidence rates and increasing syphilis-associated perinatal and infant mortality rates in all regions. Case rates were highest in the Northeast, Southeast, and South, and congenital syphilis infant mortality rates were highest in the Northeast and Southeast. We observed correlations between congenital syphilis rates and infant death, spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), and stillbirth rates. We also noted correlations between rates of stillbirth caused by syphilis and inadequate prenatal care. Our study suggests gaps in basic healthcare for pregnant women and indicates the urgent need for measures to increase early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Ações do programa de puerpério na atenção primária: uma revisão integrativa

Resumo O puerpério trata-se de um período de significativa morbimortalidade para as mulheres, e a Atenção Primária à saúde (APS) é importante no desenvolvimento de ações para atender as necessidades de saúde das mulheres. Objetivou-se sistematizar o conhecimento produzido sobre as ações de programas de atenção pós-parto no âmbito da APS, tanto em nível nacional, como internacional. Utilizou-se revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos junto às bases Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), BDENF (Base de dados em Enfermagem), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) e PubMed (Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos). A busca ocorreu de abril a maio de 2017. Atenderam aos critérios de seleção 43 artigos. Os resultados apontam que: a APS possui estrutura física para atenção à puérpera, porém com déficit em recursos humanos e materiais; há baixa cobertura de consulta pós-parto e visita domiciliar; boa avaliação do incentivo ao aleitamento materno, porém com foco na criança; rastreamento da Depressão Pós-Parto internacionalmente por meio da “Edimburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale”, e déficit na atenção a esse agravo no Brasil. A atenção pós-parto ainda tem como foco o cuidado ao recém-nascido e são restritos, em sua maioria, ao puerpério imediato e tardio.

Concordance between intention to use and current use of contraceptives among six-month postpartum women in Brazil: The role of unplanned pregnancy

OBJECTIVE

to examine the effect of pregnancy planning status in the concordance between intention to use and current use of contraceptives among postpartum women.

DESIGN AND SETTING

a prospective study was conducted in 12 primary health care facilities in São Paulo, Brazil, from November 2013 to September 2014.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 264 woman aged 15-44 years old completed a face-to-face interview when they were pregnant (baseline), and were interviewed by phone at 6 months postpartum.

MEASUREMENTS

At baseline, participants were questioned about the contraceptive method they would prefer to be using at 6 months postpartum. At 6 months postpartum, they answered about the contraceptive method they were currently using. Pregnancy planning status was measured using the Brazilian Portuguese London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy. We conducted logistic regression, considering contraceptive preference-use concordance as the dependent variable and the main covariate as pregnancy planning status.

FINDINGS

Only 28.9% of postpartum women were using the method they preferred to use when they were pregnant. The agreement between preference and contraceptive use was higher for injectables (60.9%) and lowest for IUD, as nobody who preferred it was actually using it. Women who were not sure about what method they intended to use after childbirth more frequently reported no use at six months postpartum. Multivariate logistic regression showed that postpartum women whose pregnancy was unplanned were less likely to use the contraceptive methods that they intended to use when they were pregnant [aOR=0.36; 95%CI=0.14-0.97].

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Brazilian women were able to access contraceptives in the postpartum period. However, there is a considerable discordance between their contraceptive intention to use and use at the sixth postpartum month. A higher unmet demand for IUD and sterilization should be highlighted. The pregnancy planning status is associated to postpartum contraceptive preference-use concordance, so interventions before pregnancy may affect postpartum contraceptive use. Women with unintended pregnancies present an important opportunity to offer additional family planning counseling.