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Caryocar brasiliense peel ethanolic extract has neuroprotective potential and reduces the activation of ERK1/2 in the ischemia and reperfusion brain acute phase in the rat. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106945. [PMID: 36669374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury results in cell death by necrosis or apoptosis and triggers the activation of different intracellular pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein activated kinases. Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) peel, residue of a fruit from Brazilian savannah-like vegetation, has phenolic compounds that have been demonstrated to have antioxidant effects in vitro. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of C. brasiliense peel ethanolic extract (CBPE) against transient global I/R injury in the rat brain. Global ischemia for 5, 20, and 45 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion caused a significant time-dependent increase in the number of ischemic neurons (p ≤ 0.05); increased immunoreactivity of cleaved caspase-3 (CASP3); and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Pretreatment with CBPE (600 mg/kg, oral) or vitamin E (0.6 mg, oral) for 30 days showed significant protection against acute brain injury induced by 20 and 45 min or 5 min of ischemia, respectively, by reducing the cortical ischemic neuron count (p ≤ 0.05) and p-ERK1/2 immunoreactivity. In addition, active c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) immunoreactivity was reduced in animals not subjected to ischemia. Therefore, we suggest an association between vitamin E and CBPE, which may generate a better neuroprotective response. Interestingly, mainly in the hippocampus and oligodendrocytes, high dose CBPE increase the number of isquemic neurons and of CASP3 immunoreactive cells in animals subjected or not to ischemia, which was not verified in the vitamin E group. Therefore, additional studies are recommended to verify the safety of the continuous use of CBPE.
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Leite GLD, Veloso RVS, Soares MA, Silva LF, Guanãbens PFS, Munhoz EJM, Pereira WR, Silva RS, Fernandes GW, Zanuncio JC. Changes in galling insect community on Caryocar brasiliense trees mediated by soil chemical and physical attributes. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e261227. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The nutrient stress hypothesis predicts that galling insects prevail on host plants growing in habitats with soils of low nutritional quality. Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) is host to four different leaf-galling insects. These insects have the potential to cause a reduction in the production of C. brasiliense fruits, an important source of income for many communities in Brazil. We studied the effects of soil physical and chemical characteristics on the abundance, species richness, and diversity of galling insects and their natural enemies on C. brasiliense trees growing under three different soil conditions. Our data corroborate the hypothesis that in nutritionally poor (e.g., lower phosphorus content) and worse physical textures (e.g., sandy) soils, host plants support higher species richness and diversity of galling insects. However, the abundance of Eurytoma sp. (the most common gall in C. brasiliense), was correlated with a higher phosphorus concentration in the soil (better nutritional condition). The percentage of galled leaflets and the area of leaflets occupied by Eurytoma sp galls were higher in the more fertile soil. In this soil, there was greater abundance, species richness, and diversity of parasitoids of Eurytoma sp. (e.g., Sycophila sp.) and predators (e.g., Zelus armillatus). Our data indicate the importance of habitat quality in the composition of the galling insect community and the impact of soil properties in mediating the distribution of these insects in C. brasiliense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. V. S. Veloso
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - M. A. Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - L. F. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - P. F. S. Guanãbens
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | - R. S. Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
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de Santana Magalhães F, de Souza Martins Sá M, Luiz Cardoso V, Hespanhol Miranda Reis M. Recovery of phenolic compounds from pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) fruit extract by membrane filtrations: Comparison of direct and sequential processes. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Crude Extracts and Fractions of Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.), Cajui (Anacardium microcarpum), and Pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense C.): A Systematic Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3753562. [PMID: 29849888 PMCID: PMC5932493 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3753562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The accentuated increase in the use of medicinal plants by the population to treat diseases makes it necessary to carry out pharmacological studies in order to contribute to the scientific knowledge and clarify the mechanisms involved in the main compounds present in these plants. Due to the difficulty of combating antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, plants become a low-cost and effective alternative. The stem, fruit, and leaves of plants are used to measure antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity and to combat the oxidative degradation of free radicals produced in the presence of xenobiotics. A systematic review is a powerful tool that incorporates the variability among the studies, providing an overall estimate of the use of plant extracts as antioxidants and antimicrobial activities. In view of the controversies in the literature regarding the use of compounds from plants or the isolation and purification of the main substances for the prevention of bacterial various therapeutic actions, the aim of this was to present a systematic review on the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale), cajui (Anacardium microcarpum), and pequi (Caryocar brasiliense). The following databases were analyzed: PubMed/Medline, Virtual Health Library (LILACS and SciELO), and Science Direct. Out of 425 articles, 33 articles have been used in this study, which were also represented in the Prisma Statement. In vitro antioxidant tests were conducted in 28 studies using different methodologies. Most of the tests involving the studied species demonstrated positive antioxidant potential and antimicrobial properties. The results provide important data and perspectives into the use of natural products that can contribute to the treatment of various diseases.
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Architectural diversity and galling insects on Caryocar brasiliense trees. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16677. [PMID: 29192234 PMCID: PMC5709441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galling insects are a highly sophisticated herbivore group on Caryocar brasiliense, a tree that represents the main income source for many communities. The effect of architectural diversity of C. brasiliense trees on galling insect community diversity and abundance was studied. The abundance of adult insects and galled leaves were seven and 1.6 times higher in trees with a greater height/width of canopy (RHW) ratio, respectively. Gall parasitoid richness was 1.8 times greater on trees with higher RHW. Zelus armillatus (Lepeletier & Serville) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and ant numbers were 5.8 and 2.7 higher on trees with the largest and smallest RHW, respectively. More complex plant architectures favored species diversity for galling insects and their natural enemies. The competition among four galling insect species for space and feeding and the evidence of “prudence strategy” were, for the first time, observed for galling insects in the Brazilian Cerrado biome.
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Traesel GK, de Araújo FHS, Castro LHA, de Lima FF, Menegati SELT, Justi PN, Kassuya CAL, Cardoso CAL, Argandoña EJS, Oesterreich SA. Safety Assessment of Oil from Pequi (Caryocar brasilienseCamb.): Evaluation of the Potential Genotoxic and Clastogenic Effects. J Med Food 2017; 20:804-811. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giseli Karenina Traesel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Priscilla Narciso Justi
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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de Andrade Silva CA, Fonseca GG. Brazilian savannah fruits: Characteristics, properties, and potential applications. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1225-1232. [PMID: 30263399 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian savannah is the second largest biome of the country, and it displays great biodiversity. The fruits of the native trees have peculiar characteristics and are recognized for their nutritional and therapeutic aspects. However, little is known about their technological and biotechnological potential applications. The existing information concerning these aspects has never been compiled so far. It is known that many of these fruits contain many bioactive compounds of industrial interest, such as carotenoids and phenolic constituents. Another aspect of the fruit is the high fatty acid content of some species. Pequi, bocaiuva, jatoba, baru, amburama, and buriti, for instance, are among those fruits described as being rich in fatty acids, mostly unsaturated ones. Here, we reviewed 18 species from the Brazilian savannah identified to be of interest because of high potencial for sustained medium- and short-term explorations, under the technological and biotechnological aspects, seeking the development of new products from these scarcely studied raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Aparecida de Andrade Silva
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, CEP 79.804-970 Dourados-MS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Graciano Fonseca
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, CEP 79.804-970 Dourados-MS, Brazil
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de Figueiredo PRL, Oliveira IB, Neto JBS, de Oliveira JA, Ribeiro LB, de Barros Viana GS, Rocha TM, Leal LKAM, Kerntopf MR, Felipe CFB, Coutinho HDM, de Alencar Menezes IR. Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Pequi) fixed oil presents hypolipemic and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:87-94. [PMID: 27321275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Pequi) is found in southern Ceará, where the fruit is used as food and in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, and to promote healing. However, little is known about the effects of repeated administration of its oil on the biochemical parameters of the blood. This work aimed to evaluate the effects Caryocar coriaceum fixed oil (OFCC); on the lipid profiles of healthy mice, on dyslipidemia induced by tyloxapol, and to study its anti-inflammatory effect both in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed significant reduction in total serum cholesterol and triglycerides, and an increase in HDL-C. The paw edema (induced by carrageenan) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), in polymorphonuclear culture cells, was reduced at all dose levels. Results demonstrated that Caryocar coriaceum's fix oil present anti-inflammatory activity and, for the first time describe the hypolipidemic effects, supporting its traditional use and suggest that present a potential cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rosane Leite de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Isabella Bezerra Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Benício Santana Neto
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Albuquerque de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bernardo Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Talita Magalhães Rocha
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro, 1210, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60430-370 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro, 1210, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60430-370 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Química Molecular - LFQM, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000 Crato, Brazil
| | - Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose de Alencar Menezes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Química Molecular - LFQM, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000 Crato, Brazil.
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Oral acute and subchronic toxicity studies of the oil extracted from pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.) pulp in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:224-231. [PMID: 27639543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) is a Brazilian fruit of important geographic distribution and of broad popular use for nutritional purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological potential of pequi through the acute and subchronic toxicity tests. For the acute toxicity test, female Wistar rats received, orally, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg/bw of pequi oil and were observed for 14 days. In subchronic toxicity test, Wistar male and female rats received, orally, repeated doses of 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg/bw of the oil, being treated and observed for 28 days. In the acute toxicity test, no changes as well as no mortality were observed, indicating that the LD50 is higher than 2000 mg/kg/bw. In the subchronic toxicity test, the tested doses produced no significant changes in behavioral, physiological, biochemical or histopathologic parameters in animals. Some hematological abnormalities were found after subchronic exposure and need to be clarified. These results demonstrate the low toxicity of acute and subchronic to the oil of pequi in rats. However, additional studies are required in order to verify if the hematological abnormalities have any relation to the oil exposure and also provide sufficient safety evidence for the use of the oil in humans.
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Chemopreventive effects of pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) on preneoplastic lesions in a mouse model of hepatocarcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2016; 25:299-305. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Colombo NBR, Rangel MP, Martins V, Hage M, Gelain DP, Barbeiro DF, Grisolia CK, Parra ER, Capelozzi VL. Caryocar brasiliense camb protects against genomic and oxidative damage in urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26200231 PMCID: PMC4568814 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant effects of Caryocar brasiliense Camb, commonly known
as the pequi fruit, have not been evaluated to determine their protective effects
against oxidative damage in lung carcinogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated
the role of pequi fruit against urethane-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in
forty 8-12 week old male BALB/C mice. An in vivo comet assay was
performed to assess DNA damage in lung tissues and changes in lipid peroxidation and
redox cycle antioxidants were monitored for oxidative stress. Prior supplementation
with pequi oil or its extract (15 µL, 60 days) significantly reduced urethane-induced
oxidative stress. A protective effect against DNA damage was associated with the
modulation of lipid peroxidation and low protein and gene expression of nitric oxide
synthase. These findings suggest that the intake of pequi fruit might protect against
in vivo genotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B R Colombo
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - M P Rangel
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - V Martins
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - M Hage
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - D P Gelain
- Departamento de Stress Oxidativo, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, BR
| | - D F Barbeiro
- Departamento de Emergência Clínica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - C K Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, BR
| | - E R Parra
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - V L Capelozzi
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
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Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxant Effect of Butanolic Fraction from Caryocar brasiliense Camb. Leaves in Rat Thoracic Aorta. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:934142. [PMID: 22927883 PMCID: PMC3426304 DOI: 10.1155/2012/934142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Caryocar brasiliense Camb. “pequi” is a native plant from the Cerrado region of Brazil that contains bioactive components reported to be antioxidant agents. Previous work has demonstrated that dietary supplementation with pequi decreased the arterial pressure of volunteer athletes. We found that the crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) of C. brasiliense leaves relaxed, in a concentration-dependent manner, rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine, and that the butanolic fraction (BF) produced an effect similar to that of the CHE. Aortic relaxation induced by BF was abolished by endothelium removal, by incubation of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME, or the soluble guanylatecyclase inhibitor ODQ. However, incubation with atropine and pyrilamine had no effect on the BF-induced vasorelaxation. Moreover, this effect was not inhibited by indomethacin and tetraethylammonium. The concentration-response curve to calcium in denuded-endothelium rings was not modified after incubation with BF, and the vasorelaxation by BF in endothelium-intact rings precontracted with KCl was abolished after incubation with L-NAME. In addition, administration of BF in anesthetized rats resulted in a reversible hypotension. The results reveal that C. brasiliense possesses both in vivo and in vitro activities and that the vascular effect of BF involves stimulation of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway.
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Resck IS, Grisolia CK. Antigenotoxic activity and antioxidant properties of organic and aqueous extracts of pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) pulp. Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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