1
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Oliveira-Filho EC, Grisolia CK. The Ecotoxicology of Microbial Insecticides and Their Toxins in Genetically Modified Crops: An Overview. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16495. [PMID: 36554372 PMCID: PMC9778766 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of microbial insecticides and their toxins in biological control and transgenic plants has increased their presence in the environment. Although they are natural products, the main concerns are related to the potential impacts on the environment and human health. Several assays have been performed worldwide to investigate the toxicity or adverse effects of these microbial products or their individual toxins. This overview examines the published data concerning the knowledge obtained about the ecotoxicity and environmental risks of these natural pesticides. The data presented show that many results are difficult to compare due to the diversity of measurement units used in the different research data. Even so, the products and toxins tested present low toxicity and low risk when compared to the concentrations used for pesticide purposes. Complementary studies should be carried out to assess possible effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar K. Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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2
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Oliveira AC, Fascineli ML, Andrade TS, Sousa-Moura D, Domingues I, Camargo NS, Oliveira R, Grisolia CK, Villacis RAR. Exposure to tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline affects early-life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 210:111868. [PMID: 33421720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric drugs are among the leading medications prescribed for humans, with their presence in aquatic environments raising concerns relating to potentially harmful effects on non-target organisms. Nortriptyline (NTP) is a selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, widely used in clinics and found in environmental water matrices. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of NTP on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and early larval stages. Developmental and mortality analyses were performed on zebrafish exposed to NTP for 168 h at concentrations ranging from 500 to 46,900 µg/L. Locomotor behaviour and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were evaluated by exposing embryos/larvae to lower NTP concentrations (0.006-500 µg/L). The median lethal NTP concentration after 168 h exposure was 2190 µg/L. Although we did not identify significant developmental changes in the treated groups, lack of equilibrium was already visible in surviving larvae exposed to ≥ 500 µg/L NTP. The behavioural analyses showed that NTP was capable of modifying zebrafish larvae swimming behaviour, even at extremely low (0.006 and 0.088 µg/L) environmentally relevant concentrations. We consistently observed a significant reduction in AChE activity in the animals exposed to 500 µg/L NTP. Our results highlight acute toxic effects of NTP on the early-life stages of zebrafish. Most importantly, exposure to environmentally relevant NTP concentrations may affect zebrafish larvae locomotor behaviour, which in turn could reduce the fitness of the species. More studies involving chronic exposure and sensitive endpoints are warranted to better understand the effect of NTP in a more realistic exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maria L Fascineli
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Thayres S Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC, Campus de Crateús, 63700-000 Crateús, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Diego Sousa-Moura
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Inês Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Níchollas S Camargo
- Faculdade da Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, 72220-90 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rhaul Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rolando A R Villacis
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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3
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Rohr P, da Silva GF, Vicentini VEP, Almeida IVD, Dos Santos RA, Takahashi CS, Goulart MO, da Silva GN, de Oliveira LB, Grisolia CK, Piau TB, Bassi Branco CL, Reis ÉDM, de Oliveira Galvão MF, de Medeiros SRB, Monteiro MS, de Vasconcelos Lopes RA, Brandão SFI, Batista NJC, Paz MFCJ, da Silva J. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay: Inter-laboratory scoring exercise and micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities frequencies in different populations from Brazil. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:242-250. [PMID: 32841739 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay (BMCyt) has become an important biomonitoring tool for assessing cytogenetic damage in many studied populations. Each laboratory applies protocols that vary according to the method of collecting and preparing samples. Besides, Brazil is a country of great territorial extensions that received immigrants from various parts of the world with different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the inter-laboratory variation in scoring the same set of slides using the more comprehensive scoring criteria, to standardize the BMCyt protocol, to observe the basal alterations in populations of different Brazilian regions and to compare it with other places around the world. Our results showed that a valuable number of laboratories participated, ten laboratories from different regions of the country, for the validation of the BMCyt in human biomonitoring studies, resulting in the 804 healthy individuals. This was possible because we observed: a range of measures needs to be considered, such as the baseline frequency of DNA damage and cell death in non-exposed individuals; age when grouped showed an influence on DNA damage, although when evaluated by group we did not see an influence; association between smoking habit and all endpoints of the BMCyt (except karyolytic cells) was evident; the basal MN frequency, in the majority of groups, follows those around the world; and the BMCyt was confirmed as a good health status biomarker. We emphasize the need for constant discussions on the parameters of cell death due to greater difficulty among the analyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rohr
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabrieli Flesch da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Vivian de Almeida
- Laboratório de Mutagênese e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Raquel Alves Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Franca, UNIFRAN, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina Satie Takahashi
- Departmento de Genética, Escola de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departmento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Oliveira Goulart
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Franca, UNIFRAN, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasilia, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tathyana B Piau
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasilia, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Érica de Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Magaly Sales Monteiro
- Núcleo Bioprospecção e Experimentação Molecular-NUBEM, Centro Universitário INTA-UNINTA, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação Profissional em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano (PPGSDH), Universidade La Salle, UniLaSalle, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Dantas AF, Fascineli ML, José SCBR, Pádua JG, Gimenes MA, Grisolia CK. Loss of genetic integrity in artificially aged seed lots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2019; 846:403080. [PMID: 31585628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of genetic integrity can occur during the long-term conservation of seeds. We have studied these effects in seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) exposed to accelerated aging (elevated temperature and moisture) conditions. Tests of first count, germination, and germination speed index were performed to measure physiological quality; cytogenetic tests and comet assay were used to evaluate genetic integrity. With aging, we observed a decrease in mitotic index and an increase in the frequency of chromosomal alterations in root cells of imbibed seeds, as well as increased DNA damage (comet assay) in dry and imbibed seed embryos of both species. The comet assay can be a useful technique for measuring genetic integrity in seed conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson F Dantas
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Maria L Fascineli
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Solange C B R José
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) - Embrapa Genetic Resources & Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Juliano G Pádua
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) - Embrapa Genetic Resources & Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Gimenes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) - Embrapa Genetic Resources & Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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5
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Oliveira-Filho EC, Brito DQ, Dias ZMB, Guarieiro MS, Carvalho EL, Fascineli ML, Niva CC, Grisolia CK. Effects of ashes from a Brazilian savanna wildfire on water, soil and biota: An ecotoxicological approach. Sci Total Environ 2018; 618:101-111. [PMID: 29127867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire is very common in Brazilian savannas, and its effects on water, soil and aquatic/soil organisms are poorly understood. In this study, we observed the effects of fire, especially of ashes, on surface soil and subsurface water in a typical Brazilian savanna (Cerrado sensu strictu) for one year. Soil analyses (pH, organic matter content, potential acidity, K, Ca, Mg and P) and subsurface water analyses (NO3-, PO43- Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+) were assessed. We evaluated the ecotoxicological effects of ashes on three different endpoints and species, in fish Danio rerio (embryonic development), aquatic snail Biomphalaria glabrata (reproduction) and a soil species Enchytraeus sp. (reproduction). We found a higher amount of exchangeable cations and organic matter content in short-term fire effects on soil, but the higher availability of nutrients did not affect the soil pH in field plots. The effects of ashes on soil and subsurface water did not persist for one-year post-fire, except for organic matter content in burned areas. No toxic effects were observed on hatching success and incidences of developmental abnormalities in D. rerio embryos. However, ash input had adverse effects on reproduction in snails and enchytraeids. We reported a statistically significant decrease in snail eggs exposed to the 50g.L-1 and 100g.L-1 of ashes after four weeks (p<0.05, Dunnett's test and Tukey test). Enchytraeus sp. reproduction was negatively influenced by the natural soil, which presents high acidity, and also when exposed directly to the ashes from burned area, suggesting that pH and other ash compounds may limit the growth of enchytraeids. More studies in burned areas are strongly encouraged, addressing the potential important routes of exposure to ashes in order to understand the impact of intense fires on soil and aquatic biota in tropical savannas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C Oliveira-Filho
- Embrapa Cerrados (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária), Road BR-020, km 18, Planaltina, Federal District (DF) 73310-970, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB) SEPN 707/907, Campus do UniCEUB, Asa Norte, Brasília, (DF), 70790-075, Brazil.
| | - Darlan Q Brito
- University of Brasília, Faculty UnB at Planaltina (FUP) Planaltina, Federal District (DF) 73345-010, Brazil
| | - Zelia M B Dias
- University of Brasília, Faculty UnB at Planaltina (FUP) Planaltina, Federal District (DF) 73345-010, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Guarieiro
- Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB) SEPN 707/907, Campus do UniCEUB, Asa Norte, Brasília, (DF), 70790-075, Brazil
| | - Esther L Carvalho
- Universidade de Brasília, Institute of Biology, Brasília, Federal District (DF) 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Maria L Fascineli
- Universidade de Brasília, Institute of Biology, Brasília, Federal District (DF) 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Cintia C Niva
- Embrapa Cerrados (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária), Road BR-020, km 18, Planaltina, Federal District (DF) 73310-970, Brazil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Universidade de Brasília, Institute of Biology, Brasília, Federal District (DF) 70910-900, Brazil
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6
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Dantas AF, Lopes RM, Fascineli ML, José SCBR, Pádua JG, Gimenes MA, Grisolia CK. Comet and cytogenetic tests as tools for evaluating genomic instability in seeds of Oryza sativa L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. from gene banks. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:145-153. [PMID: 29658968 PMCID: PMC5901492 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of comet and cytogenetic tests as tools for evaluating genomic instability in seeds of Oryza sativa L. (rice) and Phaseolus vulgaris (beans) L. from gene banks. Rice and beans were exposed to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as a reference DNA damaging agent. Seeds of two accessions of rice and beans were obtained from Embrapa Rice and Beans - Brazil. Seed groups were imbibed in three concentrations of MMS for three periods of time to carry out cytogenetic tests, and for one period for the comet test. At concentrations of 10 and 15 mg/L, MMS induced cytotoxic and/or mutagenic effects in the meristematic cells of roots from all the accessions of both species. In the comet test, MMS induced genotoxic effects at all the concentrations in the evaluated accessions of rice and beans, except in one accession of beans at the lowest concentration (5 mg/L). Both species showed sensitivity to MMS. The comet test can be proposed for the measurement of genomic instability in accessions of rice and beans in gene banks, as being more sensitive than the cytogenetic tests used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson F Dantas
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Renata M Lopes
- Departmento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria L Fascineli
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano G Pádua
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Gimenes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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7
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Villacis RAR, Filho JS, Piña B, Azevedo RB, Pic-Taylor A, Mazzeu JF, Grisolia CK. Integrated assessment of toxic effects of maghemite (γ-Fe 2O 3) nanoparticles in zebrafish. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 191:219-225. [PMID: 28866281 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanotechnology in the last decade has raised concerns about the impact of nanoparticles in the environment. In particular, the potential harmful effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in aquatic organisms have been poorly addressed. We analyze here the toxic effects induced by IONPs in zebrafish using a combination of classical (genotoxicity, oxidative stress) and molecular (transcriptomic) methodologies. Adult animals were exposed for 96h to five sub-lethal IONP concentrations, ranging from 4.7 to 74.4mg/L. Comet and micronucleus assays revealed a significant number of DNA lesions induced by IONPs at all concentrations tested. Conversely, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) test detected only a mild oxidative damage in liver cells (∼1.5-fold increase of malondialdehyde concentrations) and only at the two higher IONP concentrations tested. Microarray analysis of liver samples identified 953 transcripts (927 unique genes) differentially expressed between controls and IONP-exposed samples. Subsequent functional analysis identified genes related to cation/metal ion binding, membrane formation, and morphogenesis among the transcripts overrepresented upon IONP treatments, whereas mRNAs encompassing genes associated with RNA biogenesis, translation, ribosomes, and several metabolic processes became underrepresented in treated samples. Taken together, these results indicate considerable genotoxic effects of IONPs combined with general negative effect on cell growth and on the ability of the cell produce new proteins. On the contrary, IONPs showed only a limited capacity to induce oxidative stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study on IONPs toxicity using such an integrative approach in an aquatic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A R Villacis
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José S Filho
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ricardo B Azevedo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Aline Pic-Taylor
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Mazzeu
- Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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8
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Oliveira-Filho EC, Filho JS, Novais LA, Peternele WS, Azevedo RB, Grisolia CK. Effects of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the survival and reproduction of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) and their elimination from this benthic aquatic snail. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:18362-18368. [PMID: 27282368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of maghemite nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3) coated with meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) stabilizer on the survival and reproduction of the aquatic snail Biomphalaria glabrata. The cumulative means of egg masses and eggs per individual in the control group at the end of 4 weeks were 18.8 and 326.7, respectively. These values at the concentration of 1 mg/L were 17.2 and 291.6; at 10 mg/L, they were 19.6 and 334.4 ,and at 100 mg/L, they were 14.3 and 311.1. Results showed no significant differences between the tested and the control groups at the level of p < 0.05. Exposure of embryos for 10 days showed absence of mortality, malformation, or hatching delay. X-ray microtomography confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in exposed individuals and showed the complete elimination of the nanoparticles after 30 days in clean water. In the studied conditions, it is clear that γ-Fe2O3 coated with stabilizing DMSA did not alter the fecundity or the fertility of the snail B. glabrata after 4 weeks of exposure, and accumulation was not present after 30 days in clean water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C Oliveira-Filho
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, 73310-970, Brazil.
- Centro Universitário de Brasília, UniCEUB, Brasília, DF, 70790-075, Brazil.
| | - José Sousa Filho
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luana A Novais
- Centro Universitário de Brasília, UniCEUB, Brasília, DF, 70790-075, Brazil
| | - Wilson S Peternele
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76801-974, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Azevedo
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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9
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Oliveira R, Grisolia CK, Monteiro MS, Soares AMVM, Domingues I. Multilevel assessment of ivermectin effects using different zebrafish life stages. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 187:50-61. [PMID: 27153811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown high toxicity of the veterinary pharmaceutical ivermectin (a semisynthetic avermectin) for aquatic invertebrates however, few data is found for fish species. The present study evaluated the toxicity of ivermectin, to embryos, juveniles, and adults of zebrafish at different levels of biological organization including developmental, behavioural and biochemical. Toxicity tests were performed based on OECD protocols and mortality and behavioural changes were assed for all stages. Biochemical responses were assessed in adults and embryos and included cholinesterases (ChEs), catalase (CAT) (only in embryos), glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vitellogenin (VTG) like proteins (only in embryos). Genotoxicity was evaluated in adults. Results showed a higher sensitivity of juvenile and adults of zebrafish (96h-LC10 values of 14.0 and 55.4μg/L, respectively). For embryos a 96h-LC10 of 147.1μg/L was calculated, moreover developmental anomalies and hatching inhibition were observed only at high concentrations (>400μg/L), whereas biochemical and behavioural responses occurred at lower concentrations (<60μg/L). Behavioural responses (lethargy) occurred in all life stages. Biochemical responses were observed including the inhibition of GST in adults and changes in ChE, CAT, LDH activities and VTG levels in embryos. Ivermectin did not show to be genotoxic for adult fish. The species sensitivity distribution analysis, based on fish and invertebrate species, indicated a Hazardous Concentration for 5% of the population (HC5) value of 0.057μg/L; suggesting high sensitivity of both groups to ivermectin and a high risk of this compound to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhaul Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Marta S Monteiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Inês Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Colombo NBR, Rangel MP, Martins V, Hage M, Gelain DP, Barbeiro DF, Grisolia CK, Parra ER, Capelozzi VL. Caryocar brasiliense camb protects against genomic and oxidative damage in urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26200231 PMCID: PMC4568814 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant effects of Caryocar brasiliense Camb, commonly known
as the pequi fruit, have not been evaluated to determine their protective effects
against oxidative damage in lung carcinogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated
the role of pequi fruit against urethane-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in
forty 8-12 week old male BALB/C mice. An in vivo comet assay was
performed to assess DNA damage in lung tissues and changes in lipid peroxidation and
redox cycle antioxidants were monitored for oxidative stress. Prior supplementation
with pequi oil or its extract (15 µL, 60 days) significantly reduced urethane-induced
oxidative stress. A protective effect against DNA damage was associated with the
modulation of lipid peroxidation and low protein and gene expression of nitric oxide
synthase. These findings suggest that the intake of pequi fruit might protect against
in vivo genotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B R Colombo
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - M P Rangel
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - V Martins
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - M Hage
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - D P Gelain
- Departamento de Stress Oxidativo, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, BR
| | - D F Barbeiro
- Departamento de Emergência Clínica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - C K Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, BR
| | - E R Parra
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - V L Capelozzi
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
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11
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Melo KM, Grisolia CK, Pieczarka JC, de Souza LR, Filho JDS, Nagamachi CY. FISH in micronucleus test demonstrates aneugenic action of rotenone in a common freshwater fish species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Mutagenesis 2014; 29:215-9. [PMID: 24618992 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidies are numerical genetic alterations that lead to changes in the normal number of chromosomes due to abnormal segregation during cell division. This type of alteration can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to mutagenic agents. The presence of these agents in the environment has increased concern about potential damage to human health. Rotenone, derived from plants of the genera Derris and Lonchocarpus, is a product that is used all over the world as a pesticide and piscicide. Before establishing its potential and efficiency for these purposes, it is essential to know more about the possible adverse effects that it may cause. The current work aimed to evaluate the mutagenic potential of rotenone using fish from the species Oreochromis niloticus, as well as to help in understanding its action mechanism. Our results showed the mutagenic potential of rotenone evidenced by increased formation of micronuclei and nuclear buds at low doses of exposure. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique made it possible to measure the aneugenic potential of the substance, probably due to its impairment of mitotic spindle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Melo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus do Guamá, Av. Perimetral, sn., Guamá, 66075-900 Belém, PA-Brazil
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12
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Freire IS, Miranda-Vilela AL, Fascineli ML, Oliveira-Filho EC, Martins ES, Monnerat RG, Grisolia CK. Genotoxic evaluation in Oreochromis niloticus (Fish: Characidae) of recombinant spore-crystal complexes Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 from Bacillus thuringiensis. Ecotoxicology 2014; 23:267-272. [PMID: 24374720 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioinsecticides from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used around the world in biological control against larval stages of many insect species. Bt has been considered a biopesticide that is highly specific to different orders of insects, non-polluting and harmless to humans and other vertebrates, thus becoming a viable alternative for combating agricultural pests and insect vectors of diseases. The family of Bt δ-endotoxins are crystal-protein inclusions showing toxicity to insects' midgut, causing cell lysis leading to starvation, septicemia and death. The aim of this study is to evaluate the genotoxic potential of recombinant Bt spore-crystals expressing Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 on peripheral erythrocyte cells of Oreochromis niloticus, through comet assay, micronucleus (MN) test and nuclear abnormalities (NA) analysis. Fish (n = 10/group) were exposed for 96 h at 10(7) spores 30 l(-1), 10(8) spores 30 l(-1) or 10(9) spores 30 l(-1) of Bt spore-crystals. Cry1Ia showed a significant increase in comet cells at levels 1 and 2, but not at levels 3 and 4, so it was not mutagenic nor did it induce MN or NA. These three spore-crystals showed some fish toxicity at only the highest exposure level, which normally does not occur in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Freire
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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13
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Rivero-Wendt CLG, Miranda-Vilela AL, Ferreira MFN, Amorim FS, da Silva VAG, Louvandini H, Grisolia CK. Lack of genotoxicity in Astyanax bimaculatus and Oreochromis niloticus of 17α-methyltestosterone used in fish hatcheries to produce male monosex populations. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:5013-22. [PMID: 24301763 DOI: 10.4238/2013.october.24.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) is widely used in fish hatcheries of many countries to produce male monosex populations. Its genotoxic risk to fish species is not well known and studies in other in vivo models are still inconclusive. MT was tested for genotoxicity in the fish species Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), a target species, and Astyanax bimaculatus (lambari), a native non-target species. Genotoxicity was evaluated by the micronucleus test (MN), nuclear abnormalities (NA), and comet assay using peripheral erythrocytes of both species after a 96-h exposure to MT at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L in the water. At the lowest exposure level of 0.01 mg/L, MT induced MN in both species and NA only in O. niloticus. These effects were not observed in the comet assay. Chromatographic analysis of water samples collected from aquariums at the beginning and end of each experiment showed that MT was consumed during the 96-h exposure. At the highest level of exposure (1.0 mg/L), 81.69% of the hormone was consumed during the exposure period. The chromatogram showed that at the lowest concentration level of 0.01 mg/L, 99.56% MT was consumed by the end of the exposure period. Thus, exposure to MT did not cause genotoxicity in either fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L G Rivero-Wendt
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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14
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Lordelo GS, Miranda-Vilela AL, Akimoto AK, Alves PCZ, Hiragi CO, Nonino A, Daldegan MB, Klautau-Guimarães MN, Grisolia CK. Association between methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase and glutathione S-transferase M1 gene polymorphisms and chronic myeloid leukemia in a Brazilian population. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:1013-26. [PMID: 22576927 DOI: 10.4238/2012.april.19.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder that causes uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells. Although the clinical and biological aspects are well documented, little is known about individual susceptibility to this disease. We conducted a case-control study analyzing the prevalence of the polymorphisms MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, del{GSTM1}, del{GSTT1}, and haptoglobin in 105 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 273 healthy controls, using PCR-based methods. A significant association with risk of developing CML was found for MTHFR 1298AA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.794; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-2.83) and GSTM1 non-null (OR = 1.649; 95%CI = 1.05-2.6) genotypes, while MTHFR 1298AC (OR = 0.630; 95%CI = 0.40-0.99) and GSTM1 null (OR = 0.606; 95%CI = 0.21-0.77) genotypes significantly decreased this risk. There appeared to be selection for heterozygosity at the MTHFR 1298 locus. The considerable range of variation in this and other human populations may be a consequence of distinctive processes of natural selection and adaptation to variable environmental conditions. The Brazilian population is very mixed and heterogeneous; we found these two loci to be associated with CML in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Lordelo
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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15
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Akimoto AK, Lordelo GS, Pereira LCS, Grisolia CK, Klautau-Guimarães MDN. Creatine kinase MM TaqI and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms influence exercise-induced C-reactive protein levels. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:941-50. [PMID: 21706313 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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da Silva RRP, Pires OR, Grisolia CK. Genotoxicity in Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) induced by Microcystis spp bloom extract containing microcystins. Toxicon 2011; 58:259-64. [PMID: 21704053 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies of genotoxicity in fish caused by cyanobacterial extracts containing microcystins (MCs) can be useful in determining their carcinogenic risk due to a genotoxic mechanism. An extract of cyanobacterial Microcystis ssp, containing MC-LR and -LA from a bloom collected in a eutrophic lake, showed genotoxicity to Oreochromis niloticus. DNA damage (comet assay) was significantly induced in peripheral erythrocytes with both tested concentrations of 6.90 μg kg(-1) bw and 13.80 μg kg(-1) bw through intraperitoneal injection (ip). There was no micronucleus induction after ip injection at concentrations of 6.90 μg kg(-1) bw and 13.80 μg kg(-1) bw. Body exposure resulted in micronucleus induction and DNA damage only at the highest tested concentrations of 103.72 μg L(-1). Thus, comet assay and ip injection revealed the highest levels of the genotoxicity of MCs. Apoptosis-necrosis test carried out at concentrations of 6.90 μg kg(-1) bw and 13.80 μg kg(-1) bw revealed that at low concentrations more apoptosis than necrosis occurred. At higher concentrations more necrosis than apoptosis occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Pavan da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília - DF, Brazil
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17
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Akimoto AK, Lordelo GS, Pereira LCS, Grisolia CK, Klautau-Guimarães MDN. Creatine kinase MM TaqI and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms influence exercise-induced C-reactive protein levels. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:183-92. [PMID: 21516340 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Physical training induces beneficial adaptations, but exhausting exercise increases reactive oxygen species, which can cause muscular injuries with consequent inflammatory processes, implying jeopardized performance and possibly overtraining. Acute strenuous exercise almost certainly exceeds the benefits of physical activity; it can compromise performance and may contribute to increased future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in athletes. Polymorphisms in the muscle-type creatine kinase (CK-MM) gene may influence performance and adaptation to training, while many potentially significant genetic variants are reported as risk factors for CVD. Therefore, we investigated the influence of polymorphisms in CK-MM TaqI and NcoI, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C) and C-reactive protein (CRP G1059C) genes on exercise-induced damage and inflammation markers. Blood samples were taken immediately after a race (of at least 4 km) that took place outdoors on flat tracks, and were submitted to genotyping and biochemical evaluation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), CK, CRP and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). CK-MM TaqI polymorphism significantly influenced results of AST, CK and hs-CRP, and an association between MTHFR C677T and A1298C with CRP level was found, although these levels did not exceed reference values. Results indicate that these polymorphisms can indirectly influence performance, contribute to higher susceptibility to exercise-induced inflammation or protection against it, and perhaps affect future risks of CVD in athletes.
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18
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Alves PCZ, Akimoto AK, Pereira LCS, Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães MD, Grisolia CK. The effect of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on leukocytes depends on age and physical training in healthy human subjects carrying the same genotypes of antioxidant enzymes' gene polymorphisms. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:807-12. [PMID: 20878976 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactive oxygen species account for the background levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in normal tissues. Physical exercise increases oxygen consumption and can cause oxidative stress. This stress can also involve deficient antioxidant defenses, which can be influenced by certain genetic polymorphisms. Because regular exercise is a known inducer of antioxidant enzymes, the objective of this study was to compare, by comet assay, differences in the DNA damage between apparently healthy individuals and trained aerobic sportsmen carrying the same single nucleotide polymorphisms of manganese superoxide dismutase (Val9Ala), catalase (-21A/T), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Pro198Leu), before and after exposing leukocytes from peripheral blood to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). METHODS Athletes were compared with nonathletes after a situation that promotes reactive oxygen species increase (a race). Blood samples were submitted to genotyping and comet assay, and the athletes and nonathletes were paired according to their gender, age, and MnSOD, CAT, and GPx-1 genotypes. RESULTS For nonathletes, there was a positive correlation between H₂O₂ concentrations and DNA damage levels. For athletes, these correlations showed differences between sexes, indicating that running may impose higher oxidative stress on the DNA of women than of men. Significant differences appeared for nonathletes in the comparisons between younger and older age groups after treatment with H₂O₂ at 250 μM. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that, for individuals carrying the same genotypes of antioxidant enzymes' genes, the effect of H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress depends mainly on age and physical training. It also suggests that aerobic physical training can reduce oxidative damages to DNA, preventing related diseases in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Miranda-Vilela
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília/DF, Brazil.
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19
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Akimoto AK, Alves PCZ, Pereira LCS, Klautau-Guimarães MN, Grisolia CK. Dietary carotenoid-rich oil supplementation improves exercise-induced anisocytosis in runners: influences of haptoglobin, MnSOD (Val9Ala), CAT (21A/T) and GPX1 (Pro198Leu) gene polymorphisms in dilutional pseudoanemia (sports anemia). Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:359-67. [PMID: 21637495 PMCID: PMC3036864 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical training induces beneficial adaptation, whereas exhaustive exercises increase reactive oxygen-species generation, thereby causing oxidative damage in plasma and erythrocytes, fractions susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) is a Brazilian Cerrado fruit containing a carotenoid-rich oil. The aim was to investigate the effects of pequi-oil on exercise-induced oxidative damage in plasma and erythrocytes, after running in the same environment and undergoing weekly training under the same conditions as to type, intensity and length. Evaluations were accomplished after outdoor running on flat land before and after ingestion of 400 mg pequi-oil capsules for 14 days. Blood samples were taken after running and submitted to TBARS assay and erythrogram analysis. Haptoglobin, MnSOD (Val9Ala), CAT (21A/T) and GPX1 (Pro198Leu) gene polymorphisms were priorly investigated, so as to estimate genetic influence The reduction in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit after pequi-oil treatment was notably associated with higher plasma expansion. Except for MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and RDW (red cell distribution width), the results were influenced by the polymorphisms studied. The best response to pequi-oil was presented by MnSOD Val/Val, CAT AA or AT genotypes and the GPX1 Pro allele. The significantly lower RDW and higher MHCH values were related to pequi-oil protective effects. Pequi oil, besides possessing other nutritional properties, showed protective blood effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Miranda-Vilela
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
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20
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Alves PCZ, Akimoto AK, Lordelo GS, Gonçalves CA, Grisolia CK, Klautau-Guimarães MN. Gene polymorphisms against DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in leukocytes of healthy humans through comet assay: a quasi-experimental study. Environ Health 2010; 9:21. [PMID: 20444272 PMCID: PMC2881052 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-9-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal cellular metabolism is well established as the source of endogenous reactive oxygen species which account for the background levels of oxidative DNA damage detected in normal tissue. Hydrogen peroxide imposes an oxidative stress condition on cells that can result in DNA damage, leading to mutagenesis and cell death. Several potentially significant genetic variants related to oxidative stress have already been identified, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been reported as possible antioxidant agents that can reduce vascular oxidative stress in cardiovascular events. METHODS We investigate the influences of haptoglobin, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD Val9Ala), catalase (CAT -21A/T), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1 Pro198Leu), ACE (I/D) and gluthatione S-transferases GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms against DNA damage and oxidative stress. These were induced by exposing leukocytes from peripheral blood of healthy humans (N = 135) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the effects were tested by comet assay. Blood samples were submitted to genotyping and comet assay (before and after treatment with H2O2 at 250 microM and 1 mM). RESULTS After treatment with H2O2 at 250 microM, the GPx-1 polymorphism significantly influenced results of comet assay and a possible association of the Pro/Leu genotype with higher DNA damage was found. The highest or lowest DNA damage also depended on interaction between GPX-1/ACE and Hp/GSTM1T1 polymorphisms when hydrogen peroxide treatment increased oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The GPx-1 polymorphism and the interactions between GPX-1/ACE and Hp/GSTM1T1 can be determining factors for DNA oxidation provoked by hydrogen peroxide, and thus for higher susceptibility to or protection against oxidative stress suffered by healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Miranda-Vilela
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Penha CZ Alves
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Arthur K Akimoto
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Graciana S Lordelo
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Carlos A Gonçalves
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório Integrado, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Maria N Klautau-Guimarães
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
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21
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Akimoto AK, Alves PCZ, Pereira LCS, Gonçalves CA, Klautau-Guimarães MN, Grisolia CK. Dietary carotenoid-rich pequi oil reduces plasma lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in runners and evidence for an association with MnSOD genetic variant -Val9Ala. Genet Mol Res 2009; 8:1481-95. [PMID: 20082261 DOI: 10.4238/vol8-4gmr684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Physical training induces beneficial adaptations; however, exhausting exercise increases reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in damage to DNA and tissues. Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), a fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado, contains a carotenoid-rich oil. We investigated whether pequi oil had antioxidant effects in runners. Evaluations were made after outdoor races before and after ingestion of 400 mg pequi-oil capsules for 14 days. Blood samples were taken after races and submitted to comet and TBARS assays and biochemical analyses of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). To determine if the protective effects of pequi-oil were influenced by antioxidant enzyme genotypes, MnSOD (-Val9Ala), CAT (-21A/T) and GPX1 (Pro198Leu) gene polymorphisms were also investigated. Pequi oil was efficient in reducing tissue injuries evaluated for AST and ALT, particularly in women, and in reducing DNA damages in both sexes. Except for CK levels, the results were influenced by MnSOD genotypes; heterozygous excess was related to less DNA damage, tissue injury and lipid peroxidation, besides presenting a better response to pequi oil against exercise-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Miranda-Vilela
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
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22
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Pereira LC, Gonçalves CA, Grisolia CK. Pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) pulp oil reduces exercise-induced inflammatory markers and blood pressure of male and female runners. Nutr Res 2009; 29:850-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Oliveira-Filho EC, Oliveira RS, Lopes MC, Ramos FR, Grisolia CK, Alves RT, Monnerat RG. Toxicity assessment and clearance of Brazilian microbial pest control agents in mice. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2009; 83:570-574. [PMID: 19588065 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The environmental toxicology of chemical pesticides have increased interest in the development and use of microbial pest control agents. In the present study four new Brazilian strains of Bacillus and one fungus were tested to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and clearance of these microbials in C57BL6 mice. No mortality was observed after exposure for any of the microorganisms tested. Clearance was significant after 30 days but for one strain of B. thuringiensis and one of B. sphaericus this time was not enough to completely eliminate the spores.
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Abstract
The toxicity and genotoxicity of wastewater from eight gasoline stations in Brasília, Brazil's capital city, was studied by assessing chromosomal aberrations, chromosomal malsegregation and the mitotic index in Alliumcepa root cells, and the occurrence of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). The content of gasoline station effluents was also analyzed based on several physico-chemical parameters. None of the wastewater samples was genotoxic to A. cepa root cells, although cell proliferation was significantly inhibited, especially at the highest concentrations. Likewise, no micronuclei were observed in O. niloticus peripheral erythrocytes, even after exposure to high concentrations, but there was an increase in the number of nuclear abnormalities and fish mortality. These results show that although the effluent from gasoline stations is processed by an oil/water separation system before being discharged into the main sewage system, the wastewater still contains toxic compounds.
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Akimoto AK, Alves PCZ, Hiragi CO, Penalva GC, Oliveira SF, Grisolia CK, Klautau-Guimarães MN. Haptoglobin gene subtypes in three Brazilian population groups of different ethnicities. Genet Mol Biol 2009; 32:456-61. [PMID: 21637505 PMCID: PMC3036060 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptoglobin is a plasma hemoglobin-binding protein that limits iron loss during normal erythrocyte turnover and hemolysis, thereby preventing oxidative damage mediated by iron excess in the circulation. Haptoglobin polymorphism in humans, characterized by the Hp*1 and Hp *2 alleles, results in distinct phenotypes known as Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2, whose frequencies vary according to the ethnic origin of the population. The Hp*1 allele has two subtypes, Hp *1F and Hp *1S , that also vary in their frequencies among populations worldwide. In this work, we examined the distribution frequencies of haptoglobin subtypes in three Brazilian population groups of different ethnicities. The haptoglobin genotypes of Kayabi Amerindians (n = 56), Kalunga Afro-descendants (n = 70) and an urban population (n = 132) were determined by allele-specific PCR. The Hp*1F allele frequency was highest in Kalunga (29.3%) and lowest in Kayabi (2.6%). The Hp*1F/Hp*1S allele frequency ratios were 0.6, 1.0 and 0.26 for the Kayabi, Kalunga and urban populations, respectively. This variation was attributable largely to the Hp*1F allele. However, despite the large variation in Hp*1F frequencies, results of F ST (0.0291) indicated slight genetic differentiation among subpopulations of the general Brazilian population studied here. This is the first Brazilian report of variations in the Hp*1F and Hp*1S frequencies among non-Amerindian Brazilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Miranda-Vilela
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
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Moreira LRS, Miranda-Vilela AL, Silva ICR, Akimoto AK, Klautau-Guimarães MN, Grisolia CK. Antioxidant effect of haptoglobin phenotypes against DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human leukocytes. Genet Mol Res 2009; 8:284-90. [PMID: 19291877 DOI: 10.4238/vol8-1gmr569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Human haptoglobin is classified into three major phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2; there are two autosomal alleles Hp*1 and Hp*2, and the Hp*1 allele has two subtypes, Hp*1F and Hp*1S. Haptoglobin acts as an antioxidant, preventing hemoglobin-driven oxidative damage. We used the comet assay to examine oxidative damage to DNA induced by hydrogen peroxide in human leukocytes; we also looked for differences in the antioxidant capacity of haptoglobin subtypes. Haptoglobin genotypes were determined through allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, visualized on a polyacrylamide gel. The Hp1-1 genotype had the least DNA damage; this indicates that Hp alleles differ in their protective effects against oxidative damage. Among Hp*1 alleles, Hp*1F was the most protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R S Moreira
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Grisolia CK, Rivero CLG, Starling FLRM, da Silva ICR, Barbosa AC, Dorea JG. Profile of micronucleus frequencies and DNA damage in different species of fish in a eutrophic tropical lake. Genet Mol Biol 2009; 32:138-43. [PMID: 21637659 PMCID: PMC3032960 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Paranoá is a tropical reservoir for the City of Brasilia, which became eutrophic due to inadequate sewage treatment associated with intensive population growth. At present, two wastewater treatment plants are capable of processing up to 95% of the domestic sewage, thereby successfully reducing eutrophization. We evaluated both genotoxic and cytotoxic parameters in several fish species (Geophagus brasiliensis, Cichla temensis, Hoplias malabaricus, Astyanax bimaculatus lacustres, Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio and Steindachnerina insculpita) by using the micronucleus (MN) test, the comet assay and nuclear abnormality assessment in peripheral erythrocytes. The highest frequencies of MN were found in Cichla temensis and Hoplias malabaricus, which were statistically significant when compared to the other species. However, Steindachnerina insculpita (a detritivorous and lake-floor feeder species) showed the highest index of DNA damage in the comet assay, followed by C. temensis (piscivorous). Nuclear abnormalities, such as binucleated, blebbed, lobed and notched cells, were used as evidence of cytotoxicity. Oreochromis niloticus followed by Hoplias malaricus, ominivorous/detritivotous and piscivorous species, respectively, presented the highest frequency of nuclear abnormalities, especially notched cells, while the herbivorous Astyanax bimaculatus lacustres showed the lowest frequency compared to the other species studied. Thus, for biomonitoring aquatic genotoxins under field conditions, the food web should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar K Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
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Miranda-Vilela AL, Resck IS, Grisolia CK. Antigenotoxic activity and antioxidant properties of organic and aqueous extracts of pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) pulp. Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Rivero CLG, Barbosa AC, Ferreira MFN, Dorea JG, Grisolia CK. Evaluation of genotoxicity and effects on reproduction of nonylphenol in Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Ecotoxicology 2008; 17:732-737. [PMID: 18465223 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-008-0222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is widely used as a component of detergents, paints, pesticides, and many other products. In the aquatic environment NPE breakdown to 4-nonylphenol (NP), which is more stable and persistent. NP is estrogenic in fish, avian, and mammals and is described as an environmental pollutant with endocrine disruptor characteristics. The genotoxicity of NP was evaluated through micronuclei assay and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) in peripheral erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus exposed in vivo. The study on reproductive development was also carried out in male and female gonads of O. niloticus. Lethal concentration (LC 50%) of 0.032 ml l(-1) was previously determined. We ran assays with O. niloticus exposed to concentrations of 1.0, 10.0, and 16.0 microl l(-1) of NP diluted in water. Our results showed that NP was not genotoxic. However, 3-day exposure to NP in concentrations of 1.0, 10.0, and 16.0 microl l(-1) of water increased the frequency of reproductive stages in males and females. The histology of the reproductive tract of the treated fish was significantly altered in females treated with 16.0 microl l(-1) of water when compared to controls. Analogous estrogenic effects were observed, such as accelerated maturation of oocytes and spermatogenesis. These results showed that the O. niloticus reproductive system is sensitive to NP estrogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla L G Rivero
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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Oliveira-Martins CR, Grisolia CK. Determination of micronucleus frequency by acridine orange fluorescent staining in peripheral blood reticulocytes of mice treated topically with different lubricant oils and cyclophosphamide. Genet Mol Res 2007; 6:566-574. [PMID: 17985309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To ascertain whether used and re-refined lubricant oil absorbed through the skin can produce a genotoxic effect or cytotoxicity in mouse bone marrow cells, we examined the induction of micronucleated erythrocytes of peripheral blood after cutaneous application. Both re-refined and used lubricant oils showed a weak but significant induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes compared with control, while virgin oil did not show micronucleus induction. Cyclophosphamide (CP) was used not only as positive control but also to compare the sensitivity between intraperitoneal and dermal routes of administration of the test compounds in mice. The efficacy of intraperitoneal injection of CP is well known. On the other hand, dermal exposure is not so common and when CP was diluted in glycerin statistically significant values (P = 0.0036) of micronuclei were also found. Topically applied lubricant oils (virgin, re-refined and used) have the capacity to interfere with mouse bone marrow hematopoiesis evidenced by a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. Physical and chemical analysis revealed that used oil is more viscous than other lubricants, suggesting the presence of insoluble compounds, oxidized products and water as well as aromatic hydrocarbons. Used oil differs from other lubricant oils in metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbon content. Re-refined oil revealed a neutral value typical of pure mineral oil. This assay is an important tool to evaluate environmental pollutants that cause genotoxicity and/or cytotoxicity through skin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Oliveira-Martins
- Superintendência de Fiscalização, Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Salim DC, Akimoto AA, Carvalho CB, Oliveira SF, Grisolia CK, Moreira JR, Klautau-Guimarães MN. Genetic variability in maned wolf based on heterologous short-tandem repeat markers from domestic dog. Genet Mol Res 2007; 6:348-57. [PMID: 17624858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest South American canid. Habitat loss and fragmentation, due to agricultural expansion and predatory hunting, are the main threats to this species. It is included in the official list of threatened wildlife species in Brazil, and is also protected by IUCN and CITES. Highly variable genetic markers such as microsatellites have the potential to resolve genetic relationships at all levels of the population structure (among individuals, demes or metapopulations) and also to identify the evolutionary unit for strategies for the conservation of the species. Tests were carried out to verify whether a class of highly polymorphic tetranucleotide repeats described for the domestic dog effectively amplifies DNA in the maned wolf. All five loci studied were amplified; however, one of these, was shown to be monomorphic in 69 maned wolf samples. The average allele number and estimated heterozygosity per polymorphic locus were 4.3 and 67%, respectively. The genetic variability found for this species, which is considered threatened with extinction, showed similar results when compared to studies of other canids.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Salim
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Khouri J, Resck IS, Poças-Fonseca M, Sousa TM, Pereira LO, Oliveira AB, Grisolia CK. Anticlastogenic potential and antioxidant effects of an aqueous extract of pulp from the pequi tree (Caryocar brasiliense Camb). Genet Mol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572007000300024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Klautau-Guimarães MDN, D’Ascenção R, Caldart FA, Grisolia CK, Souza JRD, Barbosa AC, Cordeiro CM, Ferrari I. Analysis of genetic susceptibility to mercury contamination evaluated through molecular biomarkers in at-risk Amazon Amerindian populations. Genet Mol Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572005000500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Oliveira-Filho EC, Geraldino BR, Grisolia CK, Paumgartten FJR. Acute toxicity of endosulfan, nonylphenol ethoxylate, and ethanol to different life stages of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria tenagophila (Orbigny, 1835). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 75:1185-90. [PMID: 16402310 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-005-0874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E C Oliveira-Filho
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Cerrados Agricultural Research Center, Embrapa Cerrados, BR020, Km 18, Cx.P. 08223, 73310-970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil
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Formigli LM, Ferrari I, Grisolia CK. Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of thiola (N-2-mercaptopropionylglycine), a medicine used in the treatment of humans contaminated with mercury. Environ Mol Mutagen 2002; 39:18-21. [PMID: 11813292 DOI: 10.1002/em.10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, environmental contamination by mercury occurs mainly as a result of gold mining activities, especially in the Amazon region. In this area, human contamination results mainly from consumption of fish. Treatment of current symptoms of acute or chronic mercury contamination is normally carried out by increasing its excretion through metal scavenger compounds. In Japan, human contamination by mercury, which causes Minamata disease, has been successfully treated by the metal scavenger thiola (N-2 mercaptopropionylglycine). Its effects are based on its capacity to couple with the metal, facilitating its excretion. The possible clastogenic or anticlastogenic effect of thiola was evaluated by the in vivo micronucleus study in bone marrow erythrocytes of mice and also in human lymphocytes in vitro through chromosomal aberration analysis. In both experiments, different concentrations of thiola were used. Treatments with bleomycin (BLM), cyclophosphamide (CP), and also treatments combining these drugs with thiola were carried out with the purpose of studying the anticlastogenicity of thiola, considering its antioxidant properties. Thiola did not induce a significant increase in the micronucleus frequency in polychromatic erythrocytes of mice nor show any protective effect on the damage caused by bleomycin and cyclophosphamide in these cells. At a high dose, thiola showed a cytotoxic effect, significantly decreasing the relative proportion of polychromatic erythrocytes. In human lymphocytes, the tested drug did not increase the frequency of chromosomal aberration and also did not have any protective effect on the damage caused by BLM and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia M Formigli
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Abstract
Fish micronuclei tests (MN) were used to evaluate the ability of wastewater from two municipal sewage treatment plants that empty into Lake Paranoá to cause genetic damage. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei between the control and hypertrophic areas. In contrast, cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C, used to test the sensitivity of the biological assay, significantly increased the micronuclei counts in Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio, T. rendalli was the most sensitive specie to both clastogens and C. carpio, the most resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70.910-900, DF, Brasília, Brazil.
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Abstract
Chloroquine and mefloquine are antimalarial drugs widely used in Brazil, especially in prospecting areas in the Amazonian region, where they may be associated with other compounds suspected to be genotoxic. Mefloquine was tested at doses of 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg body weight on Wistar rats and the animals were killed 6, 12 and 24 h later. No significant increase in chromatid gaps or breaks was induced by any of the treatments. The drugs were associated with NaNO2 and HgCl2, and a slight induction of chromatid aberration frequencies occurred with NaNO2, particularly when associated with chloroquine. The HgCl2 did not show clastogenic activity in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats or induce micronuclei in BALB/c mice. The association of chloroquine and mefloquine did not induce any clastogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Grisolia
- Departmento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasilia, D.F., Brazil
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