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Mäkinen K, De S. The significance of methionine cycle enzymes in plant virus infections. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:67-75. [PMID: 30959442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Both biotic and abiotic stresses cause changes in the activities of plant methionine cycle (MTC) enzymes. These changes contribute to the ability of the plant to manage stress. On the other hand, viruses utilize MTC enzymes to promote infection. Here, we review the growing but still limited knowledge of the interactions between plant viral proteins and MTC enzymes. Virus-induced changes in S-adenosyl methionine synthetase and S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase activities debilitate transcriptional and post-transcriptional RNA silencing and affect antiviral defense reactions connected to ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis pathways. Viral perturbations of host methionine homeostasis couple trans-sulfuration and gluthathione biosynthesis pathways to MTC functions. Large multiprotein complexes, which contain viral proteins and MTC enzymes, may represent metabolons assembled for specific viral functions or host defense responses. Proper understanding of the MTC-associated metabolic and regulatory interactions will reveal those with potential to create virus resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Mäkinen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Sciences Center, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Swarnalok De
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Sciences Center, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Vieira DDSS, Emiliani G, Bartolini P, Podda A, Centritto M, Luro F, Del Carratore R, Morillon R, Gesteira A, Maserti B. A L-type lectin gene is involved in the response to hormonal treatment and water deficit in Volkamer lemon. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:94-99. [PMID: 28802186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combination of biotic and abiotic stress is a major challenge for crop and fruit production. Thus, identification of genes involved in cross-response to abiotic and biotic stress is of great importance for breeding superior genotypes. Lectins are glycan-binding proteins with a functions in the developmental processes as well as in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. In this work, a lectin like gene, namely ClLectin1, was characterized in Volkamer lemon and its expression was studied in plants exposed to either water stress, hormonal elicitors (JA, SA, ABA) or wounding to understand whether this gene may have a function in the response to multiple stress combination. Results showed that ClLectin1 has 100% homology with a L-type lectin gene from C. sinensis and the in silico study of the 5'UTR region showed the presence of cis-responsive elements to SA, DRE2 and ABA. ClLectin1 was rapidly induced by hormonal treatments and wounding, at local and systemic levels, suggesting an involvement in defence signalling pathways and a possible role as fast detection biomarker of biotic stress. On the other hand, the induction of ClLectin1 by water stress pointed out a role of the gene in the response to drought. The simultaneous response of ClLectin1 expression to water stress and SA treatment could be further investigated to assess whether a moderate drought stress may be useful to improve citrus performance by stimulating the SA-dependent response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayse Drielly Sousa Santana Vieira
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Emiliani
- CNR-Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Paola Bartolini
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Alessandra Podda
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- CNR-Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - François Luro
- UMR AGAP - INRA de Corse, équipe APMV, 20230 San Giuliano, France
| | - Renata Del Carratore
- CNR-Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Area della Ricerca Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa,Italy
| | - Raphaël Morillon
- UMR AGAP - CIRAD, équipé APMV - Station de Roujol, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadaloupe, France
| | | | - Biancaelena Maserti
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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Kumar D, Rampuria S, Singh NK, Kirti PB. A novel zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase 2 from Arachis diogoi, expressed in resistance responses against late leaf spot pathogen, induces cell death when transexpressed in tobacco. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:200-10. [PMID: 27047748 PMCID: PMC4794784 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (AdZADH2) was significantly upregulated in a wild peanut, Arachis diogoi treated with conidia of late leaf spot (LLS) pathogen, Phaeoisariopsis personata. This upregulation was not observed in a comparative analysis of cultivated peanut, which is highly susceptible to LLS. This zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase possessed a Rossmann fold containing NADB domain in addition to the MDR domain present in all previously characterized plant ADH genes/proteins. Transient over-expression of AdZADH2 under an estradiol inducible promoter (XVE) resulted in hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death in tobacco leaf. However, the same level of cell death was not observed when the domains were transiently expressed individually. Cell death observed in tobacco was associated with overexpression of cell death related proteins, antioxidative enzymes such as SOD, CAT and APX and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. In A. diogoi, AdZADH2 expression was significantly upregulated in response to the plant signaling hormones salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and sodium nitroprusside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
| | - Sakshi Rampuria
- Department of Plant Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
| | - Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
| | - Pulugurtha B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
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Jain A, Singh A, Singh S, Singh V, Singh HB. Comparative proteomic analysis in pea treated with microbial consortia of beneficial microbes reveals changes in the protein network to enhance resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 182:79-94. [PMID: 26067380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial consortia may provide protection against pathogenic ingress via enhancing plant defense responses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PJHU15, Trichoderma harzianum TNHU27 and Bacillus subtilis BHHU100 were used either singly or in consortia in the pea rhizosphere to observe proteome level changes upon Sclerotinia sclerotiorum challenge. Thirty proteins were found to increase or decrease differentially in 2-DE gels of pea leaves, out of which 25 were identified by MALDI-TOF MS or MS/MS. These proteins were classified into several functional categories including photosynthesis, respiration, phenylpropanoid metabolism, protein synthesis, stress regulation, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism and disease/defense-related processes. The respective homologue of each protein identified was trapped in Pisum sativum and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to check the ancestry. The proteomic view of the defense response to S. sclerotiorum in pea, in the presence of beneficial microbes, highlights the enhanced protection that can be provided by these microbes in challenged plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Jain
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Vinay Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Harikesh Bahadur Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Marone D, Russo MA, Laidò G, De Vita P, Papa R, Blanco A, Gadaleta A, Rubiales D, Mastrangelo AM. Genetic basis of qualitative and quantitative resistance to powdery mildew in wheat: from consensus regions to candidate genes. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:562. [PMID: 23957646 PMCID: PMC3765315 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat. The objective of this study was to identify the wheat genomic regions that are involved in the control of powdery mildew resistance through a quantitative trait loci (QTL) meta-analysis approach. This meta-analysis allows the use of collected QTL data from different published studies to obtain consensus QTL across different genetic backgrounds, thus providing a better definition of the regions responsible for the trait, and the possibility to obtain molecular markers that will be suitable for marker-assisted selection. Results Five QTL for resistance to powdery mildew were identified under field conditions in the durum-wheat segregating population Creso × Pedroso. An integrated map was developed for the projection of resistance genes/ alleles and the QTL from the present study and the literature, and to investigate their distribution in the wheat genome. Molecular markers that correspond to candidate genes for plant responses to pathogens were also projected onto the map, particularly considering NBS-LRR and receptor-like protein kinases. More than 80 independent QTL and 51 resistance genes from 62 different mapping populations were projected onto the consensus map using the Biomercator statistical software. Twenty-four MQTL that comprised 2–6 initial QTL that had widely varying confidence intervals were found on 15 chromosomes. The co-location of the resistance QTL and genes was investigated. Moreover, from analysis of the sequences of DArT markers, 28 DArT clones mapped on wheat chromosomes have been shown to be associated with the NBS-LRR genes and positioned in the same regions as the MQTL for powdery mildew resistance. Conclusions The results from the present study provide a detailed analysis of the genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. The study of the Creso × Pedroso durum-wheat population has revealed some QTL that had not been previously identified. Furthermore, the analysis of the co-localization of resistance loci and functional markers provides a large list of candidate genes and opens up a new perspective for the fine mapping and isolation of resistance genes, and for the marker-assisted improvement of resistance in wheat.
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Wu L, Han Z, Wang S, Wang X, Sun A, Zu X, Chen Y. Comparative proteomic analysis of the plant-virus interaction in resistant and susceptible ecotypes of maize infected with sugarcane mosaic virus. J Proteomics 2013; 89:124-40. [PMID: 23770298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is an important viral pathogen and has caused serious losses in grain and forage yield. To identify candidate SCMV resistance proteins and to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the plant-SCMV interaction, we conducted proteomic analyses of leaf samples from resistant and susceptible ecotypes of maize infected with SCMV. Proteins were analyzed by quantitative two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), and 93 protein spots showed statistically significant differences after virus inoculation. Functional categorization showed that SCMV-responsive proteins were mainly involved in energy and metabolism, stress and defense responses, photosynthesis, and carbon fixation. The majority of the identified proteins were located in chloroplast and cytoplasm based on bioinformatic analysis. Among these identified proteins, 17 have not been identified previously as virus-responsive proteins, and 7 were new and did not have assigned functions. Western blotting analyses confirmed the expression patterns of proteins of specific interest, and the genes encoding these proteins were further analyzed by real-time PCR. The results of this study showed overlapping and specific proteomic responses to SCMV infection between resistant and susceptible maize ecotypes. This study provides further insight into the molecular events during compatible and incompatible interactions between viruses and host plants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is an important viral pathogen and has caused serious losses in grain and forage yield. However, little is known about host-SCMV interactions from the proteome perspective. This study analyzed proteomic changes in resistant and susceptible plants that are infected with SCMV using DIGE based proteomics. We identified 17 proteins that have not been identified previously as virus-responsive proteins, and 7 new proteins without assigned functions. These proteins are interesting candidates for future research, as they may be associated with new biological functions and play important roles in plant-virus interactions. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of genes encoding several proteins of interest provided indication on whether the changes in protein abundance were regulated at the mRNA level. The results of this study showed overlapping and specific proteomic responses to SCMV infection between resistant and susceptible ecotypes. After inoculation, the proteins involved in energy and metabolism, stress and defense responses, photosynthesis and other four functional groups showed significant changes in both ecotypes, which suggested that SCMV infection influenced these physiological processes in both the resistant Siyi and the susceptible Mo17. However, the oxidative burst was more pronounced during incompatible plant-SCMV interactions, as compared to those defined as compatible. We also observed an increase of enzymes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways in the resistant maize ecotype Siyi, while decrease in the susceptible maize ecotype Mo17. In addition, there is a marked increase of guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta submit in the resistant Siyi, which suggests a possible involvement of G-protein associated pathways in the resistant responses of maize to SCMV. These observations may possibly reveal protein targets/markers that are useful in the design of future diagnosis or plant protection strategies and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuji Wu
- Henan Agricultural University and Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Rodrigues JCV, Childers CC. Brevipalpus mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae): vectors of invasive, non-systemic cytoplasmic and nuclear viruses in plants. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2013; 59:165-175. [PMID: 23203501 PMCID: PMC3545198 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multi-directional interactions occur among plant hosts, Brevipalpus mites and the plant viruses they transmit. Such interactions should be considered when evaluating the severity of a disease such as citrus leprosis. The current understanding of Brevipalpus-transmitted viruses relies on the capability of the vector to transmit the disease, the persistence of the virus in the host plant and the ability of the disease to spread. Previously, we discussed the Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) and its importance and spread over the past decade into new areas of South and Central America, most recently into southern Mexico and Belize. Here, we address key questions to better understand the biology of the mite vector, fitness costs, and the peculiarities of Brevipalpus mite reproduction, virus survival, transmissibility and spread, and the expansion of the host plant range of Brevipalpus species vectoring the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues
- Crops and AgroEnvironmental Sciences Department, Agricultural Experimental Station-Río Piedras, University of Puerto Rico, 1193 Calle Guayacan, San Juan, PR 00926, USA.
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Andrade DJ, Falconi RS, Siqueira DS, Barbosa CL, Ferraudo AS, Oliveira CAL. The influence of citrus rootstocks on the relationship between the mite Brevipalpus phoenicis and citrus leprosis disease. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:81-7. [PMID: 22807324 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosis is one of the most serious citrus plant diseases. Leprosis-affected plants, especially sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], which is the most widely cultivated citrus fruit worldwide, show reduced photosynthetic capacity and severe defoliation. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) vector mite and citrus leprosis disease in Pera sweet orange plants grafted on different rootstocks. Data were analysed using numerical classification and conventional statistical analysis (ANOVA). RESULTS Both viruliferous and non-viruliferous B. phoenicis populations increased in number on plants maintained at low soil water content. Among the evaluated rootstocks, Sunki mandarin proved least favourable for mite population increase. Furthermore, the viruliferous mite population increased more rapidly than the non-viruliferous mite population. CONCLUSION The Cleopatra rootstock showed low variability in leaf nitrogen content, low mite number and low leprosis severity, thereby producing the most favourable results. Under appropriate moisture conditions, the Sunki rootstock produced the best results, showing the least severe leprosis. Rangpur lime rootstock grown in soil with varying water content showed the greatest variation in foliar nitrogen content, mite number and severity of leprosis and is considered to be the most difficult rootstock to manage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Andrade
- State University of São Paulo, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Enrique R, Siciliano F, Favaro MA, Gerhardt N, Roeschlin R, Rigano L, Sendin L, Castagnaro A, Vojnov A, Marano MR. Novel demonstration of RNAi in citrus reveals importance of citrus callose synthase in defence against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:394-407. [PMID: 20809929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is an economically important fruit crop that is severely afflicted by citrus canker, a disease caused by the bacterial phytopathogen, Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). GenBank houses a large collection of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) enriched with transcripts generated during the defence response against this pathogen; however, there are currently no strategies in citrus to assess the function of candidate genes. This has greatly limited research as defence signalling genes are often involved in multiple pathways. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) as a functional genomics tool to assess the function of candidate genes involved in the defence response of Citrus limon against the citrus canker pathogen. Double-stranded RNA expression vectors, encoding hairpin RNAs for citrus host genes, were delivered to lemon leaves by transient infiltration with transformed Agrobacterium. As proof of principle, we have established silencing of citrus phytoene desaturase (PDS) and callose synthase (CalS1) genes. Phenotypic and molecular analyses showed that silencing vectors were functional not only in lemon plants but also in other species of the Rutaceae family. Using silencing of CalS1, we have demonstrated that plant cell wall-associated defence is the principal initial barrier against Xanthomonas infection in citrus plants. Additionally, we present here results that suggest that H₂O₂ accumulation, which is suppressed by xanthan from Xcc during pathogenesis, contributes to inhibition of xanthan-deficient Xcc mutant growth either in wild-type or CalS1-silenced plants. With this work, we have demonstrated that high-throughput reverse genetic analysis is feasible in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Enrique
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha, Rosario, Argentina
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Kundu S, Chakraborty D, Pal A. Proteomic analysis of salicylic acid induced resistance to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus in Vigna mungo. J Proteomics 2011; 74:337-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maserti BE, Del Carratore R, Croce CMD, Podda A, Migheli Q, Froelicher Y, Luro F, Morillon R, Ollitrault P, Talon M, Rossignol M. Comparative analysis of proteome changes induced by the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and methyl jasmonate in citrus leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:392-402. [PMID: 20926159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Citrus plants are currently facing biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, the characterization of molecular traits involved in the response mechanisms to stress could facilitate selection of resistant varieties. Although large cDNA microarray profiling has been generated in citrus tissues, the available protein expression data are scarce. In this study, to identify differentially expressed proteins in Citrus clementina leaves after infestation by the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, a proteome comparison was undertaken using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The citrus leaf proteome profile was also compared with that of leaves treated over 0-72h with methyl jasmonate, a compound playing a key role in the defense mechanisms of plants to insect/arthropod attack. Significant variations were observed for 110 protein spots after spider mite infestation and 67 protein spots after MeJA treatments. Of these, 50 proteins were successfully identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry. The majority constituted photosynthesis- and metabolism-related proteins. Five were oxidative stress associated enzymes, including phospholipid glutathione peroxidase, a salt stressed associated protein, ascorbate peroxidase and Mn-superoxide dismutase. Seven were defense-related proteins, such as the pathogenesis-related acidic chitinase, the protease inhibitor miraculin-like protein, and a lectin-like protein. This is the first report of differentially regulated proteins after T. urticae attack and exogenous MeJA application in citrus leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Maserti
- CNR-IBF, Istituto di BioFisica, Area della Ricerca, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
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Marques JP, Kitajima EW, Freitas-Astúa J, Appezzato-da-Glória B. Comparative morpho-anatomical studies of the lesions caused by citrus leprosis virus on sweet orange. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2010; 82:501-11. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652010000200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The leprosis disease shows a viral etiology and the citrus leprosis virus is considered its etiologic agent. The disease may show two types of cytopatologic symptom caused by two virus: nuclear (CiLV-N) and cytoplasmic (CiLV-C) types. The aim of this study was to compare the morpho-anatomical differences in the lesions caused by leprosis virus-cytoplasmic and nuclear types in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck 'Pêra'. Leaf and fruit lesions were collected in Piracicaba/São Paulo (cytoplasmic type) and Monte Alegre do Sul/São Paulo and Amparo/São Paulo (nuclear type). The lesions were photographed and then fixed in Karnovsky solution, dehydrated in a graded ethylic series, embedded in hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate resin (Leica Historesin), sectioned (5 μm thick), stained and mounted in synthetic resin. The digital images were acquired in a microscope with digital video camera. Leaf and fruit lesions caused by the two viruses were morphologically distinct. Only the lesion caused by CiLV-N virus presented three well-defined regions. In both lesions there was the accumulation of lipidic substances in necrotic areas that were surrounded by cells with amorphous or droplets protein. Only leaf and fruit lesions caused by CiLV-N virus exhibited traumatic gum ducts in the vascular bundles.
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Bastianel M, Novelli VM, Kitajima EW, Kubo KS, Bassanezi RB, Machado MA, Freitas-Astúa J. Citrus Leprosis: Centennial of an Unusual Mite-Virus Pathosystem. PLANT DISEASE 2010; 94:284-292. [PMID: 30754248 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-94-3-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marinês Bastianel
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdenice M Novelli
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karen S Kubo
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos A Machado
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil and Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
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