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Brown AJ, Scoley G, O'Connell N, Gordon A, Lawther K, Huws SA, Morrison SJ. Pre-Weaned Calf Rearing on Northern Irish Dairy Farms-Part 2: The Impact of Hygiene Practice on Bacterial Levels in Dairy Calf Rearing Environments. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061109. [PMID: 36978649 PMCID: PMC10044673 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-weaned dairy calves are very susceptible to disease in the first months of life due to having a naïve immune system and because of the numerous physiological stressors they face. Hygiene management is a key element in minimizing enteric disease risk in calves by reducing their exposure to pathogens. Samples of milk, concentrate feed and drinking water, boot swabs of bedding and swabs of feed equipment were collected from 66 dairy farms as part of a survey of calf rearing practice and housing design. All the samples were cultured to determine total viable counts (TVC), total coliforms (TCC) and Escherichia coli as indicators of hygiene. Target ranges for levels of TVC, TCC and E. coli were defined from the literature and the sample results compared against them. The TVC targets in milk, MR and water were <4.0 log10 CFU/mL. TCC and E. coli targets of <1.1 log10 CFU/mL (the detection limit) were used for milk, MR, concentrate feed and feeding equipment. For water, the TCC and E. coli targets were <1.0 log10 CFU/100 mL. The targets used for bedding boot swabs were <6.3 log10 TVC CFU/mL and <5.7 log10 TCC or E. coli CFU/mL. Farm management factors were included as fixed effects in a generalized linear mixed model to determine the probability of samples being within each hygiene indicator target range. Milk replacer samples obtained from automatic feeders were more likely to be within the TVC target range (0.63 probability) than those prepared manually (0.34) or milk samples taken from the bulk tank (0.23). Concentrate feed samples taken from buckets in single-calf pens were more likely to have E. coli detected (0.89) than samples taken from group pen troughs (0.97). A very small proportion of water samples were within the indicator targets (TVC 9.8%, TCC 6.0%, E. coli 10.2%). Water from self-fill drinkers had a lower likelihood of being within the TVC target (0.03) than manually filled buckets (0.14), and water samples from single pens were more likely to be within TCC target ranges (0.12) than those from group pens (0.03). However, all self-fill drinkers were located in group pens so these results are likely confounded. Where milk feeders were cleaned after every feed, there was a greater likelihood of being within the TVC target range (0.47, compared with 0.23 when not cleaned after every feed). Detection of coliforms in milk replacer mixing utensils was linked with reduced probability of TVC (0.17, compared with 0.43 when coliforms were not detected) and TCC (0.38, compared with 0.62), which was within target in feeders. Key factors related to increased probability of bedding samples being within TCC target range were use of group calf pens (0.96) rather than single-calf pens (0.80), use of solid floors (0.96, compared with 0.76 for permeable floors) and increased space allowance of calves (0.94 for pens with ≥2 m2/calf, compared with 0.79 for pens with <2 m2/calf). Bedding TVC was more likely to be within the target range in group (0.84) rather than in single pens (0.66). The results show that hygiene levels in the calf rearing environment vary across farms and that management and housing design impact hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Brown
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, BT26 6DR Hillsborough, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, Ireland
| | - Gillian Scoley
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, BT26 6DR Hillsborough, Ireland
| | - Niamh O'Connell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, Ireland
| | - Alan Gordon
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, BT9 5PX Belfast, Ireland
| | - Katie Lawther
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, Ireland
| | - Sharon A Huws
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, Ireland
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Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from Smallholder Poultry Droppings in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070973. [PMID: 35884227 PMCID: PMC9311501 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing risk of antibiotic resistance (AR) in smallholder poultry (SP). This study, therefore, aimed to investigate AR pattern of bacterial isolates from SP in the Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. A total of 120 fresh poultry droppings were aseptically collected, randomly, from two tropically adapted (FUNAAB Alpha and Noiler) and local chickens. The chickens were raised either using ethnoveterinary medicines (n = 60) or antibiotics (n = 60). Bacterial isolates were characterized and analyzed using standard protocols, and appropriate statistical tools. Compared to Pseudomonas spp. (2.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (5.8%), Salmonella spp. (57.5%) and Escherichia coli (34.2%) were the most prevalent (χ2 = 96.67; p < 0.001). Prevalence of bacterial species was significantly (p = 0.024; Odds Ratio = 2.552) influenced by antibiotics usage. All four species were multi-drug resistant. In total, 30% of the isolates had a multiple AR index ≥ 0.2. Bacterial isolates from FUNAAB Alpha (58.0%) and Noiler (44.0%) were highly resistant to quinolones, while isolates from the local chickens (22.6%) were most resistant to aminoglycosides. Bacterial species isolated from FUNAAB Alpha and local chickens exhibited the lowest and highest percentage of AR, respectively. Clustering of isolates with similar antibiogram revealed inter-species dependence with possibility for inter-species gene transfer. These findings provide a background to investigate the metagenomics of local and improved chickens for AR.
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Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Broiler Chicken in the West Region of Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:4180336. [PMID: 35722039 PMCID: PMC9203226 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4180336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. The emergence of multidrug-resistant food-borne pathogens of animal origin including Enterobacteriaceae is a growing concern. Identifying and monitoring resistance in isolates from human-related environments are of clinical and epidemiological significance in containing antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to contribute towards the fight against antibiotic resistance and ameliorate the management/treatment of Enterobacteriaceae-linked diseases in Cameroon. Methods. Cloacal swabs from healthy broilers were enriched in buffered-peptone-water and cultured on EMB agar. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested on Mueller-Hinton-Agar by disc diffusion. Plasmid-borne genes for extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and resistance to Quinolones (PMQR) and Aminoglycosides were detected by standard endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. A total of 394 isolates were identified belonging to 12 Enterobacteriaceae genera, the most prevalent were Escherichia coli (81/394 = 20.56%), Salmonella spp (74/394 = 18.78%), and Klebsiella spp (39/394 = 9.90%) respectively. Overall, 84/394 (21.32%) were ESBL producers, 164/394 (41.62%) were resistant to quinolones, 66/394 (16.75%) resistant to aminoglycosides with 44.0% (173/394) expressing MDR phenotype. Poor hygiene practice (OR 2.55, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.89,
) and rearing for >45 days, (OR = 7.98, 95% CI: 5.05, 12.6,
) were associated with increased carriage of MDR. Plasmid-borne resistance genes were detected in 76/84 (90.48%) of ESBL-producing isolates, 151/164 (92.07%) quinolone resistant isolates and 59/66 (89.39%) aminoglycoside resistant isolates with co-occurrence of two or more genes per isolate in 58/84 (69.05%) of ESBLs, 132/164 (80.49%) of quinolone resistant isolates and 28/66 (42.42%) of aminoglycoside resistant isolates. Conclusion. This study found high carriage and widespread distribution of Enterobacteriaceae with ESBL and MDR in broiler chicken in the West Region of Cameroon. Most PMQR genes in bacteria were found at levels higher than is seen elsewhere, representing a risk in the wider human community.
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Association between farm biosecurity practices and antimicrobial usage on commercial chicken farms in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Prev Vet Med 2021; 196:105500. [PMID: 34583293 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Commercial broiler and layer farming represents an important livestock industry in Bangladesh. Adequate biosecurity practices are considered to be an effective method to prevent infectious disease occurrence on commercial poultry farms, but antimicrobials are also frequently administered to reduce disease risk. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 57 commercial layer and 83 broiler farms in eight subdistricts of the Chattogram district in Bangladesh to investigate the relationship between implemented biosecurity practices and the use of antimicrobials on these farms. We used a causal diagram framework to inform multi-level mixed effects logistic regression models to explore the total and direct effects of biosecurity practices implemented on commercial farms on prophylactic versus therapeutic antimicrobial usage on these farms. Overall, inadequate biosecurity was more common on broiler compared to layer farms and on farms rearing smaller flock sizes. For example, separation of sick from healthy birds was more common on layer farms (85.2 %, 46/54) compared to broiler farms (38.6 %, 32/83) (p = 0.001). Prophylactic administration (compared to therapeutic use) of antimicrobials was less common on farms that were separating sick birds from the healthy birds (total and direct effect OR = 0.1, 95 % CI: 0.1-0.6, p = 0.006) and less common on farms that used a poorer quality source of water for drinking, cooling, cleaning, and washing (total and direct effect OR = 0.3, 95 % CI: 0.1-0.9, p = 0.036). In contrast, farmers that used washing facilities (versus non-usage of washing facilities) were more likely to administer antimicrobials prophylactically (total and direct effect OR = 3.9, 95 % CI: 1.3-11.3, p = 0.012). The null model ICC indicated significant clustering at the subdistrict level (ICC = 0.20, 95 % CI: 0.04-0.60, p = 0.013), but the ICC was reduced after including flock size and farm type, and the biosecurity practices as fixed effects (ICC = 0.14, 95 % CI: 0.02-0.59, p = 0.0661). Overall, our study highlighted that a large proportion of commercial chicken farmers mediated poor biosecurity practices by prophylactic application of antimicrobials. The results of our research can be used to inform awareness programs for commercial poultry farmers emphasizing the importance of improving biosecurity rather than using antimicrobials to reduce the risk of poultry disease occurrence.
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Wan Y, Ma R, Chai L, Du Q, Yang R, Qi R, Liu W, Li J, Li Y, Zhan K. Determination of bacterial abundance and communities in the nipple drinking system of cascading cage layer houses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19169. [PMID: 34580331 PMCID: PMC8476603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Water quality is critical for egg production and animal health in commercial layer housing systems. To investigate microbial contamination in nipple drinking system in layer houses, the bacterial abundance and communities in water pipes and V-troughs on different tiers (e.g., 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th tiers) of a layer house with 8 overlapping cage tiers were determined using qRT-PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. The water bacterial abundance (i.e., genome 16S rDNA copy number, WBCN) in water pipes and V-troughs did not significantly differ among tiers, but they were 46.77 to 1905.46 times higher in V-troughs than that in water pipes (P < 0.05) for each tier. Illumina sequencing obtained 1,746,303 effective reads from 24 water samples in V-troughs of 4 tiers (six samples from each tier). Taxonomic analysis indicated that the 1st and 5th tiers were predominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while the 3rd and 7th tiers were predominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The top four genera were Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Rothia and Comamonas among measured tiers. The high bacterial abundance and bacterial OTUs of water in the V-troughs reflect poor water quality, which may adversely affect growth and health of laying hens. Therefore, it is suggested that water quality in the V-tough should be checked more frequently in commercial layer houses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ruiyu Ma
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Lilong Chai
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Qiang Du
- Anhui Sundaily Village Ecological Food Co., Ltd., Tongling, 244100, China
| | - Rongbin Yang
- Anhui Sundaily Village Ecological Food Co., Ltd., Tongling, 244100, China
| | - Renrong Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Junying Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yan Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Kai Zhan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei, 230031, China.
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ELSaidy N, Kirella A, El-Kassas S, Dawood MAO, Abouelenien F. Reducing the Abundance of Harmful Bacteria of Rooftop Tank-Stored Drinking Water Using Silver Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid and Its Impact on Japanese Quail Growth Performances. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3062-3072. [PMID: 33034010 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the microbial diversity of rooftop tank-stored drinking water consumed by Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and acetic acid (AC) and their mixture. Japanese quails (2 weeks old) of two different plumage colors, white and brown, were divided into four groups. In group 1 (control), birds received rooftop tank-stored water. In groups 2, 3, and 4, birds received rooftop tank-stored water treated with AC (0.5 mL/L), AgNPs (0.1 mg/L), or both AC and AgNPs. A reduction in the total coliform count was observed for AgNP- and AC-treated water after 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 5 days (P < 0.05). Growth rates and feed intake in both white- and brown-feathered quails were also increased using both AC and AgNPs (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in water consumption was observed in the brown-feathered quails, whereas the white-feathered quails drank more water (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, serum parameters remained unchanged in the white-feathered quails using both AC or/and AgNP purifiers (P > 0.05), whereas brown-feathered quails receiving water treated with AC or both AC and AgNPs displayed a significant increase in serum total protein and hemoglobin compared with quails receiving water treated with AgNPs alone or non-treated water (P < 0.05). Cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly increased when using both AC or/and AgNP purifiers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both AgNPs and AC are recommended as efficient purifiers to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and to increase the growth performance and health condition of white- and brown-feathered Japanese quail birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagham ELSaidy
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Abeer Kirella
- Poultry Physiology, Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Abouelenien
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
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Effect of Acetic Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate Supplemented to Drinking Water on Water Quality, Growth Performance, Organ Weights, Cecal Traits and Hematological Parameters of Young Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071865. [PMID: 34201537 PMCID: PMC8300354 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate supplemented to drinking water on water quality, growth performance, relative organ weights, cecal traits and hematological parameters of broilers, a total of 456 one-day-old Cobb MV × Cobb 500 FF mixed broilers were randomly placed in three experimental treatments, with four replicates per treatment and 38 birds per replicate, for 10 days. The treatments consisted of the use of acetic acid (0.4%; T1) as acidifier, an apparently neutral pH (T2) and sodium bicarbonate (1%; T3) as alkalizer of the drinking water. T3 showed the highest values (p < 0.05) for total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, salinity and pH. T1 and T2 showed the same productive response (p > 0.05); however, T3 decreased (p < 0.05) body weight, feed intake and the relative weight of the pancreas and immune organs and increased (p < 0.05) water intake, mortality and relative weight of the heart and liver. Likewise, T3 increased (p < 0.05) the cecal pH, although without changes for the cecal lactic cecal bacteria count and blood parameters (p > 0.05). The acid pH of the drinking water had no effect on the biological response of broilers compared to T2; however, the T3 provoked high mortality, ascites, low productivity and abnormal growth of some organs.
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Hoseinzadeh F, Ghaemi M, Sharifiyazdi H, Hachesoo BA. Class 1 integron causes vulnerability to formaldehyde in Escherichia coli. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4509-4515. [PMID: 34148112 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the relationships of integron 1 element, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and orfF genes with the level of formaldehyde resistance of isolated E. coli were investigated. E. coli bacteria were isolated from apparently healthy and colibacillosis-affected broilers of Fars Province, Iran. Formaldehyde resistance level and the presence of genetic markers were measured using MIC, and PCR tests, respectively. The prevalence of integron 1 element, orfF, and formaldehyde dehydrogenase genes in E. coli isolates were 61%, 8%, and 94%, respectively. In addition, according to our cut off definition, 15% and 85% of isolates were resistant and sensitive to formaldehyde, respectively. None of the genes had a statistically significant relationship with the formaldehyde resistance; however, the isolates containing integron 1 were significantly more sensitive to formaldehyde in the MIC test than those without integron 1. Integron 1 gene cassette could carry some bacterial surface proteins and porins with different roles in bacterial cells. Formaldehyde could also interfere with the protein functions by alkylating and cross-linking, and this compound would affect bacterial cell surface proteins in advance. Through an increase in the cell surface proteins, the presence of integron 1 gene cassette might make E. coli more sensitive to formaldehyde. As integron 1 was always involved in increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants such as QACs, this is the first report of bacterial induction of sensitivity to a disinfectant through integron 1. Finally, integron 1 does not always add an advantage to E. coli bacteria, and it could be assumed as a cause of vulnerability to formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Hoseinzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghaemi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Abdi Hachesoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Ahmed MFE, Abd El-Wahab A, Kriewitz JP, Hankel J, Chuppava B, Ratert C, Taube V, Visscher C, Kamphues J. Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:874. [PMID: 33919578 PMCID: PMC8073070 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influences of different flooring designs and feed particle sizes on the spread of Salmonella (S.) in broiler chickens. Birds (n = 480) were allocated to four different housing systems (fully littered with and without floor heating, partially and fully slatted flooring with sand bath) and two dietary treatments (finely and coarsely ground diets) in 24 boxes. Two broilers per box were experimentally infected with S. Enteritidis (8.00 log10 CFU/bird) at d 17. Salmonella prevalence in caecal contents and the liver was highest in broilers housed on fully slatted floor until d 36/37 (88.1% and 91.5%, respectively), and lowest in litter flooring (caecal content 64.4%) and litter flooring with floor heating (liver 61.7%). In turn, broilers on littered flooring expressed the lowest Salmonella counts in caecal content at d 36/37 (2.21 ± 1.75 log10 CFU/g), partial slatted flooring the highest (3.76 ± 1.46 log10 CFU/g). The mean Salmonella count in the caecal content was significantly lower for birds fed a coarsely ground diet (0.96 and 1.94 log10 CFU/g) than a finely ground diet (5.07 and 3.34 log10 CFU/g) at d 23 and d 36/37, respectively (p < 0.0001). Slatted flooring with a sand bath did not show advantages in terms of Salmonella reduction, whereas the coarsely ground diet markedly reduced the spread of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F. E. Ahmed
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan-Philip Kriewitz
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Christine Ratert
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Venja Taube
- BEST 3 Geflügelernährung GmbH, D-27239 Twistringen, Germany;
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
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Bhardwaj DK, Taneja NK, Dp S, Chakotiya A, Patel P, Taneja P, Sachdev D, Gupta S, Sanal MG. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm forming, antimicrobial resistant, pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from Indian dairy and meat products. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 336:108899. [PMID: 33160121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli are commensal gastrointestinal microflora of humans, but few strains may cause food-borne diseases. Present study aimed to identify antimicrobial resistant (AMR), biofilm-forming E. coli from Indian dairy and meat products. A total of 32 E. coli isolates were identified and evaluated for biofilm-formation. EMC17, an E. coli isolate was established as a powerful biofilm-former that attained maximum biofilm-formation within 96 h on glass and stainless-steel surfaces. Presence and expression of virulence-associated genes (adhesins, invasins and polysaccharides) and ability to adhere and invade human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell lines implicates EMC17 to be pathotype belonging to Extra-intestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Antibiotic profiling of EMC17 identified it as multi-drug resistant (MDR) strain, possessing extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL's) and biofilm phenotype. Early production of quorum sensing molecules (AHLs) alongside EPS production facilitated early onset of biofilm formation by EMC17. Furthermore, the biofilm-forming genes of EMC17 were significantly upregulated 3-27 folds in the biofilm-state. This study showed prevalence of MDR, biofilm-forming, pathogenic E. coli in Indian dairy and meat products that potentially serve as reservoirs for transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) genes of bacteria from food to humans and pose serious food safety threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neetu Kumra Taneja
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India.
| | - Shivaprasad Dp
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India
| | - Ankita Chakotiya
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India
| | - Praveen Patel
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India
| | - Pankaj Taneja
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Sachdev
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India
| | - Sarita Gupta
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
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11
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Peichel C, Nair D, Dewi G, Donoghue A, Reed K, Kollanoor Johny A. Effect of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil on the Survival of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg in Contaminated Poultry Drinking Water. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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12
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Hernández-Coronado AC, Silva-Vázquez R, Rangel-Nava ZE, Hernández-Martínez CA, Kawas-Garza JR, Hume ME, Méndez-Zamora G. Mexican oregano essential oils given in drinking water on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3050-3058. [PMID: 30839090 PMCID: PMC6591684 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 Mexican oregano essential oils (MOO), from Poliomintha longiflora Gray (PLG) and Lippia berlandieri Schauer (LBS), in drinking water (DWt) on the performance, slaughter variables, and meat quality of broilers over a 40 D period of growth. A total of 180 non-sexed Ross-308 broilers (1-day-old) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 6 replications each (10 birds per replicate): CON = DWt control (without MOO); PLG = DWt + 400 mg/L of PLG; and LBS = DWt + 400 mg/L of LBS. The CON, PLG, and LBS broilers body weights were similar (P > 0.05) at all times. Feed intake (FI) was different by treatment (P < 0.05) at 7 and 28 D, and water intake (WI) was different (P < 0.05) at day 28. The CON treatment was highest (P < 0.05) at 28 D for FI and WI, whereas LBS was lowest (P < 0.05). Weight gain (WG) for CON, PLG, and LBS broilers was similar (P > 0.05), although WG for CON was slightly higher. In CON broilers, slaughter weight was highest (P < 0.05), but thigh yield was lowest (P < 0.05). The CON and PLG treatments were lower (P < 0.05) in thigh and leg cooking losses. The PLG treatment presented the highest values (P < 0.05) for breast-meat redness, saturation index, shear force, odor, taste, and overall sensory acceptability. The LBS was higher (P < 0.05) for breast-meat shear force, cohesiveness and resilience, but lower (P < 0.05) for sensory attributes. Mexican oregano essential oils at 400 mg/L can serve as natural alternative additives in DWt to improve broiler production and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramón Silva-Vázquez
- Instituto Tecnologico de Parral, Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Bioquimica, Hidalgo del Parral, 33850, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Zayd Eliud Rangel-Nava
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Agronomia, General Escobedo, 66050, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge R Kawas-Garza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Agronomia, General Escobedo, 66050, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Michael E Hume
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, 778445, TX
| | - Gerardo Méndez-Zamora
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Agronomia, General Escobedo, 66050, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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13
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Kumar I, Bhattacharya J. Assessment of the role of silver nanoparticles in reducing poultry mortality, risk and economic benefits. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-00942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Rodrigues SV, Laviniki V, Borges KA, Furian TQ, Moraes HLS, Nascimento VP, Salle CTP. Biofilm Formation by Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli is Not Related to In Vivo Pathogenicity. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:194-199. [PMID: 30515580 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the pathogens that most concerns the poultry industry worldwide due to the economic losses it can cause. APEC persistence and survival, both in the environment and in the host, may be a consequence of biofilm-producing capabilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate APEC strains' biofilm production and its relationship to in vivo pathogenicity. Two hundred thirty-eight APEC isolates from three different origins (broiler bedding material, cellulite lesions, and respiratory diseases) were selected. The in vivo pathogenicity index (PI) was determined. Biofilm formation was evaluated using a microplate assay with analysis of colony morphology in Congo Red agar in order to detect the phenotypic expression of curli fimbriae and cellulose. Regarding biofilm production, it was observed that 55.8% of the strains produced biofilms. In the morphological test, 88.2% of the isolates expressed one or both components at one of the temperatures at least, and 11.8% of the isolates did not express curli or cellulose. Cellulose production was significantly higher at 25 °C. On the other hand, curli production was significantly higher at 37 °C. The study data indicate that there is no association between biofilm production and in vivo pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelle V Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Laviniki
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Karen A Borges
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Thales Q Furian
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hamilton L S Moraes
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vladimir P Nascimento
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos T P Salle
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
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15
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Di Martino G, Piccirillo A, Giacomelli M, Comin D, Gallina A, Capello K, Buniolo F, Montesissa C, Bonfanti L. Microbiological, chemical and physical quality of drinking water for commercial turkeys: a cross-sectional study. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2880-2886. [PMID: 29672773 PMCID: PMC6044312 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Drinking water for poultry is not subject to particular microbiological, chemical and physical requirements, thereby representing a potential transmission route for pathogenic microorganisms and contaminants and/or becoming unsuitable for water-administered medications. This study assessed the microbiological, chemical and physical drinking water quality of 28 turkey farms in North-Eastern Italy: 14 supplied with tap water (TW) and 14 with well water (WW). Water salinity, hardness, pH, ammonia, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, chromium, copper and iron levels were also assessed. Moreover, total bacterial count at 22°C, presence and enumeration of Enterococcus spp. and E. coli, presence of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were quantified. A water sample was collected in winter and in summer at 3 sampling sites: the water source (A), the beginning (B) and the end (C) of the nipple line (168 samples in total). Chemical and physical quality of both TW and WW sources was mostly within the limits of TW for humans. However, high levels of hardness and iron were evidenced in both sources. In WW vs. TW, sulphate and salinity levels were significantly higher, whilst pH and nitrate levels were significantly lower. At site A, microbiological quality of WW and TW was mostly within the limit of TW for humans. However, both sources had a significantly lower microbiological quality at sites B and C. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Kentucky was isolated only twice from WW. Campylobacter spp. were rarely isolated (3.6% of farms); however, Campylobacter spp. farm-level prevalence by real-time PCR was up to 43% for both water sources. Winter posed at higher risk than summer for Campylobacter spp. presence in water, whereas no significant associations were found with water source, site, recirculation system, and turkey age. Low salinity and high hardness were significant risk factors for C. coli and C. jejuni presence, respectively. These results show the need of improving sanitization of drinking water pipelines for commercial turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Giacomelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - D Comin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Gallina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - K Capello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - F Buniolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - C Montesissa
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Bonfanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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16
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Nielsen DW, Klimavicz JS, Cavender T, Wannemuehler Y, Barbieri NL, Nolan LK, Logue CM. The Impact of Media, Phylogenetic Classification, and E. coli Pathotypes on Biofilm Formation in Extraintestinal and Commensal E. coli From Humans and Animals. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:902. [PMID: 29867813 PMCID: PMC5951942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) include avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and are responsible for significant animal and human morbidity and mortality. This study sought to investigate if biofilm formation by ExPEC likely contributes to these losses since biofilms are associated with recurrent urinary tract infections, antibiotic resistance, and bacterial exchange of genetic material. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine differences in biofilm formation among a collection of ExPEC and to ascertain if there is a relationship between their ability to produce biofilms and their assignment to phylogenetic groups in three media types - M63, diluted TSB, and BHI. Our results suggest that ExPEC produce relatively different levels of biofilm formation in the media tested as APEC (70.4%, p = 0.0064) and NMEC (84.4%, p = 0.0093) isolates were poor biofilm formers in minimal medium M63 while UPEC isolates produced significantly higher ODs under nutrient-limited conditions with 25% of strains producing strong biofilms in diluted TSB (p = 0.0204). Additionally, E. coli phylogenetic assignment using Clermont's original and revised typing scheme demonstrated significant differences among the phylogenetic groups in the different media. When the original phylogenetic group isolates previously typed as group D were phylogenetically typed under the revised scheme and examined, they showed substantial variation in their ability to form biofilms, which may explain the significant values of revised phylogenetic groups E and F in M63 (p = 0.0291, p = 0.0024). Our data indicates that biofilm formation is correlated with phylogenetic classification and subpathotype or commensal grouping of E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - James S. Klimavicz
- Interdepartmental Toxicology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tia Cavender
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yvonne Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Nicolle L. Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Lisa K. Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Catherine M. Logue
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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17
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Andino A, Hanning I. Salmonella enterica: survival, colonization, and virulence differences among serovars. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:520179. [PMID: 25664339 PMCID: PMC4310208 DOI: 10.1155/2015/520179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Data indicate that prevalence of specific serovars of Salmonella enterica in human foodborne illness is not correlated with their prevalence in feed. Given that feed is a suboptimal environment for S. enterica, it appears that survival in poultry feed may be an independent factor unrelated to virulence of specific serovars of Salmonella. Additionally, S. enterica serovars appear to have different host specificity and the ability to cause disease in those hosts is also serovar dependent. These differences among the serovars may be related to gene presence or absence and expression levels of those genes. With a better understanding of serovar specificity, mitigation methods can be implemented to control Salmonella at preharvest and postharvest levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Andino
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, 2605 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - I. Hanning
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, 2605 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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18
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Bügener E, Kump AWS, Casteel M, Klein G. Benefits of neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water as a drinking water additive for broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2320-6. [PMID: 25037820 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of discussion about the use of drugs in food-producing farms, it seems to be more and more important to search for alternatives and supportive measures to improve health. In this field trial, the influence of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water on water quality, drug consumption, mortality, and performance parameters such as BW and feed conversion rate was investigated on 2 broiler farms. At each farm, 3 rearing periods were included in the study. With EO water as the water additive, the total viable cell count and the number of Escherichia coli in drinking water samples were reduced compared with the respective control group. The frequency of treatment days was represented by the number of used daily doses per population and showed lower values in EO-water-treated groups at both farms. Furthermore, the addition of EO water resulted in a lower mortality rate. In terms of analyzed performance parameters, no significant differences were determined. In this study, the use of EO water improved drinking water quality and seemed to reduce the drug use without showing negative effects on performance parameters and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bügener
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany WEK Veterinary Practice, Lohe 13, 49429 Visbek, Germany
| | | | - M Casteel
- WEK Laboratory, Lohe 13, D-49429 Visbek, Germany
| | - G Klein
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Quichimbo C, . JQ, . DRS, . CLC, . SG, . FC. Effect of Nipple Type Drinker Height on Productive Parameters of Broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2013.144.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Garcia RG, Almeida PICL, Caldara FR, Nääs IA, Pereira DF, Freitas LW, Schwingel AW, Lima NDS, Graciano JD. Effect of the litter material on drinking water quality in broiler production. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2010000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RG Garcia
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, MS
| | | | - FR Caldara
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, MS
| | - IA Nääs
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, MS
| | | | | | | | - NDS Lima
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
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21
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Gama N, Ângela HD, Freitas E, Guastalli E, Togashi C, Buim M. DESEMPENHO DE POEDEIRAS COMERCIAIS CONSUMINDO ÁGUA FILTRADA. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v76p3472009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do fornecimento de água filtrada na dessedentação de aves, foram utilizadas cem poedeiras comerciais brancas com 30 semanas de idade alojadas em gaiolas equipadas com bebedouros tipo nipple, divididos em três ciclos de 21 dias cada. O delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado foi constituído por dois tratamentos com fornecimento de água não filtrada e água filtrada e dez repetições de cinco aves por parcela. Foram coletados dados para avaliação do desempenho tais como: porcentagem de postura, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar e para análise bacteriológica: coliformes fecal e total. Para avaliar a qualidade de ovos foram feitas as seguintes análises: gravidade específica, peso médio dos ovos, massa de ovos e porcentagem de casca. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à analise de variância e teste F a 5% de significância. As aves que receberam água filtrada apresentaram maior percentagem de postura, maior número de ovos por ave alojada, maior massa de ovo e melhor conversão alimentar. A qualidade dos ovos não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos, no entanto, as análises realizadas constataram que a purificação da água pelo sistema de filtração melhorou a qualidade bacteriológica da água utilizada na dessedentação das aves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.M.S.Q. Gama
- Instituto Biológico, Centro Avançando de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio Avícola, Brasil
| | | | | | - E.L. Guastalli
- Instituto Biológico, Centro Avançando de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio Avícola, Brasil
| | | | - M.R. Buim
- Instituto Biológico, Centro Avançando de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio Avícola, Brasil
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