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Jayan B, Krishnan M, Saraswathy S, Gupta S, Agarwal M, Sahai K. Multicentric evaluation of conventional dosimetry vs bio-dosimetry over a period of two years for a three-point contact. Med J Armed Forces India 2023; 79:378-385. [PMID: 37441291 PMCID: PMC10334216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental radiology represents the best model for evaluating the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation. Therefore, this study evaluated the awareness on radiation hygiene among dental ancillary personnel through a questionnaire and their absorbed doses by physical and biologic dosimetry. Methods The multicentric study included two groups. Group I (N = 30) consisted of dental staff involved in dental radiology. An equal number of personnel who were not related to radiology formed the control group. Knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P) of participants were assessed using a KAP questionnaire. Radiation exposure was evaluated by physical dosimetry at 3 time periods: at the beginning of the study (T1), after 10 months (T2), and at the end after 20 months (T3). Similarly, biologic dosimetry was also carried out at 3 time points by dicentric chromosome aberration assay. The data were compared using percentage analysis, analysis of variance (one-way analysis of variance), and Student's t- test. Results The KAP survey demonstrated enhanced understanding of radiation protection measures and its sound practice by the participants. Physical dosimetry showed a significant increase in absorbed dose at 3 time points: T1, T2, and T3. However, no chromosomal aberrations were observed in blood lymphocytes for any of the participants in the optimized 4-day biodosimetry protocol. Conclusion Good radiation protection protocols-safe distance from the radiation source and wear of lead aprons and thyroid collars-ensured low absorbed doses. The 4-day protocol is an important step toward developing biodosimetry laboratories in the Armed Forces Medical Services for clinical and national radiation countermeasure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Jayan
- Commandant, Army Dental Centre, (Research & Referral), Delhi Cantt, India
| | - Manu Krishnan
- Commanding Officer & Classified Specialist (Orthodontics), 17 Corps Dental Unit, C/o 99 APO, India
| | - Seema Saraswathy
- Faculty (Biochemistry), Army College of Medical Sciences (ACMS), Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Senior Research Fellow (Dental Research & Implantology), Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Associate Professor (Lab Sciences), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, India
| | - Kavita Sahai
- Deputy Commandant, Command Hospital (Northern Command), C/o 56 APO, India
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Arbo MD, Garcia SC, Sarpa M, Da Silva Junior FM, Nascimento SN, Garcia ALH, Da Silva J. Brazilian workers occupationally exposed to different toxic agents: A systematic review on DNA damage. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 879-880:503519. [PMID: 35914865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to different toxic agents is very important, especially considering the association between these exposures in a chronic context and DNA damage. Assessing biomarkers of exposure and, when possible, early biomarkers of effect, contributes to elucidating the potential toxic mechanisms involved in genotoxicity and its contribution to chronic non-communicable diseases. In Brazil, the biggest country in South America, workers are exposed to hazardous physical and chemical agents. Considering that these exposures occur, in most cases, throughout the worker's whole life, this is an important public health concern in Brazil. Therefore, this systematic review aims to analyze occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and the association with DNA damage in studies carried out in Brazil from 1980 to 2021. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in different databases based on occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and DNA damage. Only full articles on studies that investigated experimental evidence on occupational exposure in Brazil and assessed DNA damage were included, amounting to 89 articles. Five main occupational exposure groups were identified: pesticides (36%), organic solvents (20%), dust and particles (16%), metals (11%), and ionizing radiation (6%). Another group called "others" included studies (11%) that did not fall into these main groups. It was found that comet assay and micronucleus tests are the most adopted methods to detect DNA damage. Occupational exposures were most associated with DNA damage. However, further improvements in study design would be needed to better characterize the association between biomonitoring and DNA damage, particularly to account for confounding factors.
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El-Benhawy SA, El-Tahan RA, Nakhla SF. Exposure to Radiation During Work Shifts and Working at Night Act as Occupational Stressors Alter Redox and Inflammatory Markers. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:76-83. [PMID: 33039210 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of breast cancer etiology suggest evidence that night shift working and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) are defined risk factors for breast cancer development. There are few studies to clarify neuroendocrine and inflammatory status and the possible consequences particularly in occupational exposure. AIM OF THE STUDY Our aim was to associate the redox and inflammatory biomarkers with either nightshift working or occupational radiation exposure, and to compare their levels between the two groups at Alexandria University Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt. METHODS We included 150 female nurses at Alexandria University Hospitals: 50 nightshift workers, 50 radiation workers, and 50 dayshift workers as a control group (neither work nightly nor radiation workers). In morning serum sample (7 am), we measured the concentrations of serum melatonin, Cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by ELISA; malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels colorimetrically, and C-reactive protein (C-RP) levels by turbidimetric method. RESULTS Nightshift workers had significantly lower levels of melatonin and TAC, and higher levels of serum inflammatory markers and cortisol, than day shift control group of workers. Workers occupationally exposed to IR had significantly higher levels of serum melatonin, MDA and inflammatory markers, lower levels of serum cortisol, and lower TAC than day shift workers. CONCLUSION Occupational exposure to IR and working nightly alter circulating redox and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A El-Benhawy
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha A El-Tahan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sameh F Nakhla
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Prasad A, Visweswaran S, Kanagaraj K, Raavi V, Arunan M, Venkatachalapathy E, Paneerselvam S, Jose M, Ozhimuthu A, Perumal V. 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning: Biological effects on patients: Entrance surface dose, DNA damage, and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 838:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim YJ, Cha ES, Lee WJ. Occupational radiation procedures and doses in South Korean dentists. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 44:476-84. [PMID: 27146959 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dentistry is among the occupations involving chronic exposure to ionizing radiation. Although several cohort studies on medical radiation workers have been conducted in some countries, only a few epidemiological studies on dentists have been performed to examine occupational radiation exposure worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate occupational characteristics and radiation exposures in South Korean dentists. METHODS A total of 658 dentists were surveyed from April 2012 to May 2013, and survey data were linked with dosimetry data from the National Dose Registry. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between demographic or occupational factors and individual radiation doses. RESULTS Of the dentists sampled, 78% were men, 51% were younger than age 40, and 61% began employment after 2000. The most frequent procedures performed by dentists were panoramic radiography, followed by intraoral and portable dental radiography. Male dentists were more frequently involved in radiation procedures, and a higher proportion of male than female dentists wore a lead apron for diagnostic radiology. The average annual effective dose was 0.18 mSv for male and 0.13 mSv for female dentists. Female dentists working in provincial areas had significantly higher average annual and cumulative effective doses than those in metropolitan areas. The cumulative effective doses were significantly greater for older dentists, those who entered the field in the 1990s, and those with longer employment duration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided detailed information on work practices, number of procedures performed on a weekly basis, and occupational radiation doses, which enabled in-depth evaluation of occupational radiation exposure and work status among dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ji Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Shil Cha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Sadatullah S, Dawasaz AA, Luqman M, Assiry AA, Almeshari AA, Togoo RA. Radiation risk assessment in professionals working in dental radiology area using buccal micronucleus cytome assay. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:1024-7. [PMID: 24858744 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of micronuclei (MN) in buccal mucosal cells of professionals working in radiology area to determine the risk of stochastic effects of radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the professionals and students working in King Khalid University - College of Dentistry radiology area were included in the Risk Group (RG = 27). The Control Group (CG = 27) comprised of healthy individual matching the gender and age of the RG. Buccal mucosal scraping from all the 54 subjects of RG and CG were stained with Papanicolaou stain and observed under oil immersion lens (×100) for the presence of micronuclei (MN) in the exfoliated epithelial cells. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the incidence of MN in RG and CG (p = >0.05) using t-test. CONCLUSION Routine radiation protection protocol does minimize the risk of radiation induced cytotoxicity, however, screening of professionals should be carried out at regular intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sadatullah
- Assistant Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia, Phone: 00966502584456, e-mail: dr.sadat@ hotmail.com
| | - Ali Azhar Dawasaz
- Assistant Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Master Luqman
- Assistant Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Assiry
- Demonstrator, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry University of Najran, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Almeshari
- Demonstrator, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Najran Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafi Ahmad Togoo
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Saberi A, Salari E, Latifi SM. Cytogenetic analysis in lymphocytes from radiation workers exposed to low level of ionizing radiation in radiotherapy, CT-scan and angiocardiography units. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 750:92-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Barbosa de Souza F, Silva CHV, Guenka Palma Dibb R, Sincler Delfino C, Carneiro de Souza Beatrice L. Bonding performance of different adhesive systems to deproteinized dentin: Microtensile bond strength and scanning electron microscopy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005; 75:158-67. [PMID: 16015618 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Deproteinization has been shown to optimize dentin bonding, but differences in adhesive composition should be considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentin deproteinization on microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of four total-etch adhesive systems (Single Bond/SB, Prime & Bond NT/PB, One Coat Bond/OC, and PQ1/PQ). The ultrastructure of the resin-dentin interfaces was also examined using scanning electron microscopy. Tukey's multiple-comparison tests indicated that PB and PQ produced significantly higher microTBS (p<0.05) after dentin deproteinization (PB=61.53 MPa, PQ=58.18 MPa). This treatment provided statistically lower results for SB (39.08 MPa), but the microTBS of OC to dentin was unaffected by dentin deproteinization. The bonding performance on deproteinized dentin surfaces depended on the characteristics of each adhesive system, as well as the adhesive dentin specificity to the oxidant effect of sodium hypochlorite. Incorporation of fillers in the adhesive, a possible self-etching action, and the presence of a volatile solvent (acetone) were the main factors for a better union between the adhesive system and deproteinized substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Barbosa de Souza
- Department of Prosthesis and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rêgo, S/N, CDV-PE, Brazil, CEP 50670-901.
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Jacobs R, Vanderstappen M, Bogaerts R, Gijbels F. Attitude of the Belgian dentist population towards radiation protection. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2004; 33:334-9. [PMID: 15585812 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/22185511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a survey of private dental offices in Belgium and gain insight in the knowledge and attitude of Belgian dentists towards quality care in radiography and radiation protection. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed among 700 Belgian dental offices, which were included based on demographic data and the use of intraoral radiographic equipment. RESULTS The response rate was 71%. Implementation of standards for quality care and radiation protection was suboptimal. In most offices, exposure settings of the intraoral radiation tube were 65 kV/kVp to 70 kV/kVp and 10 mA to 12 mA, with an average exposure time of 0.45 s. No reduction of exposure time was noticed when using faster film types. About one-third of the responders worked with digital image receptors. Aiming devices and rectangular collimation were used in a minority of practices (40% and 6%, respectively). The distance of the dentist to the radiation tube during exposure was on average 2.2 m, although 8% of the dentists assisted in holding the image receptor inside the patient's mouth. One quarter of the dentists were standing behind a wall when taking radiographs. Lead aprons were worn more often by female dentists. Dose estimation revealed that male dentists received a significantly larger effective dose per year than female dentists (8.3 mSv vs 3.2 mSv). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of standards of quality care for radiography and radiation protection could be improved among Belgian dentists. An elaborate educational programme in dental radiography is a prerequisite. Furthermore, recommendations could help to attain a change in attitude towards the use of ionizing radiation in order to meet European guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jacobs
- Oral Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.
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