1
|
Anthony MA, Crowther TW, van der Linde S, Suz LM, Bidartondo MI, Cox F, Schaub M, Rautio P, Ferretti M, Vesterdal L, De Vos B, Dettwiler M, Eickenscheidt N, Schmitz A, Meesenburg H, Andreae H, Jacob F, Dietrich HP, Waldner P, Gessler A, Frey B, Schramm O, van den Bulk P, Hensen A, Averill C. Forest tree growth is linked to mycorrhizal fungal composition and function across Europe. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1327-1336. [PMID: 35001085 PMCID: PMC9038731 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most trees form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) which influence access to growth-limiting soil resources. Mesocosm experiments repeatedly show that EMF species differentially affect plant development, yet whether these effects ripple up to influence the growth of entire forests remains unknown. Here we tested the effects of EMF composition and functional genes relative to variation in well-known drivers of tree growth by combining paired molecular EMF surveys with high-resolution forest inventory data across 15 European countries. We show that EMF composition was linked to a three-fold difference in tree growth rate even when controlling for the primary abiotic drivers of tree growth. Fast tree growth was associated with EMF communities harboring high inorganic but low organic nitrogen acquisition gene proportions and EMF which form contact versus medium-distance fringe exploration types. These findings suggest that EMF composition is a strong bio-indicator of underlying drivers of tree growth and/or that variation of forest EMF communities causes differences in tree growth. While it may be too early to assign causality or directionality, our study is one of the first to link fine-scale variation within a key component of the forest microbiome to ecosystem functioning at a continental scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Anthony
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sietse van der Linde
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, National Reference Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin I Bidartondo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Filipa Cox
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pasi Rautio
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Marco Ferretti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bruno De Vos
- Environment & Climate Unit, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Mike Dettwiler
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Eickenscheidt
- State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia, 45657, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmitz
- State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia, 45657, Recklinghausen, Germany
- Thuenen Institut of Forest Ecosystems, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Jacob
- Sachsenforst State Forest, 01796, Pirna OT Graupa, Germany
| | | | - Peter Waldner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Beat Frey
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schramm
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pim van den Bulk
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research at Petten, 1755LE, Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Hensen
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research at Petten, 1755LE, Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Averill
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Vaario LM, Xia Y, Matsushita N, Geng Q, Tsuruta M, Kurokochi H, Lian C. The effects of co-colonising ectomycorrhizal fungi on mycorrhizal colonisation and sporocarp formation in Laccaria japonica colonising seedlings of Pinus densiflora. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:207-218. [PMID: 30953171 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forest trees are colonised by different species of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi that interact competitively or mutualistically with one another. Most ECM fungi can produce sporocarps. To date, the effects of co-colonising fungal species on sporocarp formation in ECM fungi remain unknown. In this study, we examined host plant growth, mycorrhizal colonisation, and sporocarp formation when roots of Pinus densiflora are colonised by Laccaria japonica and three other ECM fungal species (Cenococcum geophilum, Pisolithus sp., and Suillus luteus). Sporocarp numbers were recorded throughout the experimental period. The biomass, photosynthetic rate, and mycorrhizal colonisation rate of the seedlings were also measured at 45 days, 62 days, and 1 year after seedlings were transplanted. Results indicated that C. geophilum and S. luteus may negatively impact mycorrhizal colonisation and sporocarp formation in L. japonica. Sporocarp formation in L. japonica was positively correlated with conspecific mycorrhizal colonisation but negatively correlated with the biomass of seedlings of P. densiflora. The co-occurring ECM fungi largely competed with L. japonica, resulting in various effects on mycorrhizal colonisation and sporocarp formation in L. japonica. A variety of mechanisms may be involved in the competitive interactions among the different ECM fungal species, including abilities to more rapidly colonise root tips, acquire soil nutrients, or produce antibiotics. These mechanisms need to be confirmed in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Lu-Min Vaario
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Norihisa Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Qifang Geng
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Momi Tsuruta
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurokochi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Obase K, Douhan GW, Matsuda Y, Smith ME. Revisiting phylogenetic diversity and cryptic species of Cenococcum geophilum sensu lato. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:529-540. [PMID: 26968743 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Cenococcum geophilum Fr. (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) is one of the most common ectomycorrhizal fungi in boreal to temperate regions. A series of molecular studies has demonstrated that C. geophilum is monophyletic but a heterogeneous species or a species complex. Here, we revisit the phylogenetic diversity of C. geophilum sensu lato from a regional to intercontinental scale by using new data from Florida (USA) along with existing data in GenBank from Japan, Europe, and North America. The combination of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene resolved six well-supported lineages (87-100 % bootstrap values) that are closely related to each other and a seventh lineage that is phylogenetically distinct. A multi-locus analysis (small subunit (SSU), large subunit (LSU), translational elongation factor (TEF), and the largest and second-largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2)) revealed that the divergent lineage is the sister group to all other known Cenococcum isolates. Isolates of the divergent lineage grow fast on nutrient media and do not form ectomycorrhizas on seedlings of several pine and oak species. Our results indicate that C. geophilum sensu lato includes more phylogenetically distinct cryptic species than have previously been reported. Furthermore, the divergent lineage appears to be a non-mycorrhizal sister group. We discuss the phylogenetic diversity of C. geophilum sensu lato and argue in favor of species recognition based on phylogenetic and ecological information in addition to morphological characteristics. A new genus and species (Pseudocenococcum floridanum gen. et sp. nov.) is proposed to accommodate a divergent and putatively non-mycorrhizal lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Obase
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Microbiology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 2517 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0680, USA.
| | - Greg W Douhan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Cooperative Extension Advisor, Tulare Co., University of California, Tulare, CA, 93274, USA
| | - Yosuke Matsuda
- Laboratory of Forest Pathology and Mycology, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurimamachiya 1577, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 2517 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0680, USA
| |
Collapse
|