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Kuddus M, Roohi, Bano N, Sheik GB, Joseph B, Hamid B, Sindhu R, Madhavan A. Cold-active microbial enzymes and their biotechnological applications. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14467. [PMID: 38656876 PMCID: PMC11042537 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms known as psychrophiles/psychrotrophs, which survive in cold climates, constitute majority of the biosphere on Earth. Their capability to produce cold-active enzymes along with other distinguishing characteristics allows them to survive in the cold environments. Due to the relative ease of large-scale production compared to enzymes from plants and animals, commercial uses of microbial enzyme are alluring. The ocean depths, polar, and alpine regions, which make up over 85% of the planet, are inhabited to cold ecosystems. Microbes living in these regions are important for their metabolic contribution to the ecosphere as well as for their enzymes, which may have potential industrial applications. Cold-adapted microorganisms are a possible source of cold-active enzymes that have high catalytic efficacy at low and moderate temperatures at which homologous mesophilic enzymes are not active. Cold-active enzymes can be used in a variety of biotechnological processes, including food processing, additives in the detergent and food industries, textile industry, waste-water treatment, biopulping, environmental bioremediation in cold climates, biotransformation, and molecular biology applications with great potential for energy savings. Genetically manipulated strains that are suitable for producing a particular cold-active enzyme would be crucial in a variety of industrial and biotechnological applications. The potential advantage of cold-adapted enzymes will probably lead to a greater annual market than for thermo-stable enzymes in the near future. This review includes latest updates on various microbial source of cold-active enzymes and their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kuddus
- Department of Biochemistry, College of MedicineUniversity of HailHailSaudi Arabia
| | - Roohi
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of BioengineeringIntegral UniversityLucknowIndia
| | - Naushin Bano
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of BioengineeringIntegral UniversityLucknowIndia
| | | | - Babu Joseph
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityShaqraSaudi Arabia
| | - Burhan Hamid
- Center of Research for DevelopmentUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food TechnologyTKM Institute of TechnologyKollamKeralaIndia
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- School of BiotechnologyAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AmritapuriKollamKeralaIndia
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Chen G, Zhang K, Tang W, Li Y, Pang J, Yuan X, Song X, Jiang L, Yu X, Zhu H, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang X. Feed nutritional composition affects the intestinal microbiota and digestive enzyme activity of black soldier fly larvae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184139. [PMID: 37293219 PMCID: PMC10244541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Using black soldier fly larvae (BSFLs) to treat food waste is one of the most promising environmental protection technologies. Methods We used high-throughput sequencing to study the effects of different nutritional compositions on the intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes of BSF. Results Compared with standard feed (CK), high-protein feed (CAS), high-fat feed (OIL) and high-starch feed (STA) had different effects on the BSF intestinal microbiota. CAS significantly reduced the bacterial and fungal diversity in the BSF intestinal tract. At the genus level, CAS, OIL and STA decreased the Enterococcus abundance compared with CK, CAS increased the Lysinibacillus abundance, and OIL increased the Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and Bacillus abundances. Diutina, Issatchenkia and Candida were the dominant fungal genera in the BSFL gut. The relative abundance of Diutina in the CAS group was the highest, and that of Issatchenkia and Candida in the OIL group increased, while STA decreased the abundance of Diutina and increased that of Issatchenkia. The digestive enzyme activities differed among the four groups. The α-amylase, pepsin and lipase activities in the CK group were the highest, and those in the CAS group were the lowest or the second lowest. Correlation analysis of environmental factors showed a significant correlation between the intestinal microbiota composition and digestive enzyme activity, especially α-amylase activity, which was highly correlated with bacteria and fungi with high relative abundances. Moreover, the mortality rate of the CAS group was the highest, and that of the OIL group was the lowest. Discussion In summary, different nutritional compositions significantly affected the community structure of bacteria and fungi in the BSFL intestinal tract, affected digestive enzyme activity, and ultimately affected larval mortality. The high oil diet gave the best results in terms of growth, survival and intestinal microbiota diversity, although the digestive enzymes activities were not the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenli Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
| | - Junyi Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Xiangbin Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji'nan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Arya PS, Yagnik SM, Rajput KN, Panchal RR, Raval VH. Valorization of agro-food wastes: Ease of concomitant-enzymes production with application in food and biofuel industries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127738. [PMID: 35940324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The novel and greener approach toward the co-production of hydrolytic enzymes in a single-cultivation medium with inexpensive substrates can bring down the production costs. Likewise, the natural and industrial organic biomass/solid are all nutritionally rich substrates waiting for free use in industries such as food, biofuel, etc. Valorization must broaden its applications in industries and households with a step towards a sustainable environment. The biofuel approach can be projected as one of the most promising deputations to meet future energy demands, in reduction of the environmental pollution due to excessive fossil fuel consumption. The present review highlights the multifaceted stature of microbial enzymes in this direction and possible implications mainly in the food industry and biofuel with the global impact of similar bio-based industries. In this review, design scale-up, fermentation cost, energy needs,and agro-food waste management have been meticulously delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Arya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Shivani M Yagnik
- Department of Microbiology, Christ College, Vidya Niketan, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Kiransinh N Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Rakeshkumar R Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Vikram H Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
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Agarase, Amylase and Xylanase from Halomonas meridiana: A Study on Optimization of Coproduction for Biomass Saccharification. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coproduction of multienzymes from single potential microbe has captivated contemplation in industries. Bacterial strain, Halomonas meridiana VITSVRP14, isolated from seaweed was labored to produce amylase, agarase and xylanase conjointly using submerged fermentation. The optimum production conditions clinched by classical optimization were: pH 8; 1.5% inoculum; 24 h incubation, 40 °C; 8% NaCl (sodium chloride); 1% lactose and NaNO3 (sodium nitrate). The preponderant variables (pH, temperature, lactose) and their interaction effect on enzyme production were studied by Plackett-Burman design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). There were 3.29, 1.81 and 2.08 fold increase in enzyme activity with respect to agarase, amylase and xylanase after optimization against basal medium. After 24 h of enzymatic treatment, the saccharification rates of the coproduced enzyme mixture were 38.96% on rice bran, 49.85% on wheat bran, 61.2% on cassava bagasse and 57.82% on corn cob. Thus, the coproduced enzyme mixture from a bacterium with halotolerance is plausible in pretreated lignocellulose degradation. The ability of this single microbe Halomonas meridiana VITSVRP14, in coproducing agarase, amylase and xylanase give the nod for its application in biomass saccharification by subsiding cost, energy and time involved in the process.
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Haloalkaline Lipase from Bacillus flexus PU2 Efficiently Inhibits Biofilm Formation of Aquatic Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:664-674. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xiao Y, Liu YD, Yuan G, Mao RQ, Li G. An uncharacterized protein from the metagenome with no obvious homology to known lipases shows excellent alkaline lipase properties and potential applications in the detergent industry. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2311-2325. [PMID: 34698972 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel lipase, Lip486, which has no obvious homology with known lipases, was discovered using functional metagenomics technology. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that the enzyme belongs to a new subfamily called lipolytic enzyme family II. To explore the enzymatic properties, lip486 was expressed heterologously and efficiently in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme displayed the highest activity on the substrate p-nitrophenyl caprate with a carbon chain length of 10, and its optimum temperature and pH were 53 °C and 8.0, respectively. The recombinant Lip486 showed good activity and stability in strong alkaline and medium-low-temperature environments. The results of compatibility and soaking tests showed that the enzyme had good compatibility with 4 kinds of commercial detergents, and an appropriate soaking time could further improve the enzyme activity. Oil stain removal test results for a cotton cloth indicated that the washing performance of commercial laundry detergent supplemented with Lip486 was further improved. In addition, as one of the smallest lipases found to date, Lip486 also has the advantages of high yield, good stability and easy molecular modification. These characteristics reflect the good application prospects for Lip486 in the detergent and other industries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-De Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Solihin J, Waturangi DE, Purwadaria T. Induction of amylase and protease as antibiofilm agents by starch, casein, and yeast extract in Arthrobacter sp. CW01. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:232. [PMID: 34425755 PMCID: PMC8381481 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In unfavourable environment, such as nutrient limitation, some bacteria encased themselves into a three dimensional polymer matrix called biofilm. The majority of microbial infections in human are biofilm related, including chronic lung, wound, and ear infections. The matrix of biofilm which consists of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) causes bacterial colonization on medical implanted device in patients, such as catheter and lead to patient's death. Biofilm infections are harder to treat due to increasing antibiotic resistance compared to planktonic microbial cells and escalating the antibiotic concentration may result into in vivo toxicity for the patients. Special compounds which are non-microbicidal that could inhibit or destroy biofilm formation are called antibiofilm compounds, for example enzymes, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-adhesins. Arthrobacter sp. CW01 produced antibiofilm compound known as amylase. This time our preliminary study proved that the antibiofilm compound was not only amylase, but also protease. Therefore, this research aimed to optimize the production of antibiofilm agents using amylase and protease inducing media. The five types of production media used in this research were brain heart infusion (BHI) (Oxoid), BHI with starch (BHIS), casein with starch (CS), yeast extract with starch (YS), and casein-yeast extract with starch (CYS). Biofilm eradication and inhibition activities were assayed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27,853) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25,923). RESULTS The results showed that different production media influenced the antibiofilm activity. Addition of starch, casein and yeast extract increased the production of amylase and protease significantly. Higher amylase activity would gradually increase the antibiofilm activity until it reached the certain optimum point. It was shown that crude extracts which contained amylase only (BHI, BHIS and YS) had the optimum eradication activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm around 60-70 %. Meanwhile, CS and CYS crude extracts which contained both amylase and protease increased the biofilm eradication activity against both pathogens, which were around 70-90 %. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the combination of amylase and protease was more effective as antibiofilm agents against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus rather than amylase only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrine Solihin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Master Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Tresnawati Purwadaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Santos AF, Souza TFO, Freire DMG, Seldin L, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Halobacillus blutaparonensis Strain M9 as a Source of Extracellular Serine Peptidases with Properties for Biotechnological Purposes. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Niyonzima FN. Detergent-compatible fungal cellulases. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 66:25-40. [PMID: 33184763 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Detergent enzymes are currently added to all powder and liquid detergents that are manufactured. Cellulases, lipases, amylases, and proteases are used in the detergency to replace toxic phosphates and silicates and to reduce high energy consumption. This makes the use of enzymes in detergent formulation cost effective. Fungi are producers of important extracellular enzymes for industrial use. The fungal and bacterial cellulases maintain the shape and color of the washed garments. There is a high demand for cellulases at the market by detergent industries. With this high demand, genetic engineering has been a solution due to its high production of detergent-compatible cellulases. Fungi are the famous source for detergent-compatible cellulases production, but still, there is a lack of the cost-effective process of alkaline fungal cellulase production. Review papers on detergent-compatible bacterial cellulase and amylase and detergent-compatible fungal and bacterial proteases and lipases are available, but there is no review on detergent fungal cellulases. This review aims to highlight the production, properties, stability, and compatibility of fungal cellulases. It will help other academic and industrial researchers to study, produce, and commercialize the fungal cellulases with good aspects.
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Sahu R, Meghavarnam AK, Janakiraman S. Response surface methodology: An effective optimization strategy for enhanced production of nitrile hydratase (NHase) by Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6). Heliyon 2020; 6:e05111. [PMID: 33088939 PMCID: PMC7560586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase is an enzyme which catalyze the hydration of nitriles into amide and their role as catalysts for acrylamide production in industries are well known. The present study aims at statistically optimizing physiological and nutritional parameters for NHase production from Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6). The effect of incubation period, temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of NHase was investigated by one factor at a time strategy. Further optimization process was carried out by response surface methodology for studying the interactive effect of these variables using central composite design. The optimized levels of variables obtained by statistical analysis were: incubation period 48 h, temperature 33 °C, pH 7.0, glycerol 1% and urea 0.75%, which resulted in maximum NHase production. The results of ANOVA were significant with the F-value of the model being 296.78, value of R 2 is 0.9983 and the lack of fit test was not significant. The contour and response surface plots showed significant interaction between the variables. The NHase yield was enhanced up to 6.22 fold by statistical optimization using RSM. Thus, the developed experimental design is effective towards process optimization for NHase production from R. rhodochrous (RS-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sahu
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, 560056, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Savitha Janakiraman
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, 560056, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Sharma E, Gulati A, Gulati A. Statistical optimization of culture conditions of mesophillic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus altitudinis IHB B1644. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:262. [PMID: 32477849 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a key enzyme in production of several γ-glutamyl compounds with food and pharmaceutical applications. Bacterial GGTs are not commercially available in the market owing to their low production from various sources. Thus, the study was focused on achieving the higher GGT production from B. altitudinis IHB B1644 by optimizing the culture conditions using one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) strategy. A mesophillic temperature of 28 °C, agitation 200 rpm and neutral pH 7 were found to be optimal for higher GGT titre. Among the medium components, the monosaccharide glucose served as the best carbon source over disaccharides, and yeast extract was the preferred organic nitrogen source over inorganic nitrogen sources. The statistical approaches (Plakett-Burman and response surface methodology) were further employed for the optimization of medium components. Medium composition: 0.1% w/v glucose, 0.3% w/v yeast extract, 0.03% w/v magnesium sulphate, 0.20% w/v potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2.5% w/v sodium chloride with inoculum size (1% v/v) was suitable for higher GGT titres (449 U ml-1). Time kinetics showed the stability of enzyme up to 96 h of incubation suggesting its application in the industrial use. The proposed strategy resulted in 2.6-fold increase in the GGT production compared to that obtained in the unoptimized medium. The results demonstrated that RSM was fitting to identify the optimum production conditions and this finding should be of great importance for commercial GGT production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Sharma
- 1Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), PO Box 6, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
- 2Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - Arvind Gulati
- 3Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, PO Box 6, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Ashu Gulati
- 1Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), PO Box 6, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
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Nair GR, Raja SS. Climate and Soil Properties Influence Species Diversity of Soil Bacillus Community in India. Microbiol Insights 2018; 11:1178636118810366. [PMID: 30505149 PMCID: PMC6259070 DOI: 10.1177/1178636118810366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus is an important genus as it is a source for antibiotics, enzymes, and probiotics. Therefore, several studies are targeted on this genus in order to understand its diversity abundance in different soil environments. In present study, we investigated the diversity of Bacillus at species level using culturable approach in soils collected at different climatic zones of India and identified 20 prominent members of genus Bacillus species that are able to grow in different media types under same culture conditions. Results also showed that the species diversity of Bacillus changes according to the soil microenvironment under the influence of different climatic conditions. As a pilot study using culturable approach, we made an attempt to investigate the shift in Bacillus species diversity present in the Indian soils experiencing a climatic gradient over a large geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish R Nair
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University Constituent College, Perambalur, India
| | - Suresh Ss Raja
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University Constituent College, Perambalur, India
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Niyonzima FN. Detergent-compatible bacterial cellulases. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 59:134-147. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francois N. Niyonzima
- Department of Biotechnologies; Faculty of Applied Fundamental Sciences; INES-Ruhengeri Rwanda
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Furini G, Berger JS, Campos JAM, Sand STVANDER, Germani JC. Production of lipolytic enzymes by bacteria isolated from biological effluent treatment systems. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:2955-2965. [PMID: 30304227 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the production of lipolytic complexes, produced by microorganisms isolated from a biological treatment system of effluents from a hotel. To select the best lipolytic microorganism for use in biotechnological processes, we tested 45 bacterial isolates recovered from the raw effluent of the hotel's restaurant waste tank. Lipase production was assayed in culture medium supplemented with olive oil and rhodamine B, incubated at 25 °C and 30 °C for 24 h - 48 h. Results showed 22 isolates lipase producers. All isolates were inoculated on medium without yeast extract to select the ones with highest enzyme yields. Out of these, nine isolates showed high lipase activity. The strain with the larger halo was assayed in submerged culture using an orbital shaker and a bioreactor, with three different substrates (olive oil, grape seed oil, and canola oil). Isolate G40 identified as Acinetobacter baylyi was selected to run the production assays because it showed the best result in the solid medium. In the bioreactor, maximum lipase production was obtained after 12 h of culture with the three substrates evaluated: 0,358 U/mL.min-1 in olive oil, 0,352 U/mL.min-1 with grapeseed oil, and 0,348 U/mL.min-1 with canola oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciane Furini
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jussara S Berger
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José A M Campos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sueli T VAN DER Sand
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José C Germani
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Zhang J, Wang PC, Fang L, Zhang QA, Yan CS, Chen JY. Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria from Mushroom Residues and their Effect on Tomato Plant Growth Promotion. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:57-65. [DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1234993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is a major essential macronutrient for plant growth, and most of the phosphorus in soil remains in insoluble form. Highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can be used to increase phosphorus in the plant rhizosphere. In this study, 13 isolates were obtained from waste mushroom residues, which were composed of cotton seed hulls, corn cob, biogas residues, and wood flour. NBRIP solid medium was used for isolation according to the dissolved phosphorus halo. Eight isolates produced indole acetic acid (61.5%), and six isolates produced siderophores (46.2%). Three highest phosphate-dissolving bacterial isolates, namely, M01, M04, and M11, were evaluated for their beneficial effects on the early growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. Wanza 15). Strains M01, M04, and M11 significantly increased the shoot dry weight by 30.5%, 32.6%, and 26.2%, and root dry weight by 27.1%, 33.1%, and 25.6%, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and phylogenetic positions, strains M01 and M04 belonged to the genus Acinetobacter, and strain M11 belonged to the genus Ochrobactrum. The findings suggest that waste mushroom residues are a potential resource of plant growth-promoting bacteria exhibiting satisfactory phosphate-solubilizing for sustainable agriculture.
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Ricci A, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, Girones R, Herman L, Koutsoumanis K, Lindqvist R, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Threlfall J, Wahlström H, Cocconcelli PS, Klein G, Prieto Maradona M, Querol A, Peixe L, Suarez JE, Sundh I, Vlak JM, Aguilera-Gómez M, Barizzone F, Brozzi R, Correia S, Heng L, Istace F, Lythgo C, Fernández Escámez PS. Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04664. [PMID: 32625421 PMCID: PMC7010101 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
EFSA is requested to assess the safety of a broad range of biological agents in the context of notification for market authorisation as sources of food and feed additives, food enzymes and plant protection products. The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) assessment was developed to provide a harmonised generic pre-assessment to support safety risk assessments performed by EFSA's scientific Panels. The safety of unambiguously defined biological agents (at the highest taxonomic unit appropriate for the purpose for which an application is intended), and the completeness of the body of knowledge are assessed. Identified safety concerns for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected as 'qualifications' in connection with a recommendation for a QPS status. The list of QPS recommended biological agents was reviewed and updated in the current opinion and therefore becomes the valid list. The 2016 update reviews previously assessed microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts and viruses used for plant protection purposes following an Extensive Literature Search strategy. The taxonomic units related to the new notifications received since the 2013 QPS opinion, were periodically evaluated for a QPS status and the results published as Statements of the BIOHAZ Panel. Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus diolivorans, Microbacterium imperiale, Pasteuria nishizawae, Pediococcus parvulus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus smithii, Xanthomonas campestris and Candida cylindracea were recommended for the QPS list. All taxonomic units previously recommended for the 2013 QPS list had their status reconfirmed as well their qualifications with the exception of Pasteuria nishizawae for which the qualification was removed. The exclusion of filamentous fungi and enterococci from the QPS evaluations was reconsidered but monitoring will be maintained and the status will be re-evaluated in the next QPS Opinion update. Evaluation of bacteriophages should remain as a case-by-case procedure and should not be considered for QPS status.
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TRISMILAH TRISMILAH, SARNIANTO PRIH, WAHJONO EDI. Optimization of Lipases Production byBacillus licheniformis F11.4 using Response Surface Methodology. MICROBIOLOGY INDONESIA 2016. [DOI: 10.5454/mi.10.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 4: suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2016. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Bindal S, Gupta R. Hyperproduction of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis ER15 in the presence of high salt concentration. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:163-172. [PMID: 27186839 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1188314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial γ-glutamyl transpeptidases (GGTs) have been exploited in biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and food sectors for the synthesis of various γ-glutamyl compounds. But, till date, no bacterial GGTs are commercially available in the market because of lower levels of production from various sources. In the current study, production of GGT from Bacillus licheniformis ER15 was investigated to achieve high GGT titers. RESULTS Hyperproduction of GGT from B. licheniformis ER15 was achieved with 6.4-fold enhancement (7921.2 ± 198.7 U/L) by optimization of culture medium following one-variable-at-a-time strategy and statistical approaches. Medium consisting of Na2HPO4: 0.32% (w/v); KH2PO4: 0.15% (w/v); starch: 0.1% (w/v); soybean meal: 0.5% (w/v); NaCl: 4.0% (w/v), and MgCl2: 5 mM was found to be optimal for maximum GGT titers. Maximum GGT titers were obtained, in the optimized medium at 37°C and 200 rpm, after 40 h. It was noteworthy that GGT production was a linear function of sodium chloride concentration, as observed during response surface methodology. While investigating the role of NaCl on GGT production, it was found that NaCl drastically decreased subtilisin concentration and indirectly increasing GGT recovery. CONCLUSION B. licheniformis ER15 is proved to be a potential candidate for large-scale production of GGT enzyme and its commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bindal
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Delhi , South Campus , New Delhi , India
| | - Rani Gupta
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Delhi , South Campus , New Delhi , India
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Production of Thermoalkaliphilic Lipase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans DA2 and Application in Leather Industry. Enzyme Res 2016; 2016:9034364. [PMID: 26881066 PMCID: PMC4735910 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9034364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic and alkaliphilic lipases are meeting a growing global attention as their increased importance in several industrial fields. Over 23 bacterial strains, novel strain with high lipolytic activity was isolated from Southern Sinai, Egypt, and it was identified as Geobacillus thermoleovorans DA2 using 16S rRNA as well as morphological and biochemical features. The lipase was produced in presence of fatty restaurant wastes as an inducing substrate. The optimized conditions for lipase production were recorded to be temperature 60°C, pH 10, and incubation time for 48 hrs. Enzymatic production increased when the organism was grown in a medium containing galactose as carbon source and ammonium phosphate as nitrogen source at concentrations of 1 and 0.5% (w/v), respectively. Moreover, the optimum conditions for lipase production such as substrate concentration, inoculum size, and agitation rate were found to be 10% (w/v), 4% (v/v), and 120 rpm, respectively. The TA lipase with Triton X-100 had the best degreasing agent by lowering the total lipid content to 2.6% as compared to kerosene (7.5%) or the sole crude enzyme (8.9%). It can be concluded that the chemical leather process can be substituted with TA lipase for boosting the quality of leather and reducing the environmental hazards.
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Hepziba Suganthi S, Ramani K. Microbial assisted industrially important multiple enzymes from fish processing waste: purification, characterization and application for the simultaneous hydrolysis of lipid and protein molecules. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish processing waste (FPW) was evaluated as the substrate for the concomitant production of industrially important alkaline lipase and protease byStreptomyces thermolineatusfor the hydrolysis of lipid and protein rich FPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hepziba Suganthi
- Biomolecules and Biocatalysis Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- SRM University
- India
| | - K. Ramani
- Biomolecules and Biocatalysis Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- SRM University
- India
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Niyonzima FN, More SS. Coproduction of detergent compatible bacterial enzymes and stain removal evaluation. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1149-58. [PMID: 26011283 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Most of the detergents that are presently produced contain the detergent compatible enzymes to improve and accelerate the washing performance by removing tough stains. The process is environment friendly as the use of enzymes in the detergent formulation reduces the utilization of toxic detergent constituents. The current trend is to use the detergent compatible enzymes that are active at low and ambient temperature in order to save energy and maintain fabric quality. As the detergent compatible bacterial enzymes are used together in the detergent formulation, it is important to co-produce the detergent enzymes in a single fermentation medium as the enzyme stability is assured, and production cost gets reduced enormously. The review reports on the production, purification, characterization and application of detergent compatible amylases, lipases, and proteases are available. However, there is no specific review or minireview on the concomitant production of detergent compatible amylases, lipases, and proteases. In this minireview, the coproduction of detergent compatible enzymes by bacterial species, enzyme stability towards detergents and detergent components, and stain release analysis were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois N Niyonzima
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Applied Fundamental Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
| | - Sunil S More
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
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