Caminhada em ambiente aquático e terrestre: revisão de literatura sobre a comparação das respostas neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórias

The beneficial effects of a water-based aerobic exercise session on the blood lipids of women with dyslipidemia are independent of their training status

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the acute effects of a session of water-based aerobic exercise on the blood lipid levels of women with dyslipidemia and to compare these results according to their training status.

METHOD

Fourteen premenopausal women with dyslipidemia, aged 40-50 years, participated in two water-based aerobic exercise sessions, the first when they were generally sedentary and the second after they were trained with a water-based aerobic training program for 12 weeks. Both experimental sessions were performed using the same protocol, lasted 45 min, and incorporated an interval method, alternating 3 min at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 13 and 2 min at an RPE of 9. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lipoprotein lipase enzyme (LPL) were obtained through venous blood collection before and immediately after each session. A generalized estimating equation method and Bonferroni tests were conducted (with time and training status as factors) for statistical analyses.

RESULTS

At enrollment, the mean age of the participants was 46.57 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 44.81-48.34). The statistical analyses showed a significant time effect for all variables (TC: p=0.008; TG: p=0.012; HDL: p<0.001; LPL: p<0.001) except for LDL (p=0.307). However, the training status effect was not significant for any variable (TC: p=0.527; TG: p=0.899; HDL: p=0.938; LDL: p=0.522; LPL: p=0.737). These results indicate that the TC and TG levels reduced and the HDL and LPL concentrations increased from pre- to post-session in similar magnitudes in both sedentary and trained women.

CONCLUSIONS

A single water-based aerobic exercise session is sufficient and effective to beneficially modify the lipid profile of women with dyslipidemia, regardless of their training status.

Short-term respiratory exercise effects, different environments, pulmonary functional and physical capacity in elderly

Abstract Introduction: Aging is often associated with reduced functional capacity (FC) and respiratory muscle strength (RMS). Objective: To verify the short-term aquatic and land-based respiratory exercise effects on RMS, pulmonary function, FC and palmar grip strength (PGS) in healthy elderly women. Methods: A blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted. The sample was composed by 32 elderly women, randomized in two groups: Land-Based Group (LG), and Hydrotherapy Group (HG). Exercise program was performed in two weekly sessions (40 minutes each), during four weeks. Evaluations (anthropometry, manovacuometry and spirometry) were performed; FC by the 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT), and PGS test. All evaluations were performed before and after four-week intervention. Results: About RMS evaluation, there was an improvement in the Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) values from 63.8 ± 19 to 74 ± 20 (p = 0.007) of HG. LG had an increase in forced expiratory flow (FEF) between 25-75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 25-75%) from 82 ± 29 to 101 ± 26 (p = 0.04). There was no statistically significant PGS improvement and walking 6MWT distance in both groups. HG presented lower values of Initial Heart Rate and Diastolic Blood Pressure, both pre (p = 0.006) and post 6MWT (p = 0.041). Conclusion: It may be suggested that, in the short-term, the respiratory exercise aquatic protocol has positive effects on the MEP and cardiovascular parameters in elderly.