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de França FCO, Zandonadi RP, Moreira IMDA, da Silva ICR, Akutsu RDCCDA. Deserts, Swamps and Food Oases: Mapping around the Schools in Bahia, Brazil and Implications for Ensuring Food and Nutritional Security. Nutrients 2024; 16:156. [PMID: 38201985 PMCID: PMC10780992 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Deserts, swamps and food oases terms have been used to characterize the food environment according to the identified food availability. Food swamps are defined as neighborhoods with a predominance of food establishments selling ultra-processed foods compared to establishments selling healthy options. In contrast, food oases are areas with easy access to healthy and nutritious foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and other fresh foods. Food deserts describe densely populated urban areas where residents face difficulty obtaining healthy food. In this context, this work aimed to map deserts, swamps, and food oases around federal schools in Bahia, Brazil, emphasizing the importance of implementing the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE) in these schools, to guarantee food security and nutrition. An ecological study was carried out in all 35 federal schools in Bahia, Brazil, using an 800 m buffer analysis, with the school as the centroid. The geographic coordinates of schools and food establishments were initially obtained using Google Maps and later confirmed onsite. To evaluate food deserts and swamps, the methodology proposed by the CDC was used and the Modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI) was calculated; when the result was equal to zero, the surrounding area was considered a food desert and values between 0.01 and 20 determined food swamps; for values above 20, the neighborhood was classified as mixed. Food oases were considered regions containing at least one supermarket within the analyzed buffer. Descriptive analyses were carried out with frequency measurements, measures of central tendency (mean and median) and dispersion (standard deviation). The food environment of schools was compared considering the number of students impacted, the area where the school was located (urban or rural) and the size of the municipalities. The average number of food establishments found was 22.39 (±13.03), with the highest averages for snack bars (7.33 ± 4.43), grocery stores (5.83 ± 4.09) and restaurants (2.94 ± 2.19). Food deserts and mixed environments were identified in 40% of the sample, while swamps represented 20% and oases 65%. An association was observed between food deserts and social vulnerability, making it necessary to emphasize the importance of adequate implementation of the PNAE in these schools to reduce food and nutritional insecurity, guaranteeing the human right to adequate and healthy food and providing better nutrition and health perspectives within the school environment and impact on students' lives through food and nutrition education actions, which are also part of the context of PNAE activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rita de Cassia Coelho de Almeida Akutsu
- Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia-Augusto Viana, s/n-Palácio da Reitoria, Canela, Salvador 40110-907, Brazil;
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
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Cavalcante JB, de Vasconcelos TM, Sichieri R, Bezerra IN. Evolution of beverage portion sizes consumed in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. Front Public Health 2023; 10:969045. [PMID: 36711356 PMCID: PMC9874149 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.969045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the evolution of beverage portion sizes consumed in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. Methods Data from the dietary surveys of 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 Brazilian Household Budget Surveys, conducted with 34,003 and 46,164 individuals, respectively, were used to analyze the portion size of beverages. Food consumption data were used to group beverages according to nutritional characteristics, type and size of portions into eight groups: high-calorie soft drinks, fruit refreshments, alcoholic beverages, coffee/tea, fruit juices, milk and milk substitutes and ultra-processed milk-based beverages. The two-day food record and recall were considered to analyze the consumed portions. Comparisons between the surveys were done using Chi-Square tests and linear regression models. Results Between 2008 and 2018, the average portion consumed showed a significant increase for the group of alcoholic beverages (+29%), flavored juices (+11%), caloric soft drinks (+8%), milk and milk substitutes (+6%) and fruit juices (+5%); and reduction for the coffee/tea group (-11%). Analyzes by age group showed that among individuals between 20 and 40 years of age, the soft drinks and alcoholic beverage groups showed the greatest increase in portion size, +12 and +44%, respectively. Conclusion The beverage portion sizes consumed in Brazil between 2008 and 2018 increased for the group of alcoholic beverages, flavored juices, caloric soft drinks, milk and milk substitutes, and fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brito Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thais Meirelles de Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ilana Nogueira Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil,*Correspondence: Ilana Nogueira Bezerra ✉
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Bezerra IN, Verde SMML, Almeida BDS, de Azevedo CV. Carbon Footprint of Away-From-Home Food Consumption in Brazilian Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16708. [PMID: 36554589 PMCID: PMC9778906 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally unsustainable diets are often characterized by being high in calories, processed foods, and red meats, characteristics related to away-from-home food (AFHF). The aim of this study is to evaluate if AFHF consumption is related to environmental sustainability. Data of 20,780 adults from 24 h recalls collected in the 2017-2018 Brazilian National Dietary Survey (NDS) were used to estimate carbon footprint coefficients. The mean carbon footprint was estimated among individuals who consumed AFHF and non-consumers. Linear regression models were used to evaluate differences between away-from-home eating and the carbon footprint of the diet, adjusting for age and income. A total of 41% of Brazilians consumed AFHF during the previous day. The mean carbon footprint from foods consumed away from home represented 18% of the total carbon footprint. AFHF was positively associated with increased total carbon footprint (β: 204.1; p-value: 0.0145). In conclusion, the consumption of foods away from home in urban areas of Brazil was associated with atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions independently of age and income. Away-from-home food consumption should be considered to reinforce the influence of diet on individual and planet health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Nogueira Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Ceara State University, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Sara Maria Moreira Lima Verde
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Ceara State University, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Sousa Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Ceara State University, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil
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Dietary Environmental Footprints and Their Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Food Purchase Practices: BRAZUCA Natal Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233842. [PMID: 36496650 PMCID: PMC9739984 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of dietary environmental impacts has proven to be an important tool for guiding the adoption of healthier and more sustainable diets. This study aimed to estimate the dietary carbon (CF), water (WF), and ecological (EF) footprints of residents in the city of Natal, Brazil; the study also aimed to verify their association with socioeconomic factors and food purchase practices. This is a cross-sectional study that used dietary data from 411 adults and elderlies, which was collected via a questionnaire that applied to the respondents. The results showed that the dietary CF was 1901.88 g CO2 eq/day/1000 kcal, the WF was 1834.03 L/day/1000 kcal, and the EF was 14.29 m2/day/1000 kcal. The highest environmental footprint values showed an association (p ≤ 0.05) with the factors of male sex, white ethnicity, and higher income and schooling, whereas the lowest environmental footprint values were associated with social vulnerability variables such as female sex, non-white ethnicity, and lower income and schooling (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, people with lower environmental footprints consumed less fast food, had fewer meals at snack bars, and used food delivery services less often than those with higher footprints. The foods that most contributed to the CFs and WFs were beef and chicken, while fish and beef contribute the most to the EFs. The data in the present study show that a diet with a lower environmental impact is not always equal to a sustainable diet. This relationship is paradoxical and relates to food justice, as people with lower environmental footprint values are the same ones with worse socioeconomic conditions. In this sense, is it essential to consider the influence of the social context when assessing dietary environmental impacts and when assessing actions that promote healthier and more sustainable diets.
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Retail food environment in a Brazilian metropolis over the course of a decade: evidence of restricted availability of healthy foods. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:2584-2592. [PMID: 35343411 PMCID: PMC9991744 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in the retail food environment profile in a Brazilian metropolis over a 10-year period. DESIGN An ecological study was conducted in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The addresses of formal food establishments were geocoded and classified according to their sold-food profile. Density changes were analysed according to neighbourhood, population size, income level and geospatial distribution. SETTING Totally, 468 neighbourhoods in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Totally, 83 752 formal food establishments registered for operation in any one or more of those years: 2008, 2011, 2015 and 2018. RESULTS There was an increase in unhealthy establishments (154 %), followed by mixed (51 %) and healthy establishments (32 %), during the period evaluated, in addition to an increase in density according to income categories. There was a higher proportion of unhealthy establishments in relation to healthy establishments, indicating worsening of the community food environment over time. CONCLUSIONS Over the course of 10 years, changes in the neighbourhood's food environment were unfavourable for adequate access to healthy foods in lower-income neighbourhoods. The findings reinforce the need for interventions aimed at increasing the availability of businesses that offer healthy food in the city.
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de Carvalho NC, Amaral CAA, Liboredo JC. Cooking or Consuming Food from Away Home after the COVID-19 Lockdown in Brazil? JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2104772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Costa Liboredo
- Department of food, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Grilo MF, Menezes CD, Duran AC. Food swamps in Campinas, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:2717-2728. [PMID: 35730841 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022277.17772021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the food environment can interfere with physical access to healthy foods and accentuate health inequalities. The presence of food swamps, i.e., the greater availability of ultra-processed food and commercial establishments compared to those that sell healthier options, are associated with the consumption of unhealthy foods. This study identified the spatial distribution of these establishments in Campinas, São Paulo. Fast-food restaurants, open-air organic/agroecological food markets and supermarkets were geocoded. Regional administrations (RAs) with greater social vulnerability according to the 2010 Census and with a greater availability of fast-food restaurants in relation to open-air food markets and supermarkets were considered food swamps. The less vulnerable neighborhoods had a higher concentration of all types of commercial food establishments compared to the most vulnerable regions. In Campinas, of eighteen RAs, five were considered food swamps. The findings reinforce the need for actions to improve exposure to healthy foods in more vulnerable neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fagundes Grilo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária. 13083-887 Campinas SP Brasil.
| | | | - Ana Clara Duran
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária. 13083-887 Campinas SP Brasil. .,Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação, Unicamp. Campinas SP Brasil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
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Sugizaki CSDA, Freitas ATVDS, Sagno ALM, Schincaglia RM, Menezes IHCF, Sousa LMD. Avaliação dos produtos alimentícios adquiridos por adultos com obesidade e o grau de processamento dos alimentos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2022. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc17(44)3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: O aumento da obesidade está relacionado a mudanças no padrão de aquisição e de consumo de produtos alimentícios ultraprocessados em detrimento de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a prevalência de obesidade em um território adstrito à Unidade Básica de Saúde, em município de pequeno porte, e avaliar os produtos alimentícios adquiridos pelos indivíduos com obesidade de acordo com o grau de processamento. Métodos: Estudo analítico transversal dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, foi investigado o índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 533 indivíduos da cidade de pequeno porte. Selecionou-se 60 indivíduos para a segunda etapa, em que foram investigados determinantes do perfil nutricional, tais como aquisição de alimentos e gasto com alimentação. Resultados: Na primeira etapa, foi encontrada a prevalência de 30,39% de obesidade. Na segunda, não houve diferença significativa na aquisição de alimentos por grau de processamento. No entanto, chama atenção a quantidade adquirida de processados e ultraprocessados. Mais de 18% dos entrevistados relataram omitir o café da manhã e quase 22% disseram almoçar no trabalho. Não houve diferenças nos gastos totais, por local de compra e na proporção de gastos com alimentação em relação à renda familiar e às categorias de obesidade. Conclusões: A prevalência de obesidade no distrito estudado é alta, tendo em vista sua população. Sugerimos que essa prevalência possa ser influenciada pela aquisição de ultraprocessados, pela alimentação fora do lar e pela omissão do café da manhã.
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Abstract
This review article seeks to systematically identify appropriate ways to measure the consumption behavior of organic fruits. The systematic review of the literature was performed according to the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the eligibility criteria were declared through the PICOS (population, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study) tool based on 277 article records scientiometrically identified in both the Journal Citation Report databases from Web of Science. The literature review stages determined a reduced set of articles that presented valid and reliable measurement scales that covered determinant constructs in organic fruit consumer behavior (OFCB). The measurement scale with the best results reported within the screened articles covered the constructs related to health, fear, environment, effort, and economy, allowing it to serve as a reference instrument in further studies on food consumer behavior.
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Grilo MF, Menezes CD, Duran AC. Food swamps in Campinas, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022277.17772021en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The characteristics of the food environment can interfere with physical access to healthy foods and accentuate health inequalities. The presence of food swamps, i.e., the greater availability of ultra-processed food and commercial establishments compared to those that sell healthier options, are associated with the consumption of unhealthy foods. This study identified the spatial distribution of these establishments in Campinas, São Paulo. Fast-food restaurants, open-air organic/agroecological food markets and supermarkets were geocoded. Regional administrations (RAs) with greater social vulnerability according to the 2010 Census and with a greater availability of fast-food restaurants in relation to open-air food markets and supermarkets were considered food swamps. The less vulnerable neighborhoods had a higher concentration of all types of commercial food establishments compared to the most vulnerable regions. In Campinas, of eighteen RAs, five were considered food swamps. The findings reinforce the need for actions to improve exposure to healthy foods in more vulnerable neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Clara Duran
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Unicamp, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Bezerra IN, Vasconcelos TM, Cavalcante JB, Yokoo EM, Pereira RA, Sichieri R. Evolution of out-of-home food consumption in Brazil in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:6s. [PMID: 34852163 PMCID: PMC8627152 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the evolution of out-of-home food consumption in Brazil in 2008–2018. METHODS We used the 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 data from the Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação (INA - National Food Surveys), conducted amid 34,003 and 46,164 individuals, to estimate the frequency of out-of-home food consumption and the contribution of this consumption to specific foods. Food consumption was analyzed using food records in the 2008–2009 INA and 24-hour recalls in 2017–2018. Estimates were generated for Brazil in general, for urban and rural areas, for age groups (adolescent, adult, elderly), and for income bracket. RESULTS The frequency of out-of-home consumption decreased by 8.8% between the two surveys, with no change in the rural area, in the Northeast and South regions, and for the lowest income brackets. We observed a slight increase among the elderly and in the Midwest region. The contribution of out-of-home food consumption to daily energy intake also decreased (16.3% vs. 12.7%), excepting the rural area, where there was a reduction in the difference in relation to the urban area between the two surveys. For most items evaluated, the out-of-home food consumption decreased. The most consumed out-of-home food were alcoholic beverages, fried and baked snacks, soft drinks, pizza, sweets, and sandwiches in both surveys. CONCLUSION In 10 years, the prevalence of food consumption and the percentage of contribution of out-of-home food decreased in Brazil, but ultra-processed foods still figure as the most consumed food group outside the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Nogueira Bezerra
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Thaís M Vasconcelos
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Jessica Brito Cavalcante
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Edna Massae Yokoo
- Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística. Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rosângela A Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Medicina Social. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Barbosa J, Sampaio GR, Pinto-e-Silva MEM, Guizellini GM, da Silva Torres EAF. Herbal Salt in Beef Burgers: Promoting the Retention of Acceptability in Reducing Sodium. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2021.1955794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Barbosa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Glória Maria Guizellini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Costa GAM, Lopes MS, Lopes ACS. Fruit and vegetable consumption across generations of primary Brazilian care users. Nutrition 2021; 93:111435. [PMID: 34492623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the importance of generational approach to understand dietary patterns, studies on the topic are scarce, especially in primary health care. Thus, we aimed to analyze the association between generational status and fruit and vegetable (F + V) consumption across users of the Brazilian Primary Care Program, adjusted by health aspects, socioeconomic factors, and body mass index. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed from the baseline, randomized, controlled, community trial. Generational status was defined according to the year of birth as traditionalists (1934-1945), baby boomer (BB; 1946-1964), generation X (GX; 1965-1980), and generation Y (GY; 1981-1993). The consumption of F + V was classified as regular (≥5 times/wk) and adequate (3 servings of fruit/d and 3 of vegetables/d), analyzed together (F + V) and separately (fruit or vegetable) by food group. RESULTS Of the 3356 participants, 18.1% were traditionalist, 59.0% BB, 19.7% GX, and 3.2% GY. The prevalence of regular and adequate F + V consumption was 61.7% and 37.2%, respectively. There were fewer chances of regular consumption of fruit and F + V for all generations in comparison with traditionalists. With regard to adequate consumption, there was less chance of consuming F + V only for individuals from GY and of F + V for GX and GY. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies to investigate differences in F + V consumption according to the generational status in a health service. The findings are likely to support the design of strategies to promote F + V consumption, focusing on the younger population to promote health in the present and the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Adriane Martins Costa
- Nutrition Department, Nursing School, Research Group on Nutrition Interventions at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Municipal Health Secretariat, Belo Horizonte City Hall, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Lopes
- Nutrition Department, Nursing School, Research Group on Nutrition Interventions at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristine Souza Lopes
- Nutrition Department, Nursing School, Research Group on Nutrition Interventions at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Peres CMDC, Costa BVDL, Pessoa MC, Honório OS, Carmo ASD, Silva TPRD, Gardone DS, Meireles AL, Mendes LL. [Community food environment and presence of food swamps around schools in a Brazilian metropolis]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00205120. [PMID: 34133638 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00205120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the community food environment and the existence of food swamps around schools in a Brazilian metropolis. This was an ecological study in public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with a 250-meter buffer as the analytical unit. The study included all preschool, elementary, and middle schools. In relation to the schools, the study evaluated administrative regimen (public versus private), type of teaching, and per capita income in the schools' census tracts. Information was also compiled on the retail food establishments inside the buffer zone around the schools. The food environment was characterized only according to the establishments around the schools that sold food for immediate consumption. Analysis of the buffers revealed that 97.4% of the schools had at least one establishment in the vicinity that sold food for immediate consumption. The most available establishments around schools were snack bars, restaurants, and bars. Schools located in higher-income census tracts showed higher mean numbers of all establishments in their vicinity, except for grocery stores and supermarkets. In addition, 54.6% of the schools were in neighborhoods classified as food swamps. The results that the among the target categories, there was a predominance of establishments that mainly sell ultra-processed foods such as bars and snack bars in the vicinity of schools in Belo Horizonte, which exposes children and adolescents to an unhealthy food environment.
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Conceição Santos DF, Souza MA, Quintão de Almeida A, Montezano de Carvalho IM. Polyphenols and processing degree of food (NOVA system): Determining the association in a university menu. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2020.100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Giordani R, Bezerra da Costa I. The Pandemic Health Crisis and Its Implications for Food and Nutritional Security in Latin America. PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1159/000512958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inequalities in health are directly linked to food and to the nutritional profile; hunger and malnutrition, as well as overweight and obesity, increase in proportion to poverty. In the current COVID-19 pandemic scenario, social isolation measures implemented in several countries to prevent the collapse of health systems impose new rhythms on people’s lives and their daily routines, implying a reorganization of their vital structure and the necessary activities for its maintenance and reproduction. The restriction of circulation with the requirement to prepare food inside the home imposes food planning with options with some degree of industrial processing. In the diet of isolation, among the likely changes in food consumption models, there will certainly be an increase in ultraprocessed foods, mainly because containment measures have altered the dynamics of circulation and local trade of fresh products.
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Finger JAFF, Maffei DF, Dias M, Mendes MA, Pinto UM. Microbiological quality and safety of minimally processed parsley (Petroselinum crispum) sold in food markets, southeastern Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:272-280. [PMID: 33211380 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the microbiological quality and safety of minimally processed parsley sold in southeastern Brazilian food markets. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred samples were submitted to the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae by plating on MacConkey agar. Colonies of Enterobacteriaceae were randomly selected and identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Samples were also tested for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. The mean count of Enterobacteriaceae was 6·0 ± 1·0 log CFU per gram, while 18 genera (including 30 species) of bacteria belonging to this family were identified. Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were not detected, while L. innocua was found in two samples and L. fleischmannii was found in one sample. Moreover generic Escherichia coli was found in three samples, all from different brands of minimally processed parsley. CONCLUSIONS Even though microbial pathogens were not isolated, a variety of indicator micro-organisms were identified, including vegetable spoilers and species capable of causing human opportunistic infections. These results suggest hygienic failures and/or lack of temperature control during processing and storage of these ready-to-eat products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study highlights the need for control measures during the production chain of minimally processed parsley in order to reduce microbial contamination and the risks of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A F F Finger
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D F Maffei
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Dias
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - U M Pinto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between selected dietary concerns and eating practices and determine the association of these concerns/practices with demographic and socio-economic characteristics in a population from a large Brazilian city. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. We investigated concerns regarding salt intake, the use of highly processed seasoning and the custom of reading the Na content on food labels. We also analysed concerns regarding the use of pesticides on food products and the practice of consuming organic foods. These variables were analysed according to sex, age group, schooling and income. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was performed for the estimation of prevalence ratios. SETTING Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS The representative sample consisted of 1710 adults and seniors. RESULTS A total 62·3 % of the population were concerned with salt intake, 34·7 % did not use highly processed seasoning and 10·6 % checked the Na content on food labels; 27·5 % were concerned with pesticides and 26·5 % consumed organic foods. The practices analysed were associated with the respective concerns. Women and seniors had a better profile, except for reading Na content in both groups and the consumption of organic foods among seniors. The frequency of checking the Na content and consuming organic foods increased with the level of schooling. The higher income group had a better profile, except for concern with salt intake. CONCLUSIONS Considerable social differences were found regarding the dietary practices, and the practices were associated with concerns. The present findings underscore the need for different dietary counseling strategies targeting specific groups.
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Sant'Anna PB, de Melo Franco BD, Maffei DF. Microbiological safety of ready-to-eat minimally processed vegetables in Brazil: an overview. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4664-4670. [PMID: 32329100 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The market of ready-to-eat minimally processed vegetables (RTE-MPV) is increasing in Brazil and many other countries. During processing, these vegetables go through several steps that modify their natural structure while maintaining the same nutritional and sensory attributes as the fresh produce. One of the most important steps is washing-disinfection, which aims to reduce the microbial load, prevent cross-contamination and inactivate pathogenic microorganisms that may be present. Nonetheless, the presence of pathogens and occurrence of foodborne illnesses associated with consumption of RTE-MPV concern consumers, governments and the food industry. This review brings an overview on the microbiological safety of RTE-MPV, focusing on Brazilian findings. Most of the published data are on detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, indicating that their prevalence may range from 0.4% to 12.5% and from 0.6% to 3.1%, respectively. The presence of these pathogens in fresh produce is unacceptable and risky, mainly in RTE-MPV, because consumers expect them to be clean and sanitized and consequently safe for consumption without any additional care. Therefore, proper control during the production of RTE-MPV is mandatory to guarantee products with quality and safety to consumers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro B Sant'Anna
- Department of Biological Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Bernadette Dg de Melo Franco
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele F Maffei
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Contribution of away-from-home food to the energy and nutrient intake among Brazilian adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:3371-3378. [PMID: 32624068 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the contribution of different food consumption places to the energy and nutrient intake among Brazilian adolescents. DESIGN We analysed data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents - ERICA, carried out in 2013-2014. Foods were categorised into thirty-three food groups. Energy, nutrients and food groups were analysed according to home, public and private schools, and other places of foods consumption. Linear regression models were used to test the association between eating away from home and nutrient intake. SETTING Brazilian public and private schools. PARTICIPANTS All adolescents who had undergone anthropometric evaluation and provided information through the questionnaires, including the 24-h recall (n 71 740). RESULTS The main portion of energy intake per day was consumed within the adolescent households (8112·776 kJ (1939 kcal), 95 % CI 1892, 1985). Away-from-home eating was reported by 52 % of students in a given day, but it contributed to only 15 % of total energy intake. This contribution was mainly due to high energy-dense food intake. The percentage contribution of foods consumed at public school and other places was very similar with respect to nutrients. However, food consumption at other places meant less intake of protein, fibre and Fe, in addition to increasing the intake of added sugar and fats. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of food consumption outside the home by adolescents is high, although the main contribution to energy intake occurs at home, and despite the similarity of nutrients consumed in school and restaurants, the latter tends to worsen the nutritional quality of meals.
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Nogueira LR, Fontanelli MDM, Aguiar BSD, Failla MA, Florindo AA, Leme AC, Barbosa JPDAS, Fisberg RM. Is the local food environment associated with excess body weight in adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil? CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00048619. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00048619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesogenic environment stimulates an inadequate diet by hampering healthy choices. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between the local food environment and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a representative sample population of adolescents living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using multilevel logistic regression models. Among the adolescents, 29.6% were overweight/obese. There were no significant differences between food environment and adolescents’ weight status. However, the presence of fast food restaurants near their home increased the chances of being overweight or obese (OR = 2.53; 95%CI: 1.02-6.27). Results suggest the need to intensify food and nutrition policies, development of culinary skills, and the reduction in prices of healthy foods to facilitate access to these foods, so that adolescents have options in locations to socialize with friends and family.
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Alves MDA, Pinho MGM, Corrêa EN, das Neves J, de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos F. Parental Perceived Travel Time to and Reported Use of Food Retailers in Association with School Children's Dietary Patterns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050824. [PMID: 30866407 PMCID: PMC6427110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the association between the neighborhood food environment and individual eating behaviors, this study aimed to assess the association between parents’ reported use of food facilities by their children, and parental perceived travel time to food facilities, with their children’s dietary patterns. Parents reported the use of supermarkets, full-service and fast-food restaurants, and perceived travel time to these food retailers. To assess school children’s food consumption, a previous day dietary recall was applied. Factor analysis was conducted to identify dietary patterns. To test the association between reported use and perceived travel time to food retailers and school children’s dietary patterns, we performed multilevel linear regression analyses. Parents’ reported use of supermarkets was associated with children’s higher score in the “Morning/Evening Meal” pattern. The use of full-service and fast-food restaurants was associated with children’s higher score in the “Fast Food” pattern. Higher parental perceived travel time to full-service and fast-food restaurants was associated with children’s lower score in the “Fast Food” pattern. Although the use of full-service and fast-food restaurants was associated with a less healthy dietary pattern, the perception of living further away from these food retailers may pose a barrier for the use of these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane de Almeida Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela M Pinho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, F wing, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elizabeth Nappi Corrêa
- Department of Nutrition, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Janaina das Neves
- Department of Nutrition, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
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Roberts SB, Das SK, Suen VMM, Pihlajamäki J, Kuriyan R, Steiner-Asiedu M, Taetzsch A, Anderson AK, Silver RE, Barger K, Krauss A, Karhunen L, Zhang X, Hambly C, Schwab U, Triffoni-Melo ADT, Taylor SF, Economos C, Kurpad AV, Speakman JR. Measured energy content of frequently purchased restaurant meals: multi-country cross sectional study. BMJ 2018; 363:k4864. [PMID: 30541752 PMCID: PMC6290458 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the energy content of frequently ordered meals from full service and fast food restaurants in five countries and compare values with US data. DESIGN Cross sectional survey. SETTING 223 meals from 111 randomly selected full service and fast food restaurants serving popular cuisines in Brazil, China, Finland, Ghana, and India were the primary sampling unit; 10 meals from five worksite canteens were also studied in Finland. The observational unit was frequently ordered meals in selected restaurants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Meal energy content, measured by bomb calorimetry. RESULTS Compared with the US, weighted mean energy of restaurant meals was lower only in China (719 (95% confidence interval 646 to 799) kcal versus 1088 (1002 to 1181) kcal; P<0.001). In analysis of variance models, fast food contained 33% less energy than full service meals (P<0.001). In Finland, worksite canteens provided 25% less energy than full service and fast food restaurants (mean 880 (SD 156) versus 1166 (298); P=0.009). Country, restaurant type, number of meal components, and meal weight predicted meal energy in a factorial analysis of variance (R2=0.62, P<0.001). Ninety four per cent of full service meals and 72% of fast food meals contained at least 600 kcal. Modeling indicated that, except in China, consuming current servings of a full service and a fast food meal daily would supply between 70% and 120% of the daily energy requirements for a sedentary woman, without additional meals, drinks, snacks, appetizers, or desserts. CONCLUSION Very high dietary energy content of both full service and fast food restaurant meals is a widespread phenomenon that is probably supporting global obesity and provides a valid intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Roberts
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560034, India
| | | | - Amy Taetzsch
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alex K Anderson
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rachel E Silver
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Amy Krauss
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andresa de Toledo Triffoni-Melo
- University of Ribeirao Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14 049 900, Brazil
| | - Salima F Taylor
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christina Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560034, India
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
- Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PRC
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Abrahale K, Sousa S, Albuquerque G, Padrão P, Lunet N. Street food research worldwide: a scoping review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 32:152-174. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Abrahale
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - S. Sousa
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - G. Albuquerque
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - P. Padrão
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - N. Lunet
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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