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Alves CMG, Baia RRDJ, Farias VA, Farias MA, de Souza FLS, Videira MN, Chagas FCM, Yoshioka ETO, Tavares-Dias M. Essential oil of Piper hispidum (Piperaceae) has efficacy against monogeneans, and effects on hematology and gill histology of Colossoma macropomum. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 33:e014723. [PMID: 38088653 PMCID: PMC10782507 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612024001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated for the first time the effectiveness of therapeutic baths with essential oil (EO) of Piper hispidum against monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, Mymarothecium boegeri and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni from the gills of Colossoma macropomum, as well as the hematological and histological effects on this fish. In therapeutic baths, 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil and two control groups (water from the culture tank and water from the culture tank with 70% alcohol) were exposed for 1 h/day, with intervals of 48 hours for 3 days, and three replicates each were used. Therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil had an efficacy of 78.6% against monogeneans. The toxicity of this essential oil was low, since there were a few physiological and histopathological changes that did not compromise the functioning of the gills of the fish. Therefore, 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil was effective for controlling monogeneans in C. macropomum, when short therapeutic baths were used without compromising the health of the exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carliane Maria Guimarães Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical – PPGBIO, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | | | - Vitor Araújo Farias
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia – UNIFAMAZ, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical – PPGBIO, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
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2
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Gonzalez-Silvera D, Gong X, Broughton R, Guardiola FA, Betancor MB, Esteban MÁ. Implication of adipocytes from subcutaneous adipose tissue and fatty acids in skin inflammation caused by λ-carrageenin in gilthead seabream (Sparusaurata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:160-171. [PMID: 36210005 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of subcutaneous adipose tissue adipocytes and the effects of fatty acids on carrageenan-induced skin inflammation in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) were studied. Fish were injected intramuscularly with phosphate-buffered saline (control) or λ-carrageenin (1%), and skin samples collected at the injection site at 3 and 6 h post-injection (p.i.) were processed for histological study. In addition, the presence and levels of lipid classes, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and eicosanoids were evaluated in the skin samples obtained from the injected areas. Histological results indicated an increase in adipocyte area in fish sampled at 3 h p.i. with λ-carrageenin compared to fish in the control group. Furthermore, the frequency of adipocytes between 4500 and 5000 μm2 was increased at 6 h in the λ-carrageenin group compared to the control group. Analysis of lipid classes found that fish injected with λ-carrageenan showed increased free fatty acid (FFA) and sphingomyelin content at 3 and 6 h, respectively, compared to the control group. An increase in saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and a decrease in the values of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n-3 PUFA and minor fatty acids were observed in fish skin at 6 h after λ-carrageenin injection, with respect to the values obtained in the control group. Regarding the analysis of eicosanoids, an increase in hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) was detected in the skin of fish at 6 h post-carrageenin injection compared to the control group. The presented results indicate the contribution of adipocytes and fatty acids in the development and regulation of the inflammatory response triggered by λ-carrageenin in gilthead seabream skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Silvera
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Xu Gong
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Richard Broughton
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Guardiola FA, García Beltrán JM, Ceballos-Francisco D, Esteban MÁ. Effects of subcutaneous injection of λ/κ-carrageenin on the immune and liver antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1449-1462. [PMID: 34032302 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute inflammatory response induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenin (1%) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Skin mucus, serum, head kidney (HK) and liver were sampled at 1.5, 3 and 6 hr post-injection (p.i.) to determine the immune and antioxidant status of this fish species. The skin mucus of the carrageenin group showed increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, lysozyme abundance, bactericidal activity against Vibrio anguillarum and Photobacterium damselae, and total immunoglobulins compared with those of the control group. However, the carrageenin-injected fish sampled at 6 hr p.i. showed decreased protease activity in the skin mucus and peroxidase activity in the HK leucocytes compared with the control. Moreover, the carrageenin injection had no effects on the systemic immune system, but it reduced the liver catalase activities at both 3 and 6 hr in the carrageenin group relative to those in the control group. The expression levels of several proinflammatory and cell marker genes in the HK and liver were also determined. In the HK, the expression levels of interleukin-1β and prostaglandin D synthase 1 were upregulated at 1.5 and 3 hr, respectively, in the carrageenin group compared with those in the control group. Contrarily, the expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit phox40 (an acidophilic granulocyte marker) in the carrageenin group at 6 hr was downregulated compared with that in the control group. These results suggested that subcutaneous injection of κ/λ-carrageenin in gilthead seabream triggered an acute skin inflammation characterized by the rapid recruitment of acidophilic granulocytes and the release of humoral mediators into the skin mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María García Beltrán
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana Ceballos-Francisco
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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4
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Levy-Pereira N, Yasui GS, Evangelista MM, Nascimento NF, Santos MP, Siqueira-Silva DH, Monzani PS, Senhorini JA, Pilarski F. In vivo phagocytosis and hematology in Astyanax altiparanae, a potential model for surrogate technology. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:336-344. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.205893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Although the potential of surrogate propagation technology for aquaculture and conservation of Neotropical fish, the poor understanding of the host immune system may results in rejection and destruction of the donor material. Thus, it is necessary to study and to develop methods to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs employment and to evaluate the immunocompatibility between donor and receptor. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize a methodology to assess in vivo phagocytosis in Astyanax altiparanae using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to evaluate their hematological response resultant from the inflammatory induction. To this, S. cerevisiae were labeled with Congo red and injected in the coelomic cavity of A. altiparanae at the concentration of 2.5 x 106 cells mL-1. A PBS solution and a non-injected group were kept as control. Fish blood was sampled and the phagocytic capacity and index were determined at 1, 2, 3 and 6 h post-injection (hpi). The yeast injection successfully stimulated phagocytosis, with the best result for phagocytosis assessment after 2 hpi. Moreover, it was achieved a high traceability of phagocytized and non-phagocytized yeast under optic microscopy analysis due to the Congo red labeling. The hematological profile was similar to usually observed in early infections, indicating lymphocyte migration to inflammatory site and increase in number of circulating phagocytes due to natural response to inflammatory stimulus. In conclusion, our method was efficient to assess in vivo phagocytosis in A. altiparanae and will be an important tool to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in this species. Additionally, these results may serve as support for further studies in fish immunocompetence, both in laboratory and in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Levy-Pereira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil; Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil
| | - G. S. Yasui
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil
| | - M. M. Evangelista
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil; Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil
| | | | | | - D. H. Siqueira-Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Brasil
| | - P. S. Monzani
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - J. A. Senhorini
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil
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5
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Furtado WE, Cardoso L, Figueredo AB, Marchiori NC, Martins ML. Histological and hematological alterations of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen highly parasitized by Lernaea cyprinacea. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 135:157-168. [PMID: 31392968 DOI: 10.3354/dao03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the histological and hematological alterations of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) against intense parasitism by anchor worm Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758. Thirteen fish specimens were collected at the Fish Genetic Improvement Unit (EPAGRI/CEDAP), Brazil. After acclimatization, the fish were anesthetized for blood collection, and the samples were used for counting thrombocytes, total leukocytes, differential leukocytes and for quantification of total erythrocytes. Afterwards, the animals were euthanized, the parasites removed and quantified, and the portions of the affected tegument fixed in 10% buffered formalin. All the analyzed animals were parasitized by L. cyprinacea with mean intensity of 192 specimens per fish. The hematological profile of the animals was different from that reported for healthy fish. Immature leukocytes were the most abundant cells, followed by monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and periodic acid-Schiff-positive granular leukocytes. A small number of neutrophils were present in the bloodstream of parasitized fish, while histological examination evidenced the accumulation of this cell type near the place of infection by the parasite. Total leukocytes correlated significantly and positively (r = 0.6, p = 0.030) with the intensity of L. cyprinacea infection and the fish weight. Histological changes included hemorrhage, liquefactive necrosis and connective tissue disarrangement, necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, mononuclear and polynuclear inflammation, as well as hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the alarm and mucous cells. The L. cyprinacea infection intensity caused deleterious changes both in the hematological profile and the integument of R. quelen, confirming the pathogenic potential of this parasite to the affected fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Eduardo Furtado
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Ad. Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
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6
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Eto S, Fernandes D, Rosolem M, Marinho-Neto F, Pizauro J, Salvador R, Moraes J, Moraes F. Ativação de células de memória na produção de anticorpos e na expressão de células IgM positivas no baço de tilápias-do-nilo. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O presente trabalho avaliou o papel do baço no armazenamento e na reativação das linhagens de células B, representadas por células IgM positivas imunomarcadas no tecido esplênico, bem como a funcionalidade dessas células, sobre a cinética dos linfócitos e na produção sistêmica de anticorpos em tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram separados dois grupos: grupo memória, constituído por peixes previamente imunizados com hemácia de carneiro a 2,5%, para a geração da memória imune, e o grupo naive, que recebeu o mesmo volume de solução salina a 0,65%. Após 32 dias, os dois grupos foram submetidos a uma nova dose do antígeno na mesma concentração, volume e via de inoculação. A reativação dos clones de memória foi evidenciada pelo aumento do número de células IgM positivas no baço do grupo memória no dia zero/pré-imune. Além disso, o mesmo grupo apresentou aumento dos títulos de anticorpos séricos no 14º dia e no número absoluto de linfócitos no 21º dia em relação ao grupo naive. Esses resultados sugerem que o baço não seja apenas um local de armazenamento, mas também de reativação de células B de memória em tilápia-do-nilo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.F. Eto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
| | - D.C. Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
| | - M.C. Rosolem
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
| | | | - J.M. Pizauro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
| | - R. Salvador
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Brazil
| | - J.R.E. Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
| | - F.R. Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
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7
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Biller-Takahashi JD, Takahashi LS, Marzocchi-Machado CM, Zanuzzo FS, Urbinati EC. Disease resistance of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) fed with β-glucan. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 74:698-703. [PMID: 25296221 DOI: 10.1590/bjb.2014.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of β-glucan on innate immune responses and survival were studied in pacu experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish fed diets containing 0, 0.1% and 1% β-glucan were injected with A. hydrophila. β-glucan enhanced fish survival in both treated groups (26.7% and 21.2% of the control, respectively). Leukocyte respiratory burst and alternative complement pathway activities were elevated after bacterial challenge regardless the β-glucan concentration. Lysozyme activity was higher after infection and showed a gradual increase as β-glucan concentration increased. A significant elevation in WBC count was observed either after bacterial challenge or by influence of β-glucan separately. The same response was observed in the number of thrombocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, LG-PAS positive cell and monocytes. It can be concluded that feeding pacu with β-glucan can increase protection against A. hydrophila, due to changes in non-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Biller-Takahashi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - L S Takahashi
- Faculdade de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Marzocchi-Machado
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo -USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Zanuzzo
- Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP - CAUNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - E C Urbinati
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Cromar G, Wong KC, Loughran N, On T, Song H, Xiong X, Zhang Z, Parkinson J. New tricks for "old" domains: how novel architectures and promiscuous hubs contributed to the organization and evolution of the ECM. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:2897-917. [PMID: 25323955 PMCID: PMC4224354 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a defining characteristic of metazoans and consists of a meshwork of self-assembling, fibrous proteins, and their functionally related neighbours. Previous studies, focusing on a limited number of gene families, suggest that vertebrate complexity predominantly arose through the duplication and subsequent modification of retained, preexisting ECM genes. These genes provided the structural underpinnings to support a variety of specialized tissues, as well as a platform for the organization of spatio-temporal signaling and cell migration. However, the relative contributions of ancient versus novel domains to ECM evolution have not been quantified across the full range of ECM proteins. Here, utilizing a high quality list comprising 324 ECM genes, we reveal general and clade-specific domain combinations, identifying domains of eukaryotic and metazoan origin recruited into new roles in approximately two-third of the ECM proteins in humans representing novel vertebrate proteins. We show that, rather than acquiring new domains, sampling of new domain combinations has been key to the innovation of paralogous ECM genes during vertebrate evolution. Applying a novel framework for identifying potentially important, noncontiguous, conserved arrangements of domains, we find that the distinct biological characteristics of the ECM have arisen through unique evolutionary processes. These include the preferential recruitment of novel domains to existing architectures and the utilization of high promiscuity domains in organizing the ECM network around a connected array of structural hubs. Our focus on ECM proteins reveals that distinct types of proteins and/or the biological systems in which they operate have influenced the types of evolutionary forces that drive protein innovation. This emphasizes the need for rigorously defined systems to address questions of evolution that focus on specific systems of interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Cromar
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ka-Chun Wong
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noeleen Loughran
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tuan On
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyan Song
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuejian Xiong
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Parkinson
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Biller-Takahashi JD, Montassier HJ, Takahashi LS, Urbinati EC. Proposed method for agglutinating antibody titer analysis and its use as indicator of acquired immunity in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. BRAZ J BIOL 2014; 74:238-42. [PMID: 25055109 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody can be assessed by agglutinating antibody titer which is a quantitative measure of circulating antibodies in serum from fish previously immunized. The antibody evaluation has been performed with different fish species, and is considered a reliable method that can be applied to confirm several hypothesis regarding acquired immunity, even in conjunction with precise methods to describe immune mechanisms. In order to provide appropriate analytical methods for future studies on the specific immune system of native fish, the present study standardized on assay to measure the serum agglutinating antibody titer produced after immunization with inactivated A. hydrophila and levamisole administration in pacu. It was possible to determine the agglutinating antibodies titer in a satisfactorily way in pacu immunized with inactive A. hydrophila, and the highest titers were observed on fish fed with levamisole.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Biller-Takahashi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - H J Montassier
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - L S Takahashi
- Faculdade de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista ? UNESP, Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - E C Urbinati
- Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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10
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Fernandes DC, Eto SF, Claudiano GS, Marcusso PF, Vieira FCF, Shimada MT, Silva TFA, Souza EC, Salvador R, Moraes JRE, Moraes FR. Humoral immune response in Oreochromis niloticus: modified direct agglutination test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Biller-Takahashi JD, Takahashi LS, Saita MV, Gimbo RY, Urbinati EC. Leukocytes respiratory burst activity as indicator of innate immunity of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. BRAZ J BIOL 2014; 73:425-9. [PMID: 23917573 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842013000200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the assay to quantify the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu as an indicator of the innate immune system, using the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) to formazan as a measure of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to assess the accuracy of the assay, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and sampled one week after challenge. The A. hydrophila infection increased the leukocyte respiratory burst activity. The protocol showed a reliable and easy assay, appropriate to determine the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu, a neotropical fish, in the present experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Biller-Takahashi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Castro MP, Claudiano GS, Petrillo TR, Shimada MT, Belo MAA, Marzocchi-Machado CM, Moraes JRE, Manrique GW, Moraes FR. Acute aerocystitis in Nile tilapia bred in net cages and supplemented with chromium carbochelate and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:284-290. [PMID: 24309138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus bred in net cages were supplemented with cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) (0.3%) or chromium carbochelate (Cr) (18 mg/kg of feed) or in association (Sc + Cr), for 90 days. After this period, acute inflammation was induced in the swim bladder by inoculation of 3 × 10(8) CFU of inactivated Streptococcus agalactiae, and another group received 0.65% saline solution (control). Twelve, 24, and 48 h after stimulation, the inflammation was evaluated through total and differential counting of accumulated cells, and through leukocyte respiratory burst in the blood, cortisolemia, glycemia and serum lysozyme concentration. The results showed that there were greater total numbers of cells in the exudate of fish inoculated with inactivated bacterium than in those injected with saline solution, with predominance of lymphocytes, thrombocytes, macrophages and granulocytes. Tilapia supplemented with Cr presented increased total numbers of cells with significant accumulation of lymphocytes and reductions in cortisolemia and glycemia, but the different treatments did not have any influence on leukocyte respiratory burst or serum lysozyme concentration. Tilapia supplemented with Sc and the Cr + Sc association did not present significant changes to the variables evaluated, despite higher accumulation of lymphocytes in the inflammatory exudate from fish treated with Sc. The results indicate that tilapia bred in net cages and supplemented with Cr presented higher total accumulation of cells at the inflammatory focus, thus indicating an increase in the inflammatory response induced by the bacterium, probably due to the reduction in cortisolemia and higher glucose consumption. Thus, supplementation with Cr had beneficial action, which facilitated development of acute inflammation induced by the bacterium, but did not affect neither leukocyte respiratory burst in the blood nor serum lysozyme concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello P Castro
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo S Claudiano
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Thalita R Petrillo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Tie Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marco A A Belo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Cleni M Marzocchi-Machado
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Julieta R E Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - G Wilson Manrique
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio R Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
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Biller-Takahashi J, Takahashi L, Pilarski F, Sebastião F, Urbinati E. Serum bactericidal activity as indicator of innate immunity in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000600023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of teleost fish has mechanisms responsible for the defense against bacteria through protective proteins in several tissues. The protein action can be evaluated by serum bactericidal activity and this is an important tool to analyze the immune system. Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, is one of the most important fish in national aquaculture. However there is a lack of studies on its immune responses. In order to standardize and assess the accuracy of the serum bactericidal activity assay, fish were briefly challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and sampled one week after the challenge. The bacterial infection increased the concentration of protective proteins, resulting in a decrease of colony-forming unit values expressed as well as an enhanced serum bactericidal activity. The protocol showed a reliable assay, appropriate to determine the serum bactericidal activity of pacu in the present experimental conditions.
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14
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Claudiano GDS, Petrillo TR, Manrique WG, Castro MP, Loureiro BA, Marcusso PF, Belo MAA, Moraes JRE, de Moraes FR. Acute aerocystitis in Piaractus mesopotamicus: participation of eicosanoids and pro-inflammatory cytokines. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1057-1062. [PMID: 23370015 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A total of 360 pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) were used to study vascular permeability (VP) and inflammatory cell component (CC) in induced aerocystitis in P. mesopotamicus through inoculation of inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila, and the effect of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It was observed that after inoculation of A. hydrophila, the maximum VP occurred 180 min post-stimulus (MPS). Pretreatment with anti-inflammatory drugs inhibited VP, and the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone was seen earlier than the effects caused by meloxicam and indomethacin. Inoculation of the bacterium caused a gradual increase in the accumulation of cells, which reached a maximum 24 h post-stimulus (HPS). Pretreatment with dexamethasone, indomethacin and meloxicam reduced the accumulation of lymphocytes, thrombocytes, granulocytes and macrophages. There was no significant difference between the different doses of the drugs tested. The results suggest that eicosanoids and pro-inflammatory cytokines participate in chemical mediation in acute inflammation in pacus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo da Silva Claudiano
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
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