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Weber V, Godoy RS, Hoffmann PHO, Lanés LEK, Volcan M, Maltchik L. A preliminary approach to embryonic development of Austrolebias wolterstorffi, an endangered neotropical annual fish species. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271218. [PMID: 37255200 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual fish live exclusively in temporary wetlands and are among the shortest-lived vertebrates in the world. These fish persist in these habitats due to drought-resistant eggs, that which, through diapauses are able to detect stimuli from the environment to start the development processes. They are also able to direct their embryonic development in different trajectories with different development times. Our objective in this paper was to describe the different stages of embryonic development of Austrolebias wolterstorffi, a critically endangered annual fish. A total of 27 stages of embryonic development were identified for the two observed developmental pathways (direct and diapause 2). Of these 27 developmental stages observed, 24 were identical between the two types of trajectories and three different. A total of 90% of the embryos that completed their development proceeded normally, without pauses. One embryo had a different development from the others, entering diapause 2, with a pause in development for 48 h. Although the embryonic development of A. wolterstorffi is similar to that of other Neotropical annual fish species, the diapause 2 occurs when the embryo has a large body size and a well-developed brain, indicating that the lack of embryonic information of the genus Austrolebias may hide characteristics still undescribed or even different survival strategies than what has been observed for other annual fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Weber
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - R S Godoy
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil
| | - P H O Hoffmann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | | | - M Volcan
- Instituto Pró-Pampa, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - L Maltchik
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
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Godoy RS, Weber V, Lanés LEK, Reichard M, Gemelli T, Hohendorff RV, Maltchik L. Recognizing the enemy: do predator cues influence hatching in Neotropical annual killifish? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1476-1484. [PMID: 34287870 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Annual fish species have evolved complex adaptations to survive in temporary wetlands. The main adaptation of these fish is the ability to produce embryos that survive dry periods. Embryo development of this fish can show variation at multiple levels influenced by many environmental factors, such as photoperiod and temperature. Predator cues are another factor that can influence the embryonic stage. One way in which annual fish could adapt to predators is by using risk-spreading strategies (through bet-hedging). Nonetheless, this strategy depends on the coevolutionary history between predators and preys and on the degree of environmental unpredictability, resulting in different responses across different species. This study investigated the influence of predator cues on the embryonic development and hatching of two Austrolebias species that inhabit ponds that present differences in hydroperiod and the risk of predator presence. The results confirmed a differentiated response between the two annual fish species tested, corroborating the modulation of hatching against the risk of predation by native predatory fish. The authors further showed that development times varied between the two annual fish species, regardless of the presence of predators. They highlight that the variation in embryonic development is strongly affected by different levels of hydroperiod unpredictability faced by the two species. To unravel finer-scale local adaptations in the annual fish embryo development, future studies should focus on a region with greater spatial gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson S Godoy
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, UNISINOS University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Weber
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, UNISINOS University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Luis Esteban Krause Lanés
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tanise Gemelli
- Nutrition and Food, UNISINOS University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Maltchik
- Postgraduate Program in Biology of Continental Aquatic Environments, Federal University of Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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de Castro BD, Wingen NMDA, Dos Santos SHD, Godoy RS, Maltchik L, Lanés LEK, Oliveira GT. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in the post-embryonic characterization of the neotropical annual killifish. Biogerontology 2021; 22:507-530. [PMID: 34302586 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Annual killifish are among the most remarkable extremophile species with the shortest vertebrate life span. Few studies have reported on the oxidative balance throughout their life cycle and its association to the natural aging process of these neotropical animals in a natural environment. We standardized and analyzed physiological markers related to the redox balance of the annual killifish (Cynopoecilus fulgens) throughout the post-embryonic life cycle (enzyme activity of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Glutathione S-transferase, as well as the determination of the levels of Lipoperoxidation, Carbonylated Proteins, and Total Proteins). We tested the influence of environmental variables on these biomarkers. Individuals were collected, including juveniles, adults, and seniles, in three sampling units around the Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, located in the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul. We observed that males and females used different physiological strategies of their redox balance during their life cycle, and their oxidative balance was influenced by their reproductive period and environmental variables (water temperature, abundance of predators, abundance of another sympatric annual killifish species, and abundance of C. fulgens). The population of each temporary pond presented different physiological responses to the adaptation of their life cycle, and there was an influence of environmental component as a modulator of this cycle. Our study offers reference values that will be useful for comparison in future research with short-lived organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dutra de Castro
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Robson Souza Godoy
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, Health Sciences Center, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maltchik
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, Health Sciences Center, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Esteban Krause Lanés
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 270, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
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García D, Reichard M. The effect of population density on growth and survival of a Neotropical annual killifish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:298-301. [PMID: 32337709 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We used a field experiment to test the effects of population density on the growth rate and survival of Austrolebias bellottii, a Neotropical annual killifish. Effects differed between the sexes: males at high densities achieved a smaller final size and experienced higher mortality while no such effects were observed in females. This sex-specific effect could be an indirect consequence of mate competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Evolutiva, IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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da Fonseca AP, Volcan MV, Robaldo RB. Incubation media affect the survival, pathway and time of embryo development in Neotropical annual fish Austrolebias nigrofasciatus (Rivulidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:165-176. [PMID: 29178292 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To analyse the survival, pathway and time of embryo development in the annual fish Austrolebias nigrofasciatus eggs were monitored in four liquid media and two damp media under experimental conditions for 130 days until their development was complete. Eggs kept in the same breeding water from oviposition remained in diapause I (DI) during all experiments. In constrast, up to the stage prior to entering diapause II (DII), the other media had no influence on development. Embryos at this stage (DII), however, show longer development time when treated in medium with water and powdered coconut shell so that about 80% of embryos remained in DII at 100 days. In contrast, all other treatments had a significantly lower proportion of embryos remaining in DII. When treated with Yamamoto's solution in humid media, embryos showed the fastest development. The first fully developed embryos (DIII) were seen at 27 days after oviposition. It took an average of 46-58 days for 50% of eggs in each treatment to reach DIII. Compared with other studies, survival in all incubation media was high at between 70 and 98%. Taken together, it can be concluded that all incubation media were found to be viable for maintaining embryos. Altering developmental trajectories through the manipulation of diapauses in different media makes this species a potential model organism for laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Estação Marinha de Aquacultura, Rua do Hotel, n 02, Cassino Rio Grande, 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Aplicada a Aquicultura, Instituto de Biologia, DFF, prédio 26, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M V Volcan
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Instituto Pró-Pampa, Rua Uruguai, n 1242, Centro, Pelotas, 96010-630, RS, Brazil
| | - R B Robaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Estação Marinha de Aquacultura, Rua do Hotel, n 02, Cassino Rio Grande, 96210-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Aplicada a Aquicultura, Instituto de Biologia, DFF, prédio 26, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
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Lanés LEK, Godoy RS, Maltchik L, Polačik M, Blažek R, Vrtílek M, Reichard M. Seasonal dynamics in community structure, abundance, body size and sex ratio in two species of Neotropical annual fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:2345-2364. [PMID: 27607142 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven ephemeral pools on the coastal plain of southern Brazil were found to be inhabited by three annual and 22 non-annual fish species. Two common annual species (Austrolebias minuano and Cynopoecilus fulgens) exhibited clear seasonal dynamics, with the appearance of young fishes in the austral autumn (May to June) and a decline in abundance over the seasonal cycle. The third annual species, Austrolebias wolterstorffii, was rare. No seasonal dynamics were observed in non-annual fishes. The relative abundance of non-annual fishes compared with annual fishes increased over the seasonal cycle, but they coexisted widely. The size structure of annual fishes suggested the presence of a single age cohort in most pools though a second age cohort was registered in one pool in August, coinciding with a large flooding. Strong sexual dimorphism in body size was found in C. fulgens throughout the seasonal cycle, while no sexual dimorphism in body size was found in A. minuano. Female-biased sex ratios were recorded in both common annual fish species in the last three sampling dates (in spring), but not during the first two sampling dates (in winter). The natural lifespan of annual fishes was <8 months. Annual fishes disappeared before habitat desiccation in half of the pools, while non-annual fishes were still present.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E K Lanés
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos-LECEA, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, Bairro Cristo Rei, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Instituto Pró-Pampa-IPPAMPA, Bairro Centro, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R S Godoy
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos-LECEA, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, Bairro Cristo Rei, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L Maltchik
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos-LECEA, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS, Bairro Cristo Rei, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Polačik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Blažek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Vrtílek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Fonseca APD, Volcan MV, Sampaio LA, Romano LA, Robaldo RB. Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252013000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Given the importance of knowledge of the biology of endangered species for the planning of conservation and management efforts, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of temperature on the growth of Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl, 1924). To clarify the thermal influence on the growth of the species, temperatures of 16, 20, 24 , and 28°C were tested in triplicate. The present study showed that a water temperature of 28°C is detrimental to the growth of the species. Among the other tested temperatures, it was found that the optimum temperature for growth decreases as an individual ages and is slightly lower for females. It was demonstrated here that males reach a higher weight and length, and grow faster than females, reaching sexual maturity earlier. To optimize the growth of this species in captivity, the ideal temperature of the water during the initial life period is 24°C, until after puberty when the temperature should decrease to about 21°C.
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