miR-483-5p promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by targeting RBM5

RBM5 suppresses proliferation, metastasis and glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells via stabilizing phosphatase and tensin homolog mRNA

BACKGROUND

RNA binding motif 5 (RBM5) has emerged as crucial regulators in many cancers.

AIM

To explore more functional and mechanistic exploration of RBM5 since the lack of research on RBM5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) dictates that is essential.

METHODS

Through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, we analyzed RBM5 expression in colon adenocarcinoma and rectum adenocarcinoma tissues. For detecting the mRNA expression of RBM5, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction was performed. Protein expression levels of RBM5, hexokinase 2, lactate dehydrogenase A, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-AKT), and AKT were determined via Western blot. Functionally, cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EDU) assay were performed to evaluate proliferation of CRC cells. Invasiveness and migration of CRC cells were evaluated through conducting transwell assays. Glucose consumption, lactate production and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) production were measured through a glucose assay kit, a lactate assay kit and an ATP production assay kit, respectively. Besides, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, half-life RT-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay were applied to detect interaction between RBM5 and PTEN. To establish a xenotypic tumor mice, CRC cells were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of each mouse. Protein expression of RBM5, Ki67, and PTEN in tumor tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry staining. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate tumor liver metastasis in mice.

RESULTS

We discovered down-regulation of RBM5 expression in CRC tissues and cells. RBM5 overexpression repressed proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. Meantime, RBM5 impaired glycolysis in CRC cells, presenting as decreased glucose consumption, decreased lactate production and decreased ATP production. Besides, RBM5 bound to PTEN mRNA to stabilize its expression. PTEN expression was positively regulated by RBM5 in CRC cells. The protein levels of PI3K and p-AKT were significantly decreased after RBM5 overexpression. The suppressive influences of RBM5 on glycolysis, proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells were partially counteracted by PTEN knockdown. RBM5 suppressed tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo.

CONCLUSION

This investigation provided new evidence that RBM5 was involved in CRC by binding to PTEN, expanding the importance of RBM5 in the treatment of CRC.

Unveiling the Potential of Serum MiR-483-5p: A Promising Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in OLP and OSCC Patients by In silico Analysis of Differential Gene Expression

BACKGROUND

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral lichen planus (OLP) are two separate conditions affecting the mouth and result in varying clinical outcomes and levels of malignancy. Achieving early diagnosis and effective therapy planning requires the identification of reliable diagnostic biomarkers for these disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently received attention as powerful biomarkers for various illnesses, including cancer. In particular, miR-483-5p is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in various cancers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of serum miR-483-5p in the diagnosis and prognosis of OLP and OSCC patients by in silico analysis of differential gene expression.

METHODS

GSE23558 and GSE52130 data sets were selected, and differential gene expression analysis was performed using microarray data from GSE52130 and GSE23558. The analysis focused on comparing OLP and OSCC samples with normal samples. The genes intersected through the differential gene expression analysis were then extracted to determine the overlapping genes among the upregulated or downregulated DEGs. The downregulated genes among the DEGs were subsequently imported into the miRWalk database to search for potential target genes of miRNA 483-5p that lacked validation. To gain insight into the biological pathways associated with the DEGs, we conducted pathway analysis utilizing tools, such as Enrichr. Additionally, the cellular components associated with these DEGs were investigated by analyzing the String database. On the other hand, blood serum samples were collected from 35 OSCC patients, 34 OLP patients, and 34 healthy volunteers. The expression level of miR-483-5p was determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized to investigate the considerable correlation. Moreover, this study explored the prognostic value of miR-483-5p through its association with clinicopathological parameters in OSCC patients.

RESULTS

The results showed that serum expression of miR-483-5p was considerably higher in OSCC patients compared to OLP patients and healthy controls (p 0.0001) and that this difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, elevated miR-483-5p expression was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and stage of tumor nodal metastasis in OSCC patients (p 0.001, p 0.038, and p 0.0001, respectively). In silico analysis found 71 upregulated genes at the intersection of upregulated DEGs and 44 downregulated genes at the intersection of downregulated DEGs, offering insight into the potential underlying mechanisms of miR-483-5p's engagement in OSCC and OLP. The majority of these DEGs were found to be involved in autophagy pathways, but DEGs involved in the histidine metabolism pathway showed significant results. Most of these DEGs were located in the extracellular region. After screening for downregulated genes that were invalidated, miRNA 483-5p had 7 target genes.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates the potential of serum miR-483-5p as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in OSCC and OLP patients. Its upregulation in OSCC patients and its association with advanced tumor stage and potential metastasis suggest the involvement of miR-483-5p in critical signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation, making it a reliable indicator of disease progression. Nevertheless, additional experimental studies are essential to validate these findings and establish a foundation for the advancement of targeted therapies and personalized treatment approaches.

Epigenetic MicroRNAs as Prognostic Markers of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery, increasing the risk for adverse outcomes such as perioperative and long-term mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, and other thromboembolic events. Epigenetic biomarkers show promise as prognostic tools for POAF. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs (miRNA), can result in altered gene expression and the development of various pathological conditions. This systematic review aims to present the current literature on the association between various epigenetic markers and the development of POAF following cardiac surgery. Here, an electronic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar to identify studies that reported the role of epigenetic markers in the development of POAF. Five of the 6 studies focused on miRNAs and their association with POAF. In POAF patients, the expression of miR-1 and miR-483-5p were upregulated in the right atrial appendage (RAA), while the levels of miR-133A, miR-208a, miR-23a, miR-26a, miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c were decreased in the RAA and venous blood. One study examined cytosines followed by guanines (CpGs) as DNA methylation markers. Across all studies, 488 human subjects who had undergone cardiac surgery were investigated, and 195 subjects (39.9%) developed new-onset POAF. The current literature suggests that miRNAs may play a role in predicting the development of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. However, more robust clinical data are required to justify their role in routine clinical practice.

Circulation microRNA expression profiles in patients with complete responses to chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background

Aims

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Implication of miR-122, miR-483, and miR-335 Expression Levels as Potential Signatures in HCV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Egyptian Patients

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as a major risk factor of HCC. Circulating microRNAs are deregulated in HCC and are candidate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to explore the expression profile of miRNA-122, miR-483, and miR-335 in the serum of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 90 HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, 90 non-malignant HCV patients, and 60 healthy controls were included. Serum microRNAs were measured by a qRT-PCR custom array. The expression levels of miR-122 and miR-483 were upregulated in HCC patients, while the miR-335 expression level was downregulated versus controls and HCV groups. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was created to examine miRNAs. miR-483 presented the best diagnostic potential because it showed the highest diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing HCV-related HCC patients from controls (AUC = 0.98) with 100% sensitivity. Moreover, there was obvious prognostic power in distinguishing HCV from HCC (AUC = 0.95) with 88% sensitivity. In conclusion, studied microRNAs (miR-122, miR-483, and miR-335) could serve as potential non-invasive early diagnostic biomarkers for HCC, and we identified a panel of three serum microRNAs with high accuracy in HCC diagnosis. Additional studies are required to confirm this panel and test its prognostic significance.

Specific nursing improves postoperative urine control function and the self-efficacy of patients undergoing radical prostatectomies

BACKGROUND

Radical prostatectomy is a treatment for prostate cancer (PC), but most patients suffer urinary incontinence, decreased urinary control function, and poor prognoses after the surgery. Specific nursing intervention is a nursing model based on the patients' individual conditions and disease progression.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effects of specific nursing intervention on the urinary control functions and self-efficacy of radical prostatectomy patients.

METHODS

From April 1, 2016 to June 30, 2019, 149 patients who underwent radical prostatectomies in our hospital were retrospectively selected for this observational study and assigned to two groups in accordance with the different nursing intervention method each patient underwent. Seventy-six patients who underwent specific nursing intervention were included in the observation group (OG), and 73 patients who underwent routine nursing intervention were included in the control group (CG). The clinical symptoms, the urodynamic indexes, the recoveries of urinary control function, the incidences of urinary incontinence, and the complications were observed in both groups. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores were used to evaluate the unhealthy emotions. The self-efficacy scale (GSES) and SF-36 were used to evaluate the self-efficacy and the quality of life (QOL), respectively.

RESULTS

After the nursing, the improvement in the clinical symptoms in the OG was significantly better than it was in CG. The improvement in the postoperative urodynamic indexes in the OG was significantly better than it was in the CG. The recovery of urinary control function in the OG was significantly higher than it was in the CG. The incidence of urinary incontinence in OG was significantly lower than it was in the CG. The incidence of complications in the OG was significantly lower than it was in the CG. The SAS and SDS scores in the OG were significantly lower than they were in the CG. After the intervention, the patients' GSES and SF-36 scores in the OG were significantly higher than they were in the CG.

CONCLUSION

Specific nursing intervention can ameliorate the urinary control functions and self-efficacy, reduce unhealthy emotions, and improve the QOL of radical prostatectomy patients.

MiR-483 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Biological Progression by Directly Targeting NDRG2 through Regulation of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer is the third frequent tumor in the whole world. MiR-483, located at the 11p15.5 locus, acts as an oncogene in multiple tumors. The purpose of this study is to explore the important roles of miR-483 in colorectal cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RT-qPCR and western blot were applied to calculate the mRNA levels of miR-483 and genes. The Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to calculate the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. The proliferation and invasive abilities were measured by Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) and transwell assays.

RESULTS

MiR-483 was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues, and the upregulation of miR-483 predicted poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. NDRG2 was a target gene of miR-483 in colorectal cancer. Furthermore, miR-483 has been reported to promote colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasion through targeting NDRG2 by the PI3K/AKT pathway and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, the overexpression of miR-483 promoted xenograft growth of LOVO cells.

CONCLUSION

MiR-483 promoted cell proliferation through the NDRG2/PI3K/AKT pathway and invasion-mediated EMT in colorectal cancer. In view of the multiple mechanisms of molecular immunotherapy, it is necessary to further study the relationship between miR-483 and colorectal cancer, so as to find a more direct and effective treatment method to prevent colorectal cancer.

MicroRNA-483-5p Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes Cancer Metastasis by Targeting EGR3 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Background

MicroRNAs, as small non-coding RNAs, play an important role in tumorigenesis. MiR-483-5p was found to have a significant increase as a diagnostic biomarker of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), not only in plasma from NPC patients but also in tumor cell lines and biopsy tissues in our previous study. However, its function and mechanism in NPC are still unclear.

Methods

Tissue microarray including 178 primary NPC and 35 adjacent non-cancerous nasopharyngeal mucosal tissues was used to further validate the overexpression of miR-483-5p. Wound healing and invasion assays were conducted to verify its biological function. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to explore its target, and it was verified in fresh biopsy tissues from 23 NPC patients and 9 patients with chronic nasopharyngitis.

Results

MiR-483-5p was highly expressed in NPC tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. It was found to have a significant correlation with poor overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-8.35, p = 0.041] and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.06-3.60, p = 0.029) of NPC patients. Silencing of its expression inhibited the migratory and invasive capacities of NPC cells in vitro. EGR3 (early growth response 3) was identified as a direct target, and inhibiting miR-483-5p expression markedly enhanced the expression of EGR3 at both the mRNA and protein levels. Besides, a significant decrease of EGR3 expression was found in fresh biopsy tissues from NPC patients, in contrast to miR-483-5p expression. Furthermore, directly decreasing the expression of EGR3 could enhance the migration and invasion of NPC cells.

Conclusion

The newly identified miR-483-5p/EGR3 pathway provides further insights into the development and metastasis of NPC and may provide a potential therapeutic target for NPC treatment in order to improve survival of NPC patients.

Aberrant expression of miR-483-5p in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and its predictive value for cerebrovascular event occurrence

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may be used as novel promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various diseases, including asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS). The present study aimed to investigate the abnormal expression of microRNA-483-5p (miR-483-5p) in patients with ACAS and to evaluate its diagnostic value for ACAS screening and its predictive value for cerebrovascular events. A total of 128 patients with ACAS and 76 healthy controls were included in the present study. The expression of miR-483-5p in serum was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-483-5p in patients with ACAS. Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn and Cox regression analysis was used to determine the predictive value of miR-483-5p for cerebrovascular events in patients with ACAS. Serum miR-483-5p levels were significantly increased in patients with ACAS as compared with those in healthy controls. The expression of miR-483-5p was significantly associated with diabetes (P=0.011), dyslipidemia (P=0.047) and the degree of carotid stenosis (P=0.006) in patients with ACAS. In addition, the area under the ROC curve was 0.910, with a sensitivity of 80.5% and a specificity of 89.5% at the cutoff value of 0.705, indicating that serum miR-483-5p expression has a certain diagnostic value in patients with ACAS. Furthermore, the patients with high miR-483-5p expression had a higher proportion of cerebrovascular events than patients with low miR-483-5p levels (log-rank P=0.011) and miR-483-5p was an independent prognostic marker for predicting the occurrence of cerebrovascular events in patients with ACAS. The results indicated that miR-483-5p expression is significantly increased in patients with ACAS and that abnormal miR-483-5p expression may be a candidate biomarker for ACAS diagnosis and the prediction of cerebrovascular event occurrence.

MicroRNA as an Important Target for Anticancer Drug Development

Cancer has become the second greatest cause of death worldwide. Although there are several different classes of anticancer drugs that are available in clinic, some tough issues like side-effects and low efficacy still need to dissolve. Therefore, there remains an urgent need to discover and develop more effective anticancer drugs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by inhibiting mRNA translation or reducing the stability of mRNA. An abnormal miRNA expression profile was found to exist widely in cancer cell, which induces limitless replicative potential and evading apoptosis. MiRNAs function as oncogenes (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressors during tumor development and progression. It was shown that regulation of specific miRNA alterations using miRNA mimics or antagomirs can normalize the gene regulatory network and signaling pathways, and reverse the phenotypes in cancer cells. The miRNA hence provides an attractive target for anticancer drug development. In this review, we will summarize the latest publications on the role of miRNA in anticancer therapeutics and briefly describe the relationship between abnormal miRNAs and tumorigenesis. The potential of miRNA-based therapeutics for anticancer treatment has been critically discussed. And the current strategies in designing miRNA targeting therapeutics are described in detail. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of miRNA-based therapy are conferred.

MiR-337-3p lowers serum LDL-C level through targeting PCSK9 in hyperlipidemic mice

BACKGROUND

Reducing serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hyperlipemia is recognized as an effective strategy to minimize the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). MiR-337-3p has already been discovered to play regulatory roles in tumor proliferation and metastasis, adipocyte browning and ischemic brain injury, etc. However, the association between miR-337-3p and LDL-C is unknown.

METHODS

Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and two hyperlipidemic murine models were used to analyze the potential relationship between miR-337-3p and LDL-C. AAV-mediated liver-directed miRNA overexpression in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse model was used to examine the effect of miR-337-3p on LDL-C and WB/RT-PCR/ELISA/luciferase assays were used to investigate the underlying mechanism.

RESULTS

The expressions of miR-337-3p were obviously lower in multiple hyperlipidemic mouse models and had a negative correlation with serum LDL-C levels. After confirming the effect of miR-337-3p on the improvement of serum LDL-C in vivo, we discovered PCSK9 might be a possible target of miR-337-3p, which was further proved by in vitro experiments. MiR-337-3p could directly interact with both the PCSK9 3'UTR and promoter to inhibit PCSK9 translation and transcription. Furthermore, the result from DiI-LDL uptake assay under the knockdown of PCSK9 demonstrated that miR-337-3p promoting the absorption of LDL-C in HepG2 cells was dependent on PCSK9, and the result from LDLR-/- mouse model indicated that miR-337-3p regulating LDL-C was dependent on PCSK9/LDLR pathway.

CONCLUSION

We discovered a new function of miR-337-3p in regulating PCSK9 expression and LDL-C absorption, suggesting miR-337-3p might be a new therapeutic target for the development of antihyperlipidemic drug.

The diagnostic value of exosomal miRNAs in human bile of malignant biliary obstructions

BACKGROUND

Diagnosis of malignant biliary obstruction is complicated and lacks accuracy. Exosomes may be secreted by malignant tumors; intact miRNAs from exosomes might serve as potential biomarkers for the disease.

AIM

To identify exosomal microRNAs in human bile among benign and malignant biliary obstructions.

METHODS

Bile samples were collected from patients undergoing therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for biliary obstruction. Exosome microRNAs were determined by RNA-sequencing in the discovery cohort, which comprising benign (n = 5) cases and malignant biliary obstruction (n = 5) cases. Then, the diagnostic performance of the two up-regulated microRNAs (mir-483-5p and mir-126-3p) of bile exosomes was verified by analysis of 82 patients with a diagnosis of malignant (n=37) or nonmalignant (n=45) biliary obstruction.

RESULTS

In both cohorts, the expressions of mir-483-5p and mir-126-3p were significantly higher in bile exosomes samples from patients with malignant biliary obstructions than controls. In the verification cohort, the two miRNAs can distinguished the benign and malignant groups with high diagnostic accuracy and specificity; the diagnostic values of the two microRNAs were better than serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), area under the curve (AUC) were 0.81 and 0.74.

CONCLUSION

The expression of exosomal mir-483-5p and mir-126-3p in the bile samples discriminates between patients with malignant and nonmalignant biliary obstructions.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NO

NCT03102268.

MicroRNA-501-5p Targets PINX1 Gene to Regulate the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Prostatic Carcinoma Cells

The expression of PINX1 is decreased in prostate cancer, and the high level of miRNA-501-5p promotes the proliferation of liver cancer cells. However, there is no relevant research on miRNA-501-5p in prostate cancer. miRNA-501-5p can target the 3’UTR of PINX1 mRNA; however, it is unclear whether they affect the migration, invasion, and proliferation of prostate cancer cells. In this paper, PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miRNA-501-5p and PINX1 in prostate cancer cells PC3, LNCaP, and DU145, and normal prostate epithelial cells RWPE-1. Compared to the normal prostate epithelial cells, miRNA-501-5p expression in prostate cancer cells was increased, and the expression of PINX1 was decreased. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to detect the migration, proliferation, and invasion of prostate cancer DU145 cells. It was found that suppressing the expression of miRNA-501-5p or overexpressing PINX1 could inhibit the proliferation and other biological behaviors of DU145 cells; at the same time, the level of Cyclin D1, MMP-2, and MMP-14 protein was decreased, and the protein level of P21 was increased. Moreover, inhibition of PINX1 expression could partially reverse miRNA-501-5p’s inhibitory effect on the migration, invasion, and proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Therefore, miRNA-501-5p targeted PINX1 for down-regulation to promote prostate cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation.

Identification of core miRNAs and regulatory pathways in breast cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis

Breast cancer (BC) ranks first among malignancies in the female population due to its complicated pathological progression and poor prognosis. Hence, the aim of the present study was to identify potential molecular prognostic biomarkers able to predict the prognosis of BC patients. We integrated two microRNA (miRNA) expression microarrays and three gene microarrays related to BC from the NCBI Gene Expression Comprehensive (GEO) database to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs and identify their regulatory networks. The Kaplan-Meier plotter online analysis tool was used to assess the overall survival value of miRNAs expression in BC patients. The LinkedOmics online tool was used to analyze genes correlated with miRNAs expression. To clarify the upstream regulation mechanism of genes, we used ChIP-Atlas to identify and screen for transcription factors and visually verify them using the Integrative Genomics Viewer. To further analyze the downstream regulatory mechanism of miRNA in BC, we verified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) correlated to miRNAs in three GEO gene microarrays and the gene set predicted by miRWalk. The open access Metascape program allowed analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) processes, KEGG pathways and GO enrichment was performed on the DEGs. To further identify hub genes, Cytoscape software and its plug-in were applied to construct protein-protein interaction networks. In the present study, several possible molecules and related pathways related to miR-483 were identified by bioinformatics analysis. These molecules and pathways might represent key mechanisms involved in BC progression and development. This work provides a novel view and insight in the pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis for BC.

Effects of Coriandrum sativum on Migration and Invasion Abilities of Cancer Cells

Coriandrum sativum (coriander) is an annual herb in the Apiaceae family. Its leaves and seeds are used for cooking. Coriander has several beneficial functions such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-cancer effects. Although anti-carcinogenic potential of coriander has been known well, the effects of coriander on cancer metastasis have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, the effects of coriander on migration and invasion were investigated in vitro and in vivo by using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10). The migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells had been evaluated by trans-well double chamber and these abilities were significantly impaired by treatment of cancer cells with coriander extract whose concentration did not affect proliferation. The treatment of cancer cells with coriander extract significantly reduced both matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) activities, which were involved in cell migration and invasion, in their conditioned media. Furthermore, coriander extract suppressed the phosphorylation of Erk 1 or IkB in B16F10 cells, and inhibited the expression of MMP-2 or u-PA mRNA. After injection of B16F10 cells into the tail vein of C57BL/6J mice, the number of metastatic regions in lungs were counted. Mice fed with diet containing coriander possessed a smaller number of metastatic regions than those fed with control diet. It was suggested that coriander extract might have the abilities to suppress cancer cell migration and invasion, indicating that coriander provides the improvement of cancer prognosis.

High expression of miR-483-5p aggravates sepsis-induced acute lung injury

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has high morbidity and mortality rates, and there remains a need for therapeutic methods to improve the outcome of ALI patients. miR-483-5p is an important regulator for the development of various diseases such as sepsis. Nevertheless, it is not known whether miR-483-5p has an effect on sepsis-induced ALI. To explore this issue, this study used cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-treated mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) cells to simulate the models of sepsis-induced ALI in vivo and in vitro. Pathological and histological changes of lungs from sepsis-induced ALI mice were detected by Hematoxylin-eosin staining. The detection levels of caspase-3, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were used to reflect the effect of miR-483-5p on apoptosis and inflammation of sepsis-induced ALI. The detection level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in PMVECs cells was used to reflect the severe extent of sepsis-induced injury. The expression of miR-483-5p in lung tissues of sepsis-induced ALI mice was determined by qRT-PCR. In addition, the interaction of miR-483-5p with PIAS1 was identified and validated by Targetscan website and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. The results showed that miR-483-5p was up-regulated in the lung tissues of sepsis-induced ALI mice. Knockdown of miR-483-5p effectively ameliorated lung injury in mice with sepsis-induced ALI and inhibited inflammation and apoptosis of LPS-treated PMVECs cells. Furthermore, in vitro experiment revealed that PIAS1 was a potential target of miR-483-5p. Moreover, miR-483-5p could suppress PIAS1 expression to aggravate inflammation and apoptosis of LPS-treated PMVECs cells. These findings suggest miR-483-5p is a potential therapeutic and diagnostic biomarker for sepsis-induced ALI and provide a new insight for understanding the molecular mechanism of sepsis-induced ALI.

miR-483-5p promotes esophageal cancer progression by targeting KCNQ1

OBJECTIVES

miR-483-5p has been reported to be an oncogene of various cancers, but its functional and regulatory mechanisms in esophageal cancer (EC) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the functional and molecular mechanisms of miR-483-5p in EC so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the therapeutic target for EC.

METHODS

miRNA expression profiles were downloaded from the TCGA-ESCA dataset to screen the target miRNA. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the transcriptional levels of miR-483-5p and KCNQ1 in EC cells. Western blot was conducted to determine the protein expression of KCNQ1. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was carried out to assess cell proliferation. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the targeting relationship between miR-483-5p and KCNQ1.

RESULTS

miR-483-5p was up-regulated in EC cells and could bind to the 3'-untranslational region of KCNQ1. Over-expressing miR-483-5p suppressed KCNQ1 expression. Besides, miR-483-5p over-expression facilitated EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while its down-regulation triggered opposite result. Over-expressing miR-483-5p and KCNQ1 simultaneously could weaken the promoting effect of miR-483-5p over-expression on EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

CONCLUSION

miR-483-5p as an oncogene facilitated EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeted silencing KCNQ1, which is likely to provide a basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism of EC progression.

RBM5 Acts as Tumor Suppressor in Medulloblastoma through Regulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

INTRODUCTION

RBM5 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in lung and breast cancers; however, its role in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma (MB) remains unclear. We previously identified 4 RBM5 mutations in whole exome sequencing analysis of 40 MB patients. This study examined the role of RBM5 in MB progression.

METHODS

The expression patterns of RBM5 in tissues of 40 MB patients were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Associations between RBM5 expression and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The RBM5 role in Daoy cells' proliferation, migration, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling was analyzed after RBM5 knockdown and overexpression.

RESULTS

The expression level of RBM5 mRNA and protein was significantly lower in MB than that in adjacent normal control tissues, and low RBM5 expression was significantly associated with reduced OS (p = 0.034). RBM5 knockdown induced Daoy and ONS-76 cells proliferation, while RBM5 overexpression repressed cell proliferation and migration in vitro (all p < 0.05). β-Catenin, LEF1, and cyclin D1 mRNA levels were upregulated, while DKK1 expression was downregulated in Daoy cells following RBM5 knockdown.

CONCLUSION

RBM5 may function as a tumor suppressor in MB by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and its reduced expression is associated with lower OS.

The role of insulin-like growth factors in the development of prostate cancer

INTRODUCTION

Preclinical, clinical, and population studies have provided robust evidence for an important role for the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the development of prostate cancer.

AREAS COVERED

An overview of the IGF system is provided. The evidence implicating the IGF system in the development of prostate cancer is summarized. The compelling evidence culminated in a number of clinical trials of agents targeting the system; the reasons for the failure of these trials are discussed.

EXPERT OPINION

Clinical trials of agents targeting the IGF system in prostate cancer were terminated due to limited objective clinical responses and are unlikely to be resumed unless a convincing predictive biomarker is identified that would enable the selection of likely responders. The aging population and increased screening will lead to greater diagnosis of prostate cancer. Although the vast majority will be indolent disease, the epidemics of obesity and diabetes will increase the proportion that progress to clinical disease. The increased population of worried men will result in more trials aimed to reduce the risk of disease progression; actual clinical endpoints will be challenging and the IGFs remain the best intermediate biomarkers to indicate a response that could alter the course of disease.

MicroRNA‑137 regulates hypoxia‑mediated migration and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer by targeting LGR4 via the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway

MicroRNAs (miRs) serve an integral role in prostate cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of miR‑137 in hypoxia‑mediated migration and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells were exposed to hypoxia for 24 h, after which the expression of miR‑137 was determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR). The cells were transfected with a miR‑137 mimic or inhibitor, followed by hypoxia exposure. The results demonstrated that hypoxia reduced miR‑137 expression. Further results from the Cell Counting Kit‑8, Cell Death Detection ELISA plus kit, Transwell assay, RT‑qPCR and western blotting assays revealed that the miR‑137 mimic prevented cell proliferation, facilitated apoptosis and repressed cell migration, invasiveness, and expression of N‑cadherin, vimentin and matrix metalloproteinase 2; the miR‑137 inhibitor exerted the opposite effects. A dual‑-luciferase reporter assay determined that miR‑137 directly targeted leucine‑rich repeat‑containing G protein‑coupled receptor 4 (LGR4). Additionally, miR‑137 negatively regulated the epidermal growth factor receptor/extracellular signal‑-regulated kinase (EGFR/ERK) signaling pathway by targeting LGR4. LGR4 silencing or EGFR/ERK inhibition abolished the effects of miR‑137 inhibitor on cell migration and EMT. In conclusion, by targeting LGR4 via the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway, miR‑137 inhibited prostate cancer cell migration and EMT.

LINC00908 negatively regulates microRNA-483-5p to increase TSPYL5 expression and inhibit the development of prostate cancer

Background

Accumulating evidence has associated aberrant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with various human cancers. This study aimed to explore the role of LINC00908 in prostate cancer (PCa) and its possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Microarray data associated with PCa were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to screen the differentially expressed genes or lncRNAs. Then, the expression of LINC00908 in PCa tissues and cell lines was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The localization of LINC00908 in PCa cells was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The relationship among LINC00908, microRNA (miR)-483-5p, and TSPYL5 was detected by bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and FISH assays. Cell biological behaviors were assessed after the expression of LINC00908, miR-483-5p, and TSPYL5 was altered in PCa cells. Lastly, tumor growth in nude mice was evaluated.

Results

Poorly expressed LINC00908 was witnessed in PCa tissues and cells. LINC00908 competitively bound to miR-483-5p to up-regulate the TSPYL5 expression. Overexpression of LINC00908 resulted in reduced PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, the suppression on PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion was induced by up-regulation of TSPYL5 or inhibition of miR-483-5p. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that overexpression of LINC00908 inhibited tumor growth of PCa.

Conclusion

Overall, LINC00908 could competitively bind to miR-483-5p to increase the expression of TSPYL5, thereby inhibiting the progression of PCa. Therefore, LINC00908 may serve as a novel target for the treatment of PCa.

miR-938 promotes cell proliferation by regulating RBM5 in lung adenocarcinoma cells

A growing body of research suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play a key part in the progression of various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the expression and mechanism of miR-938 (microRNA-938) in LUAD have not been defined. Compared with adjacent tissues, the level of miR-938 was up-regulated in LUAD tissues. miR-938 expression was significantly associated with tumor size. In vitro assays indicated that miR-938 expression was also increased in the LUAD cell lines. Overexpression of miR-938 promoted LUAD cell proliferation, whereas down-regulation of miR-938 had the opposite effect. We identified RNA-binding protein 5 (RBM5) as a potential target gene of miR-938 in LUAD. Expression of RBM5 was down-regulated in LUAD tumor tissues and negatively correlated with expression of miR-938. Up-regulation of RBM5 reversed cell proliferation by inhibition of miR-938 expression in LUAD cells. These results showed that miR-938 may act as an oncogenic miRNA by targeting RBM5 in LUAD, indicating that miR-938 could be used as a potential therapeutic target for LUAD patients.

WBNPMD: weighted bipartite network projection for microRNA-disease association prediction

Background

Recently, numerous biological experiments have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in exploring the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Since traditional experimental methods for miRNA-disease associations detection are costly and time-consuming, it becomes urgent to design efficient and robust computational techniques for identifying undiscovered interactions.

Methods

In this paper, we proposed a computation framework named weighted bipartite network projection for miRNA-disease association prediction (WBNPMD). In this method, transfer weights were constructed by combining the known miRNA and disease similarities, and the initial information was properly configured. Then the two-step bipartite network algorithm was implemented to infer potential miRNA-disease associations.

Results

The proposed WBNPMD was applied to the known miRNA-disease association data, and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and fivefold cross-validation were implemented to evaluate the performance of WBNPMD. As a result, our method achieved the AUCs of 0.9321 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$0.9173 \pm 0.0005$$\end{document}0.9173±0.0005 in LOOCV and fivefold cross-validation, and outperformed other four state-of-the-art methods. We also carried out two kinds of case studies on prostate neoplasm, colorectal neoplasm, and lung neoplasm, and most of the top 50 predicted miRNAs were confirmed to have an association with the corresponding diseases based on dbDeMC, miR2Disease, and HMDD V3.0 databases.

Conclusions

The experimental results demonstrate that WBNPMD can accurately infer potential miRNA-disease associations. We anticipated that the proposed WBNPMD could serve as a powerful tool for potential miRNA-disease associations excavation.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-2063-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

MicroRNA‑106b functions as an oncogene and regulates tumor viability and metastasis by targeting LARP4B in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among males worldwide, and is one of the leading causes of cancer‑related mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a type of endogenous, noncoding RNA that serve a key role in pathological processes, and have been demonstrated to be involved in the formation and progression of PCa. Previous studies have reported that miR‑106b acts as an oncogene; however, the specific effects of miR‑106b on PCa have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR‑106b in the initiation and progression of PCa. In this study, miR‑106b was reported to be overexpressed and la‑related protein 4B (LARP4B) was downregulated in PCa tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. In addition, LARP4B was identified as a target gene of miR‑106b by bioinformatics prediction analysis and a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate PCa cell viability, and migration and invasive abilities. The data revealed that inhibition of miR‑106b significantly suppressed the viability, migration and invasion of PCa cells. In addition, inhibition of miR‑106b significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of cancer‑related genes, including matrix metalloproteinase‑2, cluster of differentiation 44 and Ki‑67, and increased that of the tumor suppressor, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2. Collectively, the findings of the present study indicated that miR‑106b may target LAR4B to inhibit cancer cell viability, migration and invasion, and may be considered as a novel therapeutic target in PCa.

MicroRNA-374c-5p inhibits the development of breast cancer through TATA-box binding protein associated factor 7-mediated transcriptional regulation of DEP domain containing 1

Breast cancer is the most pervasive cancer tormenting women, with increasing incidence and mortality rates year after year. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) with abnormal expression has various effects in biological processes and progression in diverse tumors. Nevertheless, it is vitally crucial for us to inspect more underlying molecular mechanisms for the therapy of patients with breast cancer. In the paper, we inquired the expression level and potential regulation mechanism of miR‐374c‐5p in breast cancer. Our research found out that miR‐374c‐5p was low‐level expressed in breast cancer. Upregulation of miR‐374c‐5p repressed cell proliferation, migration, and also epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and induced cell apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Further, we concluded that miR‐374c‐5p interacted with TAF7 and downregulated its expression. Moreover, miR‐374c‐5p modulated DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) through mediating TAF7. Finally, rescue assays represented that miR‐374c‐5p suppressed breast cancer development via TAF7‐mediated transcriptional regulation of DEPDC1. We uncovered that overexpressed miR‐374c‐5p inhibited the development of breast cancer via TAF7‐regulated transcriptional regulation of DEPDC1, which may be a novel and vital proportion of cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Optimal subset of signature miRNAs consisting of 7 miRNAs that can serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic predictor for the progression of cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Novel prognostic biomarkers are required to predict the progression of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) significantly differentially expressed between early- and advanced-stage samples were identified by expression analysis. An optimal subset of signature miRNAs for pathologic stage prediction was delineated using the random forest algorithm and was used for the construction of a cervical cancer-specific support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The roles of signature miRNAs in cervical cancer were analyzed by functional annotation. In total, 44 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. An optimal subset of 7 signature miRNAs was identified, including hsa-miR-144, hsa-miR-147b, hsa-miR-218-2, hsa-miR-425, hsa-miR-451, hsa-miR-483 and hsa-miR-486. The signature miRNAs were used to construct an SVM classifier and exhibited a good performance in predicting pathologic stages of samples. SVM classification was found to be an independent prognostic factor. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these signature miRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis. In conclusion, the subset of signature miRNAs could potentially serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic predictor for cervical cancer.

RNA-binding protein RBM6 as a tumor suppressor gene represses the growth and progression in laryngocarcinoma

Aberrant expression of RBM6 has been implicated in the development of human malignancies. However, the bio-function of RBM6 in laryngocarcinoma is still almost blank. Here we identified that RBM6 was downregulated in laryngocarcinoma tissues, as well as laryngocarcinoma cell lines. Notably, the expression level of RBM6 was lower in laryngocarcinoma patients at stage3/4 than that in laryngocarcinoma patients at stage1/2. Upregulation of RBM6 suppressed the proliferation of TU212 and Hep-2 cells, as shown by decreased cell viability and Ki67 level. In parallel, overexpression of RBM6 inhibited invasion and promoted apoptosis of TU212 and Hep-2 cells, as evidenced by downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression and upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. In vivo, RBM6 overexpression repressed the laryngocarcinoma tumor growth. EGFR mRNA level was higher in the laryngocarcinoma tissues than that in the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, upregulation of RBM6 reduced the expression of EGFR, ERK and p-ERK in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that RBM6 as a tumor suppressor represses the growth and progression in laryngocarcinoma.

Effect of miR-483-5p on apoptosis of lung cancer cells through targeting of RBM5

RBM5 has been reported to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene which plays an important role in the induction of apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of miR-483-5p on apoptosis of lung cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. We found that the expression of miR-483-5p mRNA was significantly up-regulated in lung cancer compared with adjacent para-cancerous tissues by using real-time PCR. Silencing miR-483-5p promoted A549 cell apoptosis and enhanced caspase-3 activity by flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI staining and caspase-3 activity report kit. Western blotting demonstrated that miR-483-5p mimicked down-regulated RBM5 protein expression and miR-483-5p inhibitor up-regulated RBM5 protein expression. With additional bioinformatics analysis, we confirmed that RBM5 is a target gene of miR-483-5p and is favored for treating NSCLC. The immunohistochemical pattern of RBM5 could be used to predictoutcome for NSCLC. In conclusion, our results support that RBM5 expression can be regulated by miR-483-5p which is a prognostic marker for NSCLC patients. miR-483-5p inhibitor plays a role in lung cancer through targeting RBM5 to induce apoptosis.

miR-205-5p inhibits cell migration and invasion in prostatic carcinoma by targeting ZEB1

Many studies have demonstrated that miRNAs have influence on tumorigenesis and progression of human cancers, including invasion and migration. Thus, the role of miR-205/ZEB1 axis for the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells was explored in the present study. The miR-205-5p and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) mRNA expression levels were observed in prostate cancer tissues or cell lines via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and the protein level of ZEB1 was measured by western blotting. Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay was used to verify the relationship between miR-205-5p and ZEB1. In addition, cell migration and invasion was measured by Transwell assay. The results revealed that, compared with the control, downregulation of miR-205-5p was detected in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines, and miR-205-5p overexpression was found to inhibit cell migration and invasion. Moreover, miR-205-5p was confirmed to directly target ZEB1 in prostate cancer. Importantly, ZEB1 was identified to weaken the inhibitory effect of miR-205-5p in prostate cancer. In conclusion, miR-205-5p inhibited cell migration and invasion in prostatic carcinoma by targeting ZEB1 and miR-205-5p/ZEB1 axis shows potential to be developed in therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.

miR-30c Impedes Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation and Migration by Targeting SOX9

miR-30c has been acknowledged as a tumor suppressor in various human cancers, such as ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, and prostate cancer. However, the role of miR-30c in glioblastoma (GBM) needs to be investigated. In our study, we found that the expression of miR-30c was significantly downregulated in GBM tissues and cell lines. We found that overexpression of miR-30c inhibited cellular proliferation of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. More GBM cells were arrested in the G₀ phase after miR-30c overexpression. Moreover, we showed that miR-30c overexpression suppressed the migration and invasion of GBM cells. Mechanistically, we found that SOX9 was a direct target of miR-30c in GBM cells. Overexpression of miR-30c inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of SOX9 in GBM cells. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the expression of miR-30c and SOX9 in GBM tissues. Finally, we showed that restoration of SOX9 in GBM cells reversed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells transfected with miR-30c mimic. Collectively, our results demonstrated that miR-30c suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells via targeting SOX9.

The HMGA1 Pseudogene 7 Induces miR-483 and miR-675 Upregulation by Activating Egr1 through a ceRNA Mechanism

Several studies have established that pseudogene mRNAs can work as competing endogenous RNAs and, when deregulated, play a key role in the onset of human neoplasias. Recently, we have isolated two HMGA1 pseudogenes, HMGA1P6 and HMGA1P7. These pseudogenes have a critical role in cancer progression, acting as micro RNA (miRNA) sponges for HMGA1 and other cancer-related genes. HMGA1 pseudogenes were found overexpressed in several human carcinomas, and their expression levels positively correlate with an advanced cancer stage and a poor prognosis. In order to investigate the molecular alterations following HMGA1 pseudogene 7 overexpression, we carried out miRNA sequencing analysis on HMGA1P7 overexpressing mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Intriguingly, the most upregulated miRNAs were miR-483 and miR-675 that have been described as key regulators in cancer progression. Here, we report that HMGA1P7 upregulates miR-483 and miR-675 through a competing endogenous RNA mechanism with Egr1, a transcriptional factor that positively regulates miR-483 and miR-675 expression.