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Gerk A, Naus A, Carroll M, Ponte L, Salgado LS, Marrazzo E, Secanho M, Botelho F, Mooney D, Ferreira R, Ferreira JL. Perceived Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Surgical Training: A Brazilian Survey. J Surg Res 2024; 295:619-630. [PMID: 38101108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies revealed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) negatively impacted residency programs worldwide, particularly procedure-based programs. However, most studies are from high-income countries, with scarce data from low- and middle-income countries. Pandemic effects on surgical training were likely worse in strictly apprenticeship models relying heavily on surgical volume as opposed to competency-based programs. Notably, training programs in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries follow these strict apprenticeship style frameworks. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the trainees' perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their Brazilian surgical programs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed using an anonymous survey in Portuguese, distributed via social media platforms to surgical residents enrolled in Brazilian surgery programs. Data collection took place from August 2021 to May 2022. The survey contained 30 questions on the perception of the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training. RESULTS One-hundred sixty-two residents from 17 different surgical specialties and all five regions of Brazil responded to the survey. Of 162 residents, 145 (89%) believed the pandemic negatively impacted their surgical training. Furthermore, of 162 residents, 153 (94%) reported that elective surgical volume decreased during the pandemic and 91 (56%) were redeployed to assist with COVID-19 management. As a result, 102 of 162 (63%) residents believed their surgical skills were negatively impacted by COVID-19. Yet, 95 of 162 (59%) residents reported their residency programs did not offer resources to mitigate the pandemic's impact on training. Of 162 residents, 57 (35%) reported they did not feel on track for graduation, with no statistical difference between responses by year of residency (P = 0.083). Additionally, 124 of 162 (77%) residents reported that the pandemic negatively affected their mental health, most commonly related to stress at work, stress about transmitting COVID-19, and loss in surgical training. CONCLUSIONS Most of the surveyed Brazilian surgical residents felt the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted their training. This leads to believe that the detrimental impacts of the pandemic exposed preexisting weaknesses in the Brazilian surgical training model's dependence on a strict apprenticeship model. Our findings suggest a crucial need to redesign surgical education programs to make residency programs more prepared for changes in surgical volume, evolve the apprenticeship model to competency-based approaches, and unify surgical training standards in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Gerk
- Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Harvard Medical School, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abbie Naus
- Harvard Medical School, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madeleine Carroll
- Harvard Medical School, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucas Ponte
- School of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Enzzo Marrazzo
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biological Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Poços de Caldas, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Murilo Secanho
- Faculty of Medical Sciences of Botucatu, UNESP Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Botelho
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Childrens' Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Mooney
- Harvard Medical School, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roseanne Ferreira
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Júlia Loyola Ferreira
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Childrens' Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Gorgen ARH, Abreu FJDS, Paludo ADO, Menegolla MP, de Oliveira RT, Tavares PM, Rosito TE. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty proficiency during a residency program after adoption of a standardized simulation training program is maintained during the COVID pandemic despite reduced surgery volume. Int Braz J Urol 2023; 49:462-468. [PMID: 37267611 PMCID: PMC10482452 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2023.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the standardized laparoscopic simulation training program in pyeloplasty, following its implementation and during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, a tertiary referral center in south Brazil, in which 151 patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty performed by residents between 2006-2021. They were divided into three groups: before and after adoption of a standardized laparoscopic simulation training program and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main outcome was a combined negative outcome of conversion to open surgery, major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo III or higher) or unsuccessful procedure, defined as need for redo pyeloplasty. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in the combined negative outcome (21.1% vs 6.3%), surgical time (mean 200.0 min vs 177.4 min) and length of stay (median 5 days vs 3 days) after the adoption of simulation training program. These results were maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic (combined negative outcome of 6.3%, mean surgical time of 160.1 min and median length of stay of 3 days) despite a reduction in 55.4% of the surgical volume. CONCLUSION A structured laparoscopic simulation program can improve outcomes of laparoscopic pyeloplasty during the learning curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rebello Horta Gorgen
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreServiço de Urologia de UrologiaPorto AlegreRSBrasilServiço de Urologia de Urologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- University of CaliforniaDepartment of UrologyIrvineCAUSADepartment of Urology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA;
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRSPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ginecologia e ObstetríciaPorto AlegreRSBrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil;
| | - Fernando Jahn da Silva Abreu
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreServiço de Urologia de UrologiaPorto AlegreRSBrasilServiço de Urologia de Urologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRSPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ginecologia e ObstetríciaPorto AlegreRSBrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil;
| | - Artur de Oliveira Paludo
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreServiço de Urologia de UrologiaPorto AlegreRSBrasilServiço de Urologia de Urologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Picolo Menegolla
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreServiço de Cirurgia GeralPorto AlegreRSBrasilServiço de Cirurgia Geral, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil;
| | - Renan Timóteo de Oliveira
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreServiço de Urologia de UrologiaPorto AlegreRSBrasilServiço de Urologia de Urologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRSPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ginecologia e ObstetríciaPorto AlegreRSBrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil;
| | - Patric Machado Tavares
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreServiço de Urologia de UrologiaPorto AlegreRSBrasilServiço de Urologia de Urologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Tiago Elias Rosito
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreServiço de Urologia de UrologiaPorto AlegreRSBrasilServiço de Urologia de Urologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRSPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ginecologia e ObstetríciaPorto AlegreRSBrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil;
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulFaculdade de MedicinaPorto AlegreRSBrasilFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Daily AM, DiNatale RG, Koenig HG, Lee UJ, Fuller TW. Effect of COVID-19 on Graduating Urology Resident Case Logs: Analysis of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education National Data Reports. Urology 2022; 167:24-29. [PMID: 35779710 PMCID: PMC9242693 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the national case logs of the first graduating urologic resident cohorts to have trained during the COVID-19 pandemic for effects on surgical volumes. METHODS The nationally aggregated Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education urology resident case logs were obtained for graduates of academic years (AYs) 2015-2016 through 2020-2021. Case volume differences for tracked index categories were compared between AYs with a 1-way analysis of variance. Data were then combined into pre-COVID and COVID-affected resident cohorts and differences in average cases logged were analyzed with 2-tailed student's t-tests. RESULTS Graduating urology residents logged an average of 1322 (SD 24.8) cases over their residency during the examined period. Total cases had multiple statistical differences between AYs but the only index category with a statistically significant decrease for a COVID-affected AY compared to pre-COVID AY was pediatric majors: AY 2020-2021 logged fewer cases than AY 2015-2016 (53.9 vs 63.0, P = .004) and AY 2018-2019 (53.9 vs 61.2, P = .04). When aggregated into pre- and COVID-affected cohorts, both pediatric minor (123.4 vs 117.5, P = .049) and pediatric major (61.4 vs 56.8, P = .003) case averages decreased for the COVID-affected cohort of residents, but no adult index category decreased. CONCLUSION National graduating urology resident surgical volume for adult index categories was maintained through the pandemic. Pediatric cases saw a statistical decrease in volume of questionable clinical significance. This does not eliminate concern that individuals may have experienced a detrimental impact on their resident education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Daily
- Section of Urology and Renal Transplantation and, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Renzo G DiNatale
- Section of Urology and Renal Transplantation and, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Hannah G Koenig
- Research and Academics, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Una J Lee
- Section of Urology and Renal Transplantation and, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas W Fuller
- Section of Urology and Renal Transplantation and, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA.
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Caglayan A, Horsanali MO, Kocadurdu K, Ismailoglu E, Guneyli S. Deep learning model-assisted detection of kidney stones on computed tomography. Int Braz J Urol 2022; 48:830-839. [PMID: 35838509 PMCID: PMC9388181 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the success of a deep learning model in detecting kidney stones in different planes according to stone size on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 455 patients who underwent CT scanning for kidney stones between January 2016 and January 2020; of them, 405 were diagnosed with kidney stones and 50 were not. Patients with renal stones of 0–1 cm, 1–2 cm, and >2 cm in size were classified into groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Two radiologists reviewed 2,959 CT images of 455 patients in three planes. Subsequently, these CT images were evaluated using a deep learning model. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the deep learning model were determined. Results: The training group accuracy rates of the deep learning model were 98.2%, 99.1%, and 97.3% in the axial plane; 99.1%, 98.2%, and 97.3% in the coronal plane; and 98.2%, 98.2%, and 98.2% in the sagittal plane, respectively. The testing group accuracy rates of the deep learning model were 78%, 68% and 70% in the axial plane; 63%, 72%, and 64% in the coronal plane; and 85%, 89%, and 93% in the sagittal plane, respectively. Conclusions: The use of deep learning algorithms for the detection of kidney stones is reliable and effective. Additionally, these algorithms can reduce the reporting time and cost of CT-dependent urolithiasis detection, leading to early diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Caglayan
- Department of Urology, Izmir Bakırcay University Cigli Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozan Horsanali
- Department of Urology, Izmir Bakırcay University Cigli Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kenan Kocadurdu
- Department of Information Systems, Izmir Bakırcay University Cigli Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eren Ismailoglu
- Deparment of Radiology, Izmir Bakırçay University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Guneyli
- Deparment of Radiology, Izmir Bakırçay University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Goldman C, Pradere B, Mete M, Talso M, Bernardino R, Campi R, Marchalik D. A MULTINATIONAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON UROLOGIC SURGERY RESIDENCY AND WELLBEING. Urology 2022; 166:87-94. [PMID: 35461917 PMCID: PMC9023370 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes to the experiences and wellbeing of urology trainees in the United States(US) and European Union (EU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A 72-item anonymous online survey was distributed September 2020 to urology residents of Italy, France, Portugal, and the US. The survey assessed burnout, professional fulfillment, loneliness, depression and anxiety as well as 38 COVID specific questions. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-three urology residents responded to the survey. Surgical exposure was the main educational concern for 81% of US and 48% of EU residents. E-learning was utilized by 100% of US and 57% of EU residents with two-thirds finding it equally or more useful than traditional didactics. No significant differences were seen comparing burnout, professional fulfillment, depression, anxiety, or loneliness among US or EU residents, 73% of US and 71% of EU residents reported good to excellent quality of life during the pandemic. In the US and EU, significantly less time was spent in the hospital, clinic, and operating room (p<0.001) and residents spent more time using telehealth and working from home during the pandemic and on research projects, didactic lectures, non-medical hobbies and reading. The majority of residents reported benefit from more schedule flexibility, improved work life balance, and increased time for family, hobbies, education, and research. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant restructuring of residents' educational experience around the globe. Preservation of beneficial changes such as reduction of work hours and online learning should be pursued within this pandemic and beyond it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Goldman
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Department of Urology, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20007
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mihriye Mete
- MedStar Health, Office of Physician Wellbeing, 10980 Grantchester Way, Columbia, MD, 21044; MedStar Health Research Institute, Depart of Behavioral Health Research; Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Michele Talso
- Department of Urology ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Rui Bernardino
- Central Lisbon University Hospital Centre, Urology Department, Lisbon
| | - Riccardo Campi
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel Marchalik
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Department of Urology, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20007; MedStar Health, Office of Physician Wellbeing, 10980 Grantchester Way, Columbia, MD, 21044.
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Turkyilmaz Z, Atan A, Karabulut R, Sonmez K. Letter Regarding: COVID-19 Impact on Surgical Resident Education and Coping. J Surg Res 2021; 270:74-75. [PMID: 34644620 PMCID: PMC8450063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Turkyilmaz
- Pediatric Surgery, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine: Gazi Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÇO, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Atan
- Pediatric Surgery, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine: Gazi Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÇO, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Karabulut
- Pediatric Surgery, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine: Gazi Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÇO, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kaan Sonmez
- Pediatric Surgery, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine: Gazi Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÇO, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
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Khusid JA, Kashani M, Fink LE, Weinstein CS, Gupta M. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Urology Residents: a Narrative Review. Curr Urol Rep 2021; 22:45. [PMID: 34427779 PMCID: PMC8382932 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-021-01063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges for urology resident education. In this review, we discuss the pandemic's impact on urology trainees and their education. RECENT FINDINGS Urology trainees were often redeployed to frontline services in unfamiliar clinical settings. Residents often experienced increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Many programs instituted virtual "check-ins" and formed liaisons with mental health services to foster cohesiveness. Urology trainees experienced the integration of telehealth into the clinical realm. Virtual surgery lectures and simulations were utilized to augment surgical education. Academic governing bodies upheld resident protections and provided dynamic guidance for training requirement throughout the pandemic. Medical students were unable to participate in traditional in-person away rotations and interviews, complicating the residency application process. The COVID-19 pandemic shook the healthcare system and ushered in seismic changes for urology trainees worldwide. Though the longstanding effects of the pandemic remain to be seen, urology residents have demonstrated tremendous resilience and bravery throughout this challenging period, and those qualities will undeniably withstand the test of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan A. Khusid
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Mahyar Kashani
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Lauren E. Fink
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Corey S. Weinstein
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Mantu Gupta
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
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Atan A. RE: Impact of COVID-19 on a urology residency program. Int Braz J Urol 2021; 47:908-910. [PMID: 33848090 PMCID: PMC8321489 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2021.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Atan
- Gazi University Tip Fakultesi, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Calcagnile T, Sighinolfi MC, Sarchi L, Assumma S, Filippi B, Bonfante G, Cassani A, Spandri V, Turri F, Puliatti S, Bozzini G, Moschovas M, Bianchi G, Micali S, Rocco B. COVID-19 and slowdown of residents' activity: Feedback from a novel e-learning event and overview of the literature. Urologia 2021; 88:332-336. [PMID: 33749385 DOI: 10.1177/03915603211001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of an e-learning online event, created for supporting resident's training during the slowdown of surgical and clinical activities caused by COVID-19 pandemic. An overview of PubMed literature depicting the state of the art of urology residency in the COVID-19 era was performed as well, to contextualize the issue. METHODS An online learning event for residents was set up at the beginning of the pandemic; the faculty consisted of experts in urology who provided on-line lectures and videos on surgical anatomy, procedures, updates in guidelines, technology, training. The audience was composed of 30-500 attendees from Italy, USA, India and Belgium. A questionnaire to analyze relevance, satisfaction and popularity of the lessons was mailed to 30 local residents. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Almost all residents defined the web environment suitable to achieve the learning outcomes; the method, the number and the competence of the faculty were appropriate/excellent. Most of the younger residents (81.8%) stated their surgical knowledge would improve after the course; 72.7% declared they would take advantage into routine inpatients clinical activity. Nineteen more expert residents agreed that the course would improve their surgical knowledge and enhance their practical skills; almost all stated that the initiative would change their outpatients and inpatients practice. Overall, 44 articles available in PubMed have addressed the concern of urological learning and training during the pandemic from different standpoints; four of them considered residents' general perception towards web-based learning programs. CONCLUSIONS The paper confirms residents' satisfaction with e-learning methods and, to our knowledge, is the first one focusing on a specific event promptly settled up at the beginning of the outbreak. Web-based educational experience developed during the pandemic may represent the very basis for the implementation of prospective on-site training and overall scientific update of future urologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Calcagnile
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Luca Sarchi
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simone Assumma
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Filippi
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonfante
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cassani
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Spandri
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Turri
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Puliatti
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bozzini
- Department of Urology, ASST Valle Olona Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - Marcio Moschovas
- Department of Urology, Advent Health Global Robotics Institute, Celebration, FL, USA
| | - Giampaolo Bianchi
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Micali
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Bernardo Rocco
- Department of Urology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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