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Abusrewil S, Scott JA, Alqahtani SS, Butcher MC, Tiba M, Kumar C, Mulvihill DM, Ramage G, McLean W. The Effect of Chitosan Incorporation on Physico-Mechanical and Biological Characteristics of a Calcium Silicate Filling Material. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:100. [PMID: 38668012 PMCID: PMC11048767 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A tricalcium silicate-based cement, Biodentine™, has displayed antibiofilm activity when mixed with chitosan powder. This study aimed to assess the effect of chitosan incorporation on the physico-mechanical and biological properties of Biodentine™. METHODS In this study, medium molecular weight chitosan powder was incorporated into Biodentine™ in varying proportions (2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 20 wt%). The setting time was determined using a Vicat apparatus, solubility was assessed by calculating weight variation after water immersion, radiopacity was evaluated and expressed in millimeters of aluminum, the compressive strength was evaluated using an Instron testing machine, and the microhardness was measured with a Vickers microhardness tester. In addition, surface topography of specimens was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, and the effect of chitosan on the viability of human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells was measured by a colorimetric MTT assay. RESULTS Incorporation of 2.5 wt% and 5 wt% chitosan powder delivered an advantage by speeding up the setting time of Biodentine material. However, the incorporation of chitosan compromised all other material properties and the crystalline structure in a dose-dependent manner. The chitosan-modified material also showed significant decreases in the proliferation of the HEK 293 cells, signifying decreased biocompatibility. SIGNIFICANCE Chitosan incorporation into calcium silicate materials adversely affects the physical and biological properties of the material. Despite the increased antimicrobial activity of the modified material, the diminution in these properties is likely to reduce its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Abusrewil
- Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UK; (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (M.T.); (W.M.)
| | - J. Alun Scott
- Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UK; (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (M.T.); (W.M.)
| | - Saeed S. Alqahtani
- Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UK; (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (M.T.); (W.M.)
| | - Mark C. Butcher
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK;
| | - Mohammed Tiba
- Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UK; (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (M.T.); (W.M.)
| | - Charchit Kumar
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Group, James Watt, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (C.K.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Daniel M. Mulvihill
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Group, James Watt, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (C.K.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UK; (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (M.T.); (W.M.)
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK;
| | - William McLean
- Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UK; (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (M.T.); (W.M.)
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Palmer G, Jamous F. New-onset haemoptysis and associated lung mass in the setting of dental care avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/12/e242850. [PMID: 34969784 PMCID: PMC8719131 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of new-onset haemoptysis and associated lung lesion on chest imaging in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. This was believed to be due to dental care avoidance after tooth fracture and long-term use of temporary dental filler, with subsequent aspiration and bronchial injury. Our patient underwent bronchoscopy due to persistent haemoptysis with findings of mild traumatic injury. She responded to conservative management with no pharmacologic intervention. With time, there was resolution of symptoms and radiographic improvement of the lung lesion. We include a brief discussion on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare avoidance, complications of tooth fracture and the differential diagnosis of a new solitary lung lesion on chest imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geralyn Palmer
- Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Fady Jamous
- Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
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Ermis RB, Yildirim D, Yildiz G, Gormez O. Radiopacity evaluation of contemporary resin composites by digitization of images. Eur J Dent 2014; 8:342-347. [PMID: 25202214 PMCID: PMC4144132 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.137644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of different composite resins and compare the values to those of human enamel and dentine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five specimens of each material with thicknesses of 2 mm were prepared and radiographed alongside aluminum step wedge and human enamel and dentin. Three occlusal radiographs for each material were taken and digitized using a desktop scanner. Mean gray values of the test materials were measured using Image J software. Then a conversion was performed according to establish the radiopacity of the test materials, in millimeters of equivalent Al. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS The radiopacity values varied among the restorative materials (P < 0.05). The radiopacity values of the materials tested were, in decreasing order: Enamel Plus HRI > Z250 > Filtek Ultimate ≥ Z550 > Nexcomp ≥ Nanoceram Bright > enamel ≥ Estelite Sigma Quick > Clearfil Majesty Esthetic ≥ Reflexions XLS ≥ Aelite LS Posterior ≥ dentin ≥ 2 mm Al. CONCLUSION All resin composite materials investigated in this study presented different radiopacity values. However, all materials had radiopacity values greater than dentin and had sufficient radiopacity to meet International Organization for Standardization 4049 standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Banu Ermis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye
| | - Derya Yildirim
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye
| | - Gul Yildiz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye
| | - Ozlem Gormez
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye
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de Moraes Porto ICC, Honório NC, Amorim DAN, de Melo Franco AV, Penteado LAM, Parolia A. Comparative radiopacity of six current adhesive systems. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:65-9. [PMID: 24554865 PMCID: PMC3915390 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.124151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radiopacity of contemporary adhesive systems has been mentioned as the indication for replacement of restorations due to misinterpretation of radiographic images. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the radiopacity of contemporary bonding agents and to compare their radiodensities with those of enamel and dentin. METHODS AND MATERIALS To measure the radiopacity, eight specimens were fabricated from Clearfil SE Bond (CF), Xeno V (XE), Adper SE Bond (ASE), Magic Bond (MB), Single Bond 2 (SB), Scotchbond Multipurpose (SM), and gutta-percha (positive control). The optical densities of enamel, dentin, the bonding agents, gutta-percha, and an aluminium (Al) step wedge were obtained from radiographic images using image analysis software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The radiographic density data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α =0.05). RESULTS Significant differences were found between ASE and all other groups tested and between XE and CF. No statistical difference was observed between the radiodensity of 1 mm of Al and 1 mm of dentin, between 2 mm of Al and enamel, and between 5 mm of Al and gutta-percha. Five of the six adhesive resins had radiopacity values that fell below the value for dentin, whereas the radiopacity of ASE adhesive was greater than that of dentin but below that of enamel. CONCLUSION This investigation demonstrates that only ASE presented a radiopacity within the values of dentin and enamel. CF, XE, MB, SB, and SM adhesives are all radiolucent and require alterations to their composition to facilitate their detection by means of radiographic images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naira Cândido Honório
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Cesmac University Center, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Abhishek Parolia
- Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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In vitro and in vivo degradation evaluation of novel iron-bioceramic composites for bone implant applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 36:336-44. [PMID: 24433920 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable metals such as magnesium, iron and their alloys have been known as potential materials for temporary medical implants. However, most of the studies on biodegradable metals have been focusing on optimizing their mechanical properties and degradation behavior with no emphasis on improving their bioactivity behavior. We therefore investigated the possibility of improving iron biodegradation rate and bioactivity by incorporating various bioactive bioceramics. The iron-based bioceramic (hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and biphasic calcium phosphate) composites were prepared by mechanical mixing and sintering process. Degradation studies indicated that the addition of bioceramics lowered the corrosion potential of the composites and slightly increased their corrosion rate compared to that of pure iron. In vitro cytotoxicity results showed an increase of cellular activity when rat smooth muscle cells interacted with the degrading composites compared to pure iron. X-ray radiogram analysis showed a consistent degradation progress with that found in vivo and positive tissue response up to 70 days implantation in sheep animal model. Therefore, the iron-based bioceramic composites have the potential to be used for biodegradable bone implant applications.
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Lachowski KM, Botta SB, Lascala CA, Matos AB, Sobral MAP. Study of the radio-opacity of base and liner dental materials using a digital radiography system. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013; 42:20120153. [PMID: 23393292 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20120153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the radio-opacity of commercially available glass ionomer cements (GICs), flowable resin composites (FRCs) and calcium hydroxide cements (CHCs) and compared this with the radio-opacity of enamel, dentine and aluminium stepwedge. 16 GICs, 8 FRCs and 4 CHCs were analysed. METHODS Three sets of three samples were prepared: 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm thickness for GIC and FRC and 1 mm thickness for CHC. Specimens of enamel and dentine with the same thicknesses were obtained. As a control, an aluminium stepwedge was used. Radiographs were taken with a digital Kodak RVG 5000 (0.32 s, 30 cm). The images were analysed using the Image Tool(®) program (v. 2.00; The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TV) to obtain the mean grey values. RESULTS Analysis of variance was used to investigate the significance of differences among the groups. For pairwise comparisons, the Tukey test was applied (p < 0.05). The GICs Ionomaster (Wilcos, Petrópolis, Brazil), Maxxion (FGM, Joinville, Brazil), Bioglass R (Biodinâmica, Ibiporã, Brazil), Bioglass F (Biodinâmica), Vidrion R (SS White, Rio de Janerio, Brazil) and Vidrion F (SS White), presented radio-opacity lower than that of dentine. All FRCs and CHCs studied showed radio-opacity higher than that of dentine. Vitro Fil (DFL, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Magic Glass (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Vitrebond (3M, Sumaré SP, Brazil), Riva Self Cure (SDI, Victoria, Australia), Riva Light Cure (SDI), Fill Magic (Vigodent), Opallis (FGM, Joinville, Brazil), Surefil SDR (Dentsply, Milford, DE), Tetric N (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein), Tetric (Ivoclar Vivadent), Hydro C (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Brazil), Hydcal (Technew, Madalena, Portugal) and Liner (Vigodent) showed radio-opacity similar to or greater than that of enamel for all thicknesses. CONCLUSIONS The increased thickness of the materials studied increases their radio-opacity. Some commercially available GICs used as a base and liner for restorations have a very low radio-opacity (Ionomaster, Maxxion, Bioglass R, Bioglass F, Vidrion R and Vidrion F).
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Lachowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Borges AH, Pedro FLM, Semanoff-Segundo A, Miranda CES, Pécora JD, Cruz Filho AM. Radiopacity evaluation of Portland and MTA-based cements by digital radiographic system. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:228-32. [PMID: 21625738 PMCID: PMC4234334 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radiopacity of Portland and MTA-based cements using the Digora TM digital radiographic system. MATERIAL AND METHODS The performed tests followed specification number 57 from the American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association (2000) for endodontic sealing materials. The materials were placed in 5 acrylic plates, especially designed for this experiment, along with a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 1 to 10 mm in thickness. The set was radiographed at a 30 cm focus-object distance and with 0.2 s exposure time. After the radiographs were taken, the optical laser readings of radiographs were performed by Digora TM system. Five radiographic density readings were performed for each studied material and for each step of the aluminum scale. RESULTS White ProRoot MTA (155.99±8.04), gray ProRoot MTA (155.96±16.30) and MTA BIO (143.13±16.94) presented higher radiopacity values (p<0.05), while white non-structural Portland (119.76±22.34), gray Portland (109.71±4.90) and white structural Portland (99.59±12.88) presented lower radiopacity values (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MTA-based cements were the only materials presenting radiopacity within the ANSI/ADA specifications.
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Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Cementation of implant prostheses is a common practice. Excess cement in the gingival sulcus may harm the periodontal tissues. Identification of the excess cement may be possible with the use of radiographs if the cement has sufficient radiopacity. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic density of different cements used for implant prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight different cements were compared: TempBond Original (TBO), TempBond NE (TBN), Fleck's (FL), Dycal (DY), RelyX Unicem (RXU), RelyX Luting (RXL), Improv (IM), and Premier Implant Cement (PIC). Specimen disks, 2 mm in thickness, were radiographed. Images were made using photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates with standardized exposure values. The average grey level of the central area of each specimen disk was selected and measured in pixels using a software analysis program, ImageTool, providing an average grey level value representative of radiodensity for each of the 8 cements. The radiodensity was determined using the grey level values of the test materials, which were recorded and compared to a standard aluminum step wedge. An equivalent thickness of aluminum in millimeters was calculated using best straight line fit estimates. To assess contrast effects by varying the exposure settings, a second experiment using 1-mm-thick cement specimens radiographed at both 60 kVp and 70 kVp was conducted. The PSP plates with specimens were measured for a grey level value comparison to the standard aluminum step wedge, using the same software program. RESULTS The highest grey level values were recorded for the zinc cements (TBO, TBN, and FL), with the 1-mm specimen detectable at both 60- and 70-kVp settings. A lower grey level was recorded for DY, indicative of a lower radiodensity compared to the zinc cements, but higher than RXL and RXU. The implant-specific cements had the lowest grey level values. IM could only be detected in 2-mm-thick sections with a lower aluminum equivalence value than the previously mentioned cements. PIC could not be detected radiographically for either the 1-mm or 2-mm thicknesses at either of the kVp settings. CONCLUSIONS Some types of cement commonly used for the cementation of implant-supported prostheses have poor radiodensity and may not be detectable following radiographic examination.
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Gorduysus M, Avcu N. Evaluation of the radiopacity of different root canal sealers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:e135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Amirouche A, Mouzali M, Watts DC. Radiopacity evaluation of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA/opaque mineral filler dental composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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