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Siddiqui A, Gul A, Khan H, Anjum F, Hussain T. Bio-inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Salsola imbricataand its application as antibacterial additive in glass ionomer cement. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:355101. [PMID: 38806018 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad50e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained immense popularity and observed rapid development due to the remarkable physio-chemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and related nanomaterials. The green production of NPs has many benefits over traditional techniques because the current procedures are expensive, time-consuming, and involve harmful substances that limit their applicability. This study aimed to use a novel green source, theSalsola imbricata(SI) plant, which is commonly found in Central Asia and known for its medicinal properties as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. The current study also utilized efficient statistical design, the Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) of Experiment method to synthesize the NPs. The characterization of NPs was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PBD results showed that only two out of four factorsi.e.AgNO3concentration and incubation time, were significant for the synthesis of SI-AgNPs. While remaining factors, incubation temperature and plant extract: AgNO3ratio were non-significant. The SEM analysis result showed that SI-AgNPs had a size of 20-50 nm. The SI-AgNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against oral pathogens such asS. mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, with the highest efficacy observed at a concentration of 2 mg ml-1. The addition of SI-AgNPs in glass ionomer cement significantly increased the antibacterial activity of GIC againstS. mutans. Based on the results of the current study, the plant based AgNPs can be further evaluated in detail as alternate antimicrobial agent either alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents for different dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anosha Siddiqui
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Gul
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hanzala Khan
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Anjum
- Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Sasikala D, Baghkomeh PN, Farzan JM. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste and amoxicillin clavulanate paste as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2024; 21:10. [PMID: 38476718 PMCID: PMC10929719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) is the commonly used intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis. Amoxicillin clavulanate paste (ACP) is recommended as a "fall-back" antibiotic when traditional dental antibiotics fail. Literature comparing the antimicrobial efficacy of TAP and ACP in eradicating E. faecalis from the root canal system is sparse; hence, this in vitro study was conducted to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of TAP and ACP as an intracanal medicament for endodontic treatment of single-rooted permanent teeth against E. faecalis. Materials and Methods This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 60 root samples obtained from extracted single-rooted human permanent teeth. The canal diameter was enlarged and subsequently infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. Four groups of the contaminated samples were treated with TAP, ACP, calcium hydroxide (positive control), and saline (negative control), respectively. Dentinal shavings were collected at the end of the 1st, 7th, and 10th day and inoculated in agar plates. The number of colony-forming units was determined, and the data were statistically analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean number of E. faecalis colony counts across all 3 test days demonstrated that TAP exhibited the highest inhibition of bacterial growth, followed by ACP which is not statistically significant (P = 1.00). Conclusion Considering the limitations of this in vitro study, the findings suggest that ACP could be an effective alternative intracanal medicament to TAP for endodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhandayuthapani Sasikala
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parisa Norouzi Baghkomeh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jamaluddin Mohammed Farzan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dede M, Basche S, Neunzehn J, Dannemann M, Hannig C, Kühne MT. Efficacy of Endodontic Disinfection Protocols in an E. faecalis Biofilm Model-Using DAPI Staining and SEM. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040176. [PMID: 37103266 PMCID: PMC10145082 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfection protocols in a novel Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model based on a visualization method and to evaluate the potential alteration of dentinal surface. A total of 120 extracted human premolars were allocated to 6 groups with different irrigation protocols. The assessment of the effectiveness of each protocol and the alteration of dentinal surface were visualized by using SEM and fluorescence microscopy (DAPI). A dense E. faecalis biofilm with a penetration depth of 289 μm (medial part of the root canal) and 93 μm (apical part) validated that the biofilm model had been successfully implemented. A significant difference between the 3% NaOCl groups and all the other groups in both observed parts of the root canal (p < 0.05) was detected. However, the SEM analysis revealed that the dentinal surface in the 3% NaOCl groups was severely altered. The established biofilm model and the visualization method based on DAPI are appropriate for bacterial quantification and evaluation of the depth effect of different disinfection protocols in the root canal system. The combination of 3% NaOCl with 20% EDTA or MTAD with PUI allows the decontamination of deeper dentine zones within the root canal but simultaneously alters the dentinal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dede
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sabine Basche
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Neunzehn
- Vertriebsgesellschaft GmbH, Geistlich Biomaterials, Schneidweg 5, 76534 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Martin Dannemann
- Faculty of Automotive Engineering, Institute of Energy and Transport Engineering, Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau, 08056 Zwickau, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Kühne
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Moryl M, Palatyńska-Ulatowska A, Maszewska A, Grzejdziak I, Dias de Oliveira S, Pradebon MC, Steier L, Różalski A, Poli de Figueiredo JA. Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal Enterococcus faecalis Infections. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6494. [PMID: 36362722 PMCID: PMC9658868 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bacteriophage therapy has emerged as a strategy supplementing traditional disinfection protocols to fight biofilms. The aim of the study was to isolate the phages against E. faecalis and to characterize its biological features, morphology, and lytic activity in a formed biofilm model. METHODS E. faecalis ATCC 29212 strain was used for the trial. Two novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e virulent phages were isolated from urban wastewater and characterized. The E. faecalis biofilm was established in 15 bovine teeth for 21 days. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopes with the colony-forming unit (CFU) counting were used for assessment. RESULTS Isolated phages differed in morphology. Taxonomy for vB_Efa29212_2e (Siphoviridae, Efquatovirus) and for vB_Efa29212_3e (Herelleviridae, Kochikohdavirus) was confirmed. Both phages were stable at a temperature range of 4-50 °C and showed a different tolerance to chemicals: 15% EDTA, 1-3% sodium hypochlorite, and chlorhexidine. SEM analysis showed distortion of bacteria cells after phage inoculation, which proved the lytic activity against E. faecalis. A 54.6% reduction in the E. faecalis biofilm confirmed bacteriophage efficacy against isolates in the ex vivo model. CONCLUSIONS Results strongly support the concept that phage therapy has a real therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of E. faecalis-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Moryl
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Maszewska
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Grzejdziak
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Silvia Dias de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul–PUCRS, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Marieli Chitolina Pradebon
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Allegre 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Liviu Steier
- Robert Schattner Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antoni Różalski
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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de Oliveira HF, da Silva Júnior IF, Teixeira LCG, Camilo NG, de Almeida Decurcio D, Guedes OA, de Araújo Estrela CR. Influence of different agitation techniques on bacterial reduction in curved root canals. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 49:104-110. [PMID: 35488771 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of agitation techniques on bacterial reduction in curved root canals. Eighty human mandibular molars were prepared, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated at 37°C for 60 days. Then, specimens were randomly separated into two test groups (n = 36) and two control groups (n = 04) according to agitation technique: Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI, Irrisonic) and XP-endo Finisher (XPF). Microbial samples were collected before and after instrumentation and after final agitation using sterile paper points. Bacterial growth was analysed by turbidity of culture medium and UV spectrophotometry. The Wilcoxon rank test was used for the paired analysis, while the Mann-Whitney U-test was used for the non-paired analysis. The samples collected after final agitation were significantly different between test groups (p < 0.05). Bacterial reduction was greater in the PUI than in the XPF (p < 0.05) group. The irrigant agitation provided significant bacterial reduction. The use of the PUI showed better results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Naira Geovana Camilo
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Evangelical University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Orlando Aguirre Guedes
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Evangelical University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
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Morozova Y, Voborná I, Žižka R, Bogdanová K, Večeřová R, Rejman D, Kolář M, Do Pham DD, Holík P, Moštěk R, Rosa M, Pospíšilová L. Ex Vivo Effect of Novel Lipophosphonoxins on Root Canal Biofilm Produced by Enterococcus faecalis: Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010129. [PMID: 35054522 PMCID: PMC8781533 DOI: 10.3390/life12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The root canal system has complex anatomical and histological features that make it impossible to completely remove all bacteria by mechanical means only; they must be supplemented with disinfectant irrigation. Current disinfectants are unable to eliminate certain microorganisms that persist in the root canal, resulting in treatment failure. At the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Prague, novel substances with the bactericidal effect, termed lipophosphonoxins (LPPOs), have been discovered. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the ex vivo effects of second- and third-generation LPPOs on Enterococcus faecalis and compare them with 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). (2) Methods: The root canal’s dentin was used as a carrier for biofilm formation in the extracted human mature mandibular premolars. The samples were filled with cultivation broth and 0.25% glucose with tested solutions. In control samples, only fresh cultivation broth (negative control) and cultivation broth with bacterial suspension (growth control) were used. Each sample was inoculated with E. faecalis CCM4224 except for the negative control, and cultivation was performed. To determine the number of planktonic cells, the sample content was inoculated on blood agar. To evaluate biofilm formation inhibition, samples were placed in tubes with BHI. (3) Results: LPPOs exhibited a reduction in biofilm growth and bacteria comparable to NaOCl, and they were superior to other tested disinfectants. (4) Conclusions: The study results suggest the effect of lipophosphonoxins on E. faecalis CCM 4224 reduces planktonic bacterial cells and inhibits formation of biofilm in root canal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Morozova
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Palackého 12, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.Ž.); (P.H.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Iva Voborná
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Palackého 12, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.Ž.); (P.H.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Radovan Žižka
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Palackého 12, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.Ž.); (P.H.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Kateřina Bogdanová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (R.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Renata Večeřová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (R.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Dominik Rejman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fleming Square 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.R.); (D.D.D.P.)
| | - Milan Kolář
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (R.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Duy Dinh Do Pham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fleming Square 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.R.); (D.D.D.P.)
| | - Pavel Holík
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Palackého 12, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.Ž.); (P.H.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Roman Moštěk
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Palackého 12, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.Ž.); (P.H.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Matej Rosa
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Palackého 12, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.Ž.); (P.H.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Lenka Pospíšilová
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Palackého 12, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.Ž.); (P.H.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
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Hui WL, Perrotti V, Piattelli A, Ostrikov KK, Fang Z, Quaranta A. Cold atmospheric plasma coupled with air abrasion in liquid medium for the treatment of peri-implantitis model grown with a complex human biofilm: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6633-6642. [PMID: 33893556 PMCID: PMC8602208 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of implants with peri-implantitis is often unsuccessful due to residual microbial biofilm hindering re-osseointegration. The aim of this study was to treat biofilm-grown titanium (Ti) implants with different modalities involving air abrasion (AA) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to compare the effectiveness in surface decontamination and the alteration/preservation of surface topography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saliva collected from a peri-implantitis patient was used to in vitro develop human biofilm over 35 implants with moderately rough surface. The implants were then mounted onto standardized acrylic blocks simulating peri-implantitis defects and treated with AA (erythritol powder), CAP in a liquid medium, or a combination (COM) of both modalities. The remaining biofilm was measured by crystal violet (CV). Surface features and roughness before and after treatment were assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS In the present peri-implantitis model, the human complex biofilm growth was successful as indicated by the statistical significance between the negative and positive controls. All the treatment groups resulted in a remarkable implant surface decontamination, with values very close to the negative control for AA and COM. Indeed, statistically significant differences in the comparison between the positive control vs. all the treatment groups were found. SEM analysis showed no post-treatment alterations on the implant surface in all the groups. CONCLUSIONS Decontamination with AA delivering erythritol with or without CAP in liquid medium demonstrated compelling efficacy in the removal of biofilm from implants. All the tested treatments did not cause qualitative alterations to the Ti surface features. No specific effects of the CAP were observed, although further studies are necessary to assess its potential as monotherapy with different settings or in combination with other decontamination procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CAP is a promising option in the treatment of peri-implantitis because it has potential to improve the elimination of bacterial plaque from implant surfaces, in inaccessible pockets or during open-flap debridement, and should stimulate the process of the re-osseointegration of affected dental implants by not altering surface features and roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lai Hui
- Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Formerly, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Zhi Fang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Alessandro Quaranta
- Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Formerly, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Garg A, Mala K, Kamath PM. Biofilm models in endodontics-A narrative review. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:2-9. [PMID: 34475672 PMCID: PMC8378488 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_621_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of biofilm and its eradication from the root canal system are of utmost importance in the clinical practice of an endodontist. Various treatment strategies and protocols have been demonstrated and discussed by numerous clinicians and researchers, on these models, that play an important role in the treatment outcome . Once a biofilm model is developed by considering various factors, several methods can be used to assess the biofilms formed on these models. This review discusses the importance of biofilm models in endodontics, types of biofilm models and factors associated with developing and the methods to evaluate these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Garg
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences,Mangalore, Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kundabala Mala
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences,Mangalore, Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Madhav Kamath
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences,Mangalore, Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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9
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Panariello BHD, Kindler JK, Spolnik KJ, Ehrlich Y, Eckert GJ, Duarte S. Use of electromagnetic stimulation on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm on root canal treated teeth in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8306. [PMID: 33859338 PMCID: PMC8050066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Root canal disinfection is of utmost importance in the success of the treatment, thus, a novel method for achieving root canal disinfection by electromagnetic waves, creating a synergistic reaction via electric and thermal energy, was created. To study electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) for the disinfection of root canal in vitro, single rooted teeth were instrumented with a 45.05 Wave One Gold reciprocating file. Specimens were sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29,212, which grew for 15 days to form an established biofilm. Samples were treated with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 1.5% NaOCl 1.5% NaOCl with EMS, 0.9% saline with EMS or 0.9% saline. After treatments, the colony forming units (CFU) was determined. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test (α = 0.05). One sample per group was scored and split for confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. There was a significant effect with the use of NaOCl with or without EMS versus 0.9% saline with or without EMS (p = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively). CFUs were lower when using 0.9% saline with EMS versus 0.9% saline alone (p = 0.002). Confocal imaging confirmed CFU findings. EMS with saline has an antibiofilm effect against E. faecalis and can potentially be applied for endodontic disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz H D Panariello
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121 W Michigan St, DS406, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Justin K Kindler
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kenneth J Spolnik
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ygal Ehrlich
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - George J Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121 W Michigan St, DS406, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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10
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Hui WL, Ipe D, Perrotti V, Piattelli A, Fang Z, Ostrikov K, Quaranta A. Novel technique using cold atmospheric plasma coupled with air-polishing for the treatment of titanium discs grown with biofilm: An in-vitro study. Dent Mater 2020; 37:359-369. [PMID: 33358017 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the decontamination efficacy and titanium surface alterations of erythritol based air abrasion (AA) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) targeting a human complex biofilm. METHODS Saliva collected from a peri-implantitis patient was used to develop in vitro human biofilm over titanium discs with machined (group A) and moderately rough (group B) surface. The discs were treated with AA, experimental CAP or a combination of both treatments (COM). The amount of biofilm on the discs was measured by crystal violet (CV). Surface features and roughness before and after treatment were assessed by SEM and laser profilometry, respectively. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test after being checked for normality by Shapiro-Wilk test. RESULTS All the discs in group A performed better to treatments compared to group B. In both groups, CV data showed significantly lower amount of biofilm after AA treatment compared to CAP (p<0.05). Cleaning efficacy revealed relevant decontamination of both the surfaces following AA and COM treatments and almost complete biofilm removal after AA application on group A (99.92%). SEM analysis demonstrated no post-treatment alterations on the discs and laser profilometry did not show statistically significant changes in Sa and Sdr values. SIGNIFICANCE Decontamination with AA delivering erythritol with or without CAP is highly effective in biofilm removal from different titanium surfaces. All the tested treatments, including CAP showed no noticeable alterations of the titanium discs surface features. Further in vivo studies are necessary to understand the potential of CAP technology in implant surface decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lai Hui
- Private Practice, Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deepak Ipe
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Zhi Fang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Alessandro Quaranta
- Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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11
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Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Amando BR, Ocadaque CJ, Aguiar LD, Paiva DDDQ, Diógenes EM, Guedes GMDM, Costa CL, Santos-Filho ASP, Andrade ARCD, Cordeiro RDA, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. Mini-review: from in vitro to ex vivo studies: an overview of alternative methods for the study of medical biofilms. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:1129-1148. [PMID: 33349038 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1859499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are a natural adaptation of microorganisms, typically composed of multiple microbial species, exhibiting complex community organization and cooperation. Biofilm dynamics and their complex architecture are challenging for basic analyses, including the number of viable cells, biomass accumulation, biofilm morphology, among others. The methods used to study biofilms range from in vitro techniques to complex in vivo models. However, animal welfare has become a major concern, not only in society, but also in the academic and scientific field. Thus, the pursuit for alternatives to in vivo biofilm analyses presenting characteristics that mimic in vivo conditions has become essential. In this context, the present review proposes to provide an overview of strategies to study biofilms of medical interest, with emphasis on alternatives that approximate experimental conditions to host-associated environments, such as the use of medical devices as substrata for biofilm formation, microcosm and ex vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rocha Amando
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Crister José Ocadaque
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lara de Aguiar
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Débora Damásio de Queiroz Paiva
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Expedito Maia Diógenes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cecília Leite Costa
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Anísio Silvestre Pinheiro Santos-Filho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Colares de Andrade
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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12
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Electrochemical Disinfection of Experimentally Infected Teeth by Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode Treatment. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122037. [PMID: 31766433 PMCID: PMC6947473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disinfection and prevention of re-infection are the decisive treatment steps in endodontic therapy. In this study, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been fabricated and used for disinfecting the root canals of extracted human teeth, which had been covered with bacterial biofilms formed by Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The growth of B. subtilis could be successfully impaired, achieving a complete disinfection after 8.5 min treatment time with the success of disinfection depending on the insertion depth of the electrode in the root canal. S. epidermidis could completely be removed after 3.5 min treatment time. A clinically applicable electrode array led to complete disinfection after treatment times of 10 min for S. epidermidis and 25 min for B. subtilis. BDD electrode application allowed for the improved disinfection of root canals and dentin tubules based on a continuous production of reactive oxygen species and their enhanced penetration of dentin tubules most likely due the formation of a continuous stream of small gas bubbles. The treatment times that are required here will be shortened in clinical application, as mechanical shaping of the canal system would precede the disinfection process.
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Virgicin, a novel lanthipeptide from Virgibacillus sp. strain AK90 exhibits inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:133. [PMID: 31432254 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a significant increase in the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds in recent past to combat drug resistant pathogens. Members of the genus Bacillus and related genera have been screened extensively due to their ability to produce wide range of antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we have isolated and characterized a new antimicrobial peptide from a marine bacterium identified as Virgibacillus species. The low molecular mass and stability of the antimicrobial substance pointed towards the bacteriocinogenic nature of the compound. The RAST analysis of genome sequence showed presence of a putative bacteriocin biosynthetic cluster containing genes necessary for synthesis of a lanthipeptide. Translated amino acid sequence of mature C-terminal propeptide showed identity with salivaricin A (52.2%) and lacticin A (33.3%). Accordingly, the mass (2417 Da) obtained by MALDI analysis was in agreement with posttranslational modifications of the leader peptide to yield three methyl lanthionine rings and a disulfide bond between two free cysteine residues. The lanthipeptide was named as virgicin, which selectively inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis. Inhibition of biofilm formation by E. faecalis was also observed in in vitro model experiments using hydroxyapatite discs. Thus, virgicin appears to be a promising new bacteriocin to control oral biofilm formation by selective pathogens.
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14
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de Miranda MDCM, Carvalho CM, Faria FS, Nobreza AMS, Pereira TM, Pivatto K, da Costa MV, Guedes OA, de Araújo Estrela CR, Borges ÁH. Antibacterial Activity of Phytochemical Extracts and Endophytic Fungi of Carapa Guianensis Against Enterococcus Faecalis in Endodontic Infections An In Vitro Study. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of phytochemical extracts and endophytic fungi of Carapa guianensis against Enterococcus faecalis. Carapa guianensis leaves and stems were collected to obtain phytochemical extracts and fungal metabolites and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against E. faecalis using the disc diffusion method and dentin blocks with bacterial biofilm.
Methods:
Thirty dentin blocks were prepared and contaminated for 60 days with E. faecalis. The specimens were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups according to the test solution used: G1 – hexane stem extract of Carapa guianensis; G2 – methanol stem extract of Carapa guianensis; G3 – methanol leaf extract of Carapa guianensis; G4 – ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Penicillium isolated from Carapa guianensis; G5 – negative control, with no addition of bacterial inoculum; G6 – positive control.
Results:
Bacterial growth was analyzed by spectrophotometry after 14 days of direct contact between the extracts and dentin blocks. The hexane-stem, methanol-stem, methanol-leaf, and ethyl-acetate endophytic fungus Penicillium extracts inhibited bacterial growth in 100% of the samples.
Conclusion:
The present study demonstrated the antibacterial potential of phytochemical extracts and endophytic fungi of Carapa guianensis against E. faecalis.
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Influence of the EndoActivator Irrigation System on Dentinal Tubule Penetration of a Novel Tricalcium Silicate-Based Sealer. Dent J (Basel) 2018; 6:dj6030045. [PMID: 30177607 PMCID: PMC6162374 DOI: 10.3390/dj6030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of a conventional endodontic needle with an agitation system on a novel tricalcium silicate-based sealer (NTS) in terms of dentinal tubule penetration and interfacial adaptation to a root canal. Fifty single-rooted, recently-extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly distributed into two homogeneous groups characterized by two different final cleansing systems: Conventional endodontic needle, or EndoActivator®. After instrumentation, all the teeth were filled with the gutta-percha single cone technique in conjunction with the novel tricalcium silicate-based sealer. Teeth were horizontally sectioned at 1 and 5 mm from the apex and were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) at five magnifications. The maximum, mean, and the circumferential percentage of the sealer penetration inside the tubules were measured. Moreover, the gap width was evaluated using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). EndoActivator® did not result in a significantly higher circumferential percentage of sealer penetration than conventional irrigation (p > 0.05). However, the gap width was significantly lower with EndoActivator®, compared to conventional needles at both 1 mm (p = 0.035) and 5 mm (p = 0.038). The EndoActivator® irrigation system did not significantly improve the NTS penetration, as compared to the conventional endodontic needle irrigation. Activation of the irrigation reduced the gap width significantly.
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16
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El-Wassefy NA, El-Mahdy RH, El-Kholany NR. The impact of silver nanoparticles integration on biofilm formation and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2017; 30:146-152. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. El-Wassefy
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Rasha H. El-Mahdy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Naglaa R. El-Kholany
- Operative Dentistry Department; Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
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17
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Maden M, Ertuğrul İF, Orhan EO, Erik CE, Yetiş CÇ, Tuncer Y, Kahriman M. Enhancing antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite by low electric current-assisted sonic agitation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183895. [PMID: 28854274 PMCID: PMC5576683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This research focused on the effects of low electric current (μE)-assisted sonic agitation of sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis infected human root dentin. Methods Extracted human canine roots were instrumented, sterilized, and experimentally contaminated with E. faecalis. After incubation for 21 days, the presence of the biofilm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (n = 3). Roots were randomly divided into seven groups according to decontamination procedures: G1: no treatment; G2: sterile saline; G3: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; G4: passive ultrasonic irrigation; G5: EndoActivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) agitation (EA); G6: μE agitation; and G7: μE-assisted sonic agitation. Fixed μE amperage and intensities were applied in G6 and G7. Following microbial sampling, bacterial colonies were counted using the direct plating method. Results Biofilm was not eradicated in any sample. The μE-assisted sonic agitation of sodium hypochlorite revealed the lowest cfu values (p<0.05), whereas there were no significant differences among the passive ultrasonic irrigation, EndoActivator and μE agitation alone (p>0.05). Conclusions Based on available evidence, the following conclusions were drawn: The μE-assisted sonic agitation increased the antibiofilm efficiency of sodium hypochlorite than passive ultrasonic irrigation and EndoActivator. The μE-assisted sonic agitation on 5.25% sodium hypochlorite is not capable to eradicate biofilms at 10mA energy level in 60s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Maden
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - İhsan Furkan Ertuğrul
- Department of Endodontics Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ekim Onur Orhan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Cevat Emre Erik
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Çağıl Yetiş
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yasin Tuncer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architect, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mesud Kahriman
- Department of Electronics and Communication, Faculty of Engineering & Architect, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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18
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Experimental Models of Oral Biofilms Developed on Inert Substrates: A Review of the Literature. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7461047. [PMID: 27699173 PMCID: PMC5028824 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7461047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The oral ecosystem is a very complex environment where more than 700 different bacterial species can be found. Most of them are organized in biofilm on dental and mucosal surfaces. Studying this community is important because a rupture in stability can lead to the preeminence of pathogenic microorganisms, causing dental decay, gingivitis, or periodontitis. The multitude of species complicates biofilm analysis so its reproduction, collection, and counting are very delicate. The development of experimental models of dental biofilms was therefore essential and multiple in vitro designs have emerged, each of them especially adapted to observing biofilm formation of specific bacteria within specific environments. The aim of this review is to analyze oral biofilm models.
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Tomazinho FSF, Sousa-Neto MD, Pécora JD, Lamon AW, Gonzalez BC, Silva-Sousa YTC. Use of a dissolved oxygen microsensor for assessing the viability and thickness of microbial biofilm on root surfaces. Int Endod J 2015; 48:469-77. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. S. F. Tomazinho
- School of Dentistry; University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - M. D. Sousa-Neto
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - J. D. Pécora
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - A. W. Lamon
- School of Engineering; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - B. C. Gonzalez
- School of Engineering; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
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Bago Jurič I, Plečko V, Anić I. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-Activated Irrigation Compared with Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and RinsEndo® Against Intracanal Enterococcus faecalis. Photomed Laser Surg 2014; 32:600-5. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Bago Jurič
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanda Plečko
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Clinical Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Anić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Amoroso-Silva PA, Guimarães BM, Marciano MA, Duarte MAH, Cavenago BC, Ordinola-Zapata R, De Almeida MM, De Moraes IG. Microscopic analysis of the quality of obturation and physical properties of MTAFillapex. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:1031-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Andrés Amoroso-Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru - São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruno Martini Guimarães
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru - São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marina AngéLica Marciano
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru - São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru - São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruno Cavalini Cavenago
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru - São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ronald Ordinola-Zapata
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru - São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcela Milanezi De Almeida
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru - São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ivaldo Gomes De Moraes
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru - São Paulo Brazil
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22
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Cao R, Hou B. [Development of an Enterococcus faecalis periapical biofilm model for in vitro morphological study]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2014; 32:323-327. [PMID: 25241529 PMCID: PMC7041070 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop and observe a model system of the periapical biofilm structure of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). METHODS A total of 24 intact human single-rooted premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were collected and randomly divided into eight groups (n = 3). The specimens were subjected to ultraviolet disinfection, inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) suspension adjusted to 1 x 10(8) CFU x mL(-1), and incubated at 37 degrees C for 1, 2, and 7 d. Specimen groups were prepared for scanning electron microscope to examine the biofilm formation. The specimens in the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) groups were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and ConA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (ConA-FITC) to examine the biofilm formation. The images were randomized, and biofilm coverage (%) was assessed using Photoshop CS5. RESULTS The biofilm coverage (%) on the cementum increased with increasing incubation period. The biofilm coverage of the 7 d group was significantly higher than those of the 1 and 2 d groups (P < 0.05). The values of the latter two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Dense aggregations composed of E. faecalis and the amorphous matrix were observed on the root cementum surfaces of the specimens in the 7 d group. The bacteria were stained red by PI, and the matrix was stained green by ConA-FITC under CLSM observation. The biofilm coverage (%) on the samples in the 7 d group was 17.23% +/- 1.52%, showing multi-level space structure and water channels. CONCLUSION E. faecalis forms bacterial biofilms on the root cementum surface in 7 d. The biofilms were composed of E. faecalis and the amorphous matrix.
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Xhevdet A, Stubljar D, Kriznar I, Jukic T, Skvarc M, Veranic P, Ihan A. The disinfecting efficacy of root canals with laser photodynamic therapy. J Lasers Med Sci 2014; 5:19-26. [PMID: 25606335 PMCID: PMC4290519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infecting microorganisms of the root canals are difficult to eliminate during endodontic treatment. In this study the effect of root canal disinfection with photodynamic therapy (PDT) at different time intervals in comparison to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in extracted teeth colonized with Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans was tested to assess which treatment reaches the best disinfection rate. METHODS One hundred and fifty-six extracted single-rooted teeth were collected, sterilized, and incubated with Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Candida albicans (ATCC 60193). The two groups were further divided into 6 groups depending on the treatment mode; HELBO(®)Endo Blue photosensitizer dye application followed by HELBO laser irradiation, with the output power 100 mW and emission of 660 nm, for a 1, 3 and 5 minutes, irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl, 10 second PUI with 2.5% NaOCl and control group. Flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis were used to determine the effectiveness of the different disinfecting methods. RESULTS The different disinfecting methods had a significantly different effect on the percent of dead cells (p<0.001). A statistical significance of dead cells between organisms (p<0.001) was observed. Interaction between the disinfecting method and both of organisms had shown the statistical significance (p=0.045). Percent of dead cells in treatment groups were significantly higher compared to control group for both organisms (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS PUI still remains the most effective method for disinfection of infected root canals in endodontics compared to hand instrumentation for both microorganisms. SEM analysis only confirmed the results. Other results ex vivo suggested that prolonging the time from 1 to 5 minutes of PDT increased the number of killed microorganisms significantly, therefore longer times of photodynamic therapy were recommended. Irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl showed similar results to 5 min irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Stubljar
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Zaloska 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Kriznar
- Department for Dental Diseases and Morphology of Dental Organ, Medical Faculty, Vrazov Trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Jukic
- Medical Faculty of Osijek, Josipa Hutlera 4, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Miha Skvarc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Zaloska 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranic
- Institute of Cell Biology, Lipiceva Ulica 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Zaloska 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Razera Baldasso FE, Stürmer CP, Luisi SB, Rodrigues Petruzzi MNM, SCARPARO RK, Figueiredo JAPD. Microflora associated with primary endodontic infections: Correlations among sem evaluation, clinical features, and radiographic findings. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1557-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Magalhães APR, Santos LB, Lopes LG, Estrela CRDA, Estrela C, Torres ÉM, Bakuzis AF, Cardoso PC, Carrião MS. Nanosilver Application in Dental Cements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/365438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the microorganism mostly responsible for initiation of tooth decay and also for the progression of an established lesion. Silver has been used for its antibacterial properties for many years, in different forms: ionised and elementary forms, as silver zeolites or as nanoparticles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of three dental cements modified by nanosilver. Three cements were used: Sealapex, RelyX ARC, and Vitrebond. The cements were incorporated with 0.05 mL of silver nanoparticles solution. Control groups were prepared without silver. Six Petri plates with BHI were inoculated with S. mutans using sterile swabs. Three cavities were made in each agar plate (total = 18) and filled with the manipulated cements. They were incubated at 37°C for 48 h, and the inhibition halos were measured. The paired t-Test was used for statistical analysis (P<0.05). No inhibition halos were obtained for Sealapex and Rely X, but Vitrebond showed bactericidal activity without silver and enhanced effect with silver incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Rodrigues Magalhães
- Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, 74605220 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Laura Barbosa Santos
- Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, 74605220 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Gonzaga Lopes
- Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, 74605220 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Estrela
- Department of Oral Science, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, 74605220 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Érica Miranda Torres
- Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, 74605220 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Carvalho Cardoso
- Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, 74605220 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Roth KA, Friedman S, Lévesque CM, Basrani BR, Finer Y. Microbial biofilm proliferation within sealer-root dentin interfaces is affected by sealer type and aging period. J Endod 2012; 38:1253-6. [PMID: 22892745 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Root canal fillings are intended to prevent microbial proliferation over time in the canal after treatment. The objective of this study was to assess biofilm proliferation within the sealer-dentin interfaces of 2 methacrylate resin-based systems, self-etch (SE) and total-etch (TE), and an epoxy resin-based sealer (EP), aged for up to 6 months. METHODS Standardized specimens (n = 45) comprising the coronal 5 mm of human roots were filled with the test materials and gutta-percha. Specimens were either not preincubated (control, n = 9) or were incubated in sterile saline for 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, or 6 months (n = 3/group). Monospecies biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis were grown on the specimens for 7 days in a chemostat-based biofilm fermentor mimicking pathogenic oral conditions. The extent of E. faecalis proliferation within the sealer-dentin interface for each material and incubation period group was assessed by using fluorescence microscopy of dihydroethidium-stained specimens. RESULTS TE had less biofilm proliferation than both EP and SE (P < .01). Deeper biofilm proliferation was detected in SE and EP specimens aged for 1 and 3 months than those aged for 1 week or 6 months (P < .05). Maximum depth of biofilm penetration was recorded for SE at 1 month (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Within the test model used, the SE and EP sealers were more susceptible to interfacial biofilm proliferation than the TE restorative material. This susceptibility diminished after aging the materials' interfaces for 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Roth
- Discipline of Endodontics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pedullà E, Genovese C, Campagna E, Tempera G, Rapisarda E. Decontamination efficacy of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) of irrigants using low-energy laser settings: an ex vivo study. Int Endod J 2012; 45:865-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A Sub-microsecond Pulsed Plasma Jet for Endodontic Biofilm Disinfection. PLASMA FOR BIO-DECONTAMINATION, MEDICINE AND FOOD SECURITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2852-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Saber SEDM, El-Hady SA. Development of an intracanal mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and its susceptibility to some antimicrobial intracanal medications; an in vitro study. Eur J Dent 2012; 6:43-50. [PMID: 22229006 PMCID: PMC3252799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a mature biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis inside the root canal system and to test its susceptibility to some antimicrobial medications in vitro. METHODS Single rooted premolars were mechanically enlarged, sterilized, and then infected with a clinical isolate of E. faecalis. Biofilm formation and maturation was monitored using SEM. Biofilm bacteria were exposed to Amoxicillin+clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Doxycycline, and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medications for 1 week. Finally bacterial samples were collected, and colony-forming units were enumerated. RESULTS SEM examination confirmed the formation of a mature biofilm at the end of the incubation period. All the chemotherapeutic agents used were significantly better than Calcium hydroxide in elimination of biofilm bacteria. The antimicrobial effect of Amoxicillin + clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin was significantly better than Doxycycline (P=.05). However the difference in the antimicrobial effectiveness among them was statistically non-significant (P=.05). CONCLUSIONS The method used for bacterial biofilm development and maturation is reliable and can be used to assess the anti bacterial potential of endodontic materials. Also, the local application of antibacterial agents can be beneficial in resistant cases of apical periodontitis but only after careful culture and sensitivity testing to choose the appropriate agent for the existing flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehab El-Din Mohamed Saber
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Corresponding author: Dr. Shehab El-Din Mohamed Saber, Department of Endodontics. Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University. Cairo. Egypt, Mailing address: El-Rehab city. (81-11-11), 11841, Cairo, Egypt, Phone: 002-0101413734, Fax: 002-0224835312, E-mail:
| | - Soha A. El-Hady
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gründling GL, Zechin JG, Jardim WM, de Oliveira SD, de Figueiredo JAP. Effect of Ultrasonics on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm in a Bovine Tooth Model. J Endod 2011; 37:1128-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Simbula G, Dettori C, Camboni T, Cotti E. Comparison of Tetraacetylethylendiamine + Sodium Perborate and Sodium Hypochlorite Cytotoxicity on L929 Fibroblasts. J Endod 2010; 36:1516-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mazzoli S. Biofilms in chronic bacterial prostatitis (NIH-II) and in prostatic calcifications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 59:337-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bridier A, Dubois-Brissonnet F, Boubetra A, Thomas V, Briandet R. The biofilm architecture of sixty opportunistic pathogens deciphered using a high throughput CLSM method. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 82:64-70. [PMID: 20433880 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes a high throughput method based on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) combined with the use of 96-wells microtiter plates compatible with high resolution imaging for the study of biofilm formation and structure. As an illustration, the three-dimensional structures of biofilms formed by 60 opportunistic pathogens were thus observed and quantified. The results revealed the diversity of biofilm architectures. Specific spatial arrangement such as the mushroom-like structures already described for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed. Other features, such as hollow voids in microcolonies of Salmonella enterica strain Agona, were identified for the first time. The combined use of microplates and confocal imaging proved to be a good alternative to the other high throughput methods commonly used as it enables the direct, insitu, qualitative and quantitative characterization of biofilm architecture. This high content method should lead to a clearer understanding of the structure-function relationships implicated in biofilms traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bridier
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, 25 Ave. de la République, F-91300 Massy, France
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Somayaji K, Acharya SR, Bairy I, Prakash PY, Rao MS, Ballal NV. In vitro scanning electron microscopic study on the effect of doxycycline and vancomycin on enterococcal induced biofilm. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2010; 5:53-8. [PMID: 23130027 PMCID: PMC3487500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enterococcus (E) faecalis bacteria adhere to dentine of teeth root canals to form the biofilm. E. faecalis has been shown to be resistant to antibiotics. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the efficacy of vancomycin and doxycycline in inhibiting E. faecalis biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 extracted human teeth were incubated with E. faecalis (ATCC 35550 strain) for 45 days to allow biofilm formation. The teeth were equally divided into six groups (n=10): 1) positive control, 2) negative control, 3) doxycycline alone 4) doxycycline with filing, 5) vancomycin alone, 6) vancomycin with filing. The relevant canals were irrigated with 4µg/mL of either vancomycin or doxycycline antibiotic. Teeth were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Areas of biofilm remaining in the canals after antibiotic treatment were measured with Scion image analysis software using the SEM images. RESULTS Vancomycin is more effective in reducing the overall biofilm area compared with doxycycline; moreover filing after antibiotic administration increased this effect. CONCLUSION We can conclude that vancomycin had greater efficacy than doxycycline for inhibiting and reducing E. faecalis biofilms growth in root canals. However, it failed to completely eliminate biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaraj Somayaji
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.,Corresponding author at: Krishnaraj Somayaji, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India (PIN: 576104). Tel.: +91-8202922172, E-mail:
| | - Shashi Rashmi Acharya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Indira Bairy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Nidambur Vasudev Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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