The re-emerging role of linoleic acid in paediatric asthma

Asthma is the most common chronic disease within the paediatric population. Although it is multifactorial, its onset may be linked to early-life exposures with subsequent impact on immune system development. Microbial and dietary metabolic products have been implicated in the development and exacerbation of paediatric asthma. Linoleic acid is the most common omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet. In this review, we summarise the literature regarding the involvement of linoleic acid in the development of and its impact on existing paediatric asthma. First, we summarise the existing knowledge surrounding the relationship between human microbial metabolism and allergic diseases in children. Next, we examine cellular or animal model-based mechanistic studies that investigated the impact of dietary- and microbial-derived linoleic acid metabolites on asthma. Finally, we review the literature investigating the impact of linoleic acid metabolites on the development and exacerbation of childhood asthma. While there is conflicting evidence, there is growing support for a role of linoleic acid in the onset and pathophysiology of asthma. We recommend that additional cellular, animal, and longitudinal studies are performed that target linoleic acid and its metabolites.

Glutarate regulates T cell metabolism and anti-tumour immunity

T cell function and fate can be influenced by several metabolites: in some cases, acting through enzymatic inhibition of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, in others, through post-translational modification of lysines in important targets. We show here that glutarate, a product of amino acid catabolism, has the capacity to do both, and has potent effects on T cell function and differentiation. We found that glutarate exerts those effects both through α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase inhibition, and through direct regulation of T cell metabolism via glutarylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 subunit. Administration of diethyl glutarate, a cell-permeable form of glutarate, alters CD8+ T cell differentiation and increases cytotoxicity against target cells. In vivo administration of the compound is correlated with increased levels of both peripheral and intratumoural cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These results demonstrate that glutarate is an important regulator of T cell metabolism and differentiation with a potential role in the improvement of T cell immunotherapy.

Comparison of heat production and bone architecture changes in the implant site preparation with compressive osteotomes, osseodensification technique, piezoelectric devices, and standard drills: an ex vivo study on porcine ribs

This study aimed at investigating differences in heat generation and bone architecture following four different implant site preparation techniques: compressive osteotomes, conventional drills, osseodensification (OD mode with osseodensification drills), and piezoelectric systems. Porcine rib bones were used as a model for implant surgery. Thermocouples were employed to measure temperature changes, and micro-CT to assess the bone architecture. The primary stability and insertion torque values of the implants placed in the differently prepared sites were assessed. The temperature changes were higher with Piezo. The average primary stability using the ISQ scale was the greatest for drills (76.17 ± 0.90) and the lowest for osteotomes (71.50 ± 11.09). Insertion torque was significantly higher with the osseodensification method (71.67 ± 7.99 Ncm) in comparison to drills, osteotomes, and piezo. Osteotomes showed the highest bone to implant contact percentage (39.83 ± 3.14%) and average trabecular number (2.02 ± 0.21 per mm), while drills exhibited the lowest (30.73 ± 1.65%; 1.37 ± 0.34 per mm). Total implant site bone volume was the highest with osseodensification (37.26 ± 4.13mm³) and the lowest for osteotomes (33.84 ± 3.84mm³). Statistical analysis showed a high primary stability and decrease in temperature during implant site preparation with osseodensification technique. The results support the use of osseodensification technique for implant site preparation.

The octadecanoids: an emerging class of lipid mediators

Oxylipins are enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolites of mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids that encompass potent lipid mediators including the eicosanoids and docosanoids. Previously considered of low interest and often dismissed as 'just fat', octadecanoid oxylipins have only recently begun to be recognized as lipid mediators in humans. In the last few years, these compounds have been found to be involved in the mediation of multiple biological processes related to nociception, tissue modulation, cell proliferation, metabolic regulation, inflammation, and immune regulation. At the same time, the study of octadecanoids is hampered by a lack of standardization in the field, a paucity of analytical standards, and a lack of domain expertise. These issues have collectively limited the investigation of the biosynthesis and bioactivity of octadecanoids. Here, we present an overview of the primary enzymatic pathways for the oxidative metabolism of 18-carbon fatty acids in humans and of the current knowledge of the major biological activity of the resulting octadecanoids. We also propose a systematic nomenclature system based upon that used for the eicosanoids in order to avoid ambiguities and resolve multiple designations for the same octadecanoid. The aim of this review is to provide an initial framework for the field and to assist in its standardization as well as to increase awareness of this class of compounds in order to stimulate research into this interesting group of lipid mediators.

Development of a Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Platform for the Quantitative Metabolic Profiling of Octadecanoid Oxylipins

Octadecanoids are broadly defined as oxylipins (i.e., lipid mediators) derived from 18-carbon fatty acids. In contrast to the well-studied eicosanoids, there is a lack of analytical methods for octadecanoids, hampering further investigations in the field. We developed an integrated workflow combining chiral separation by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection for quantification of a broad panel of octadecanoids. The platform includes 70 custom-synthesized analytical and internal standards to extend the coverage of the octadecanoid synthetic pathways. A total of 103 octadecanoids could be separated by chiral SFC and complex enantioseparations could be performed in <13 min, while the achiral LC method separated 67 octadecanoids in 13.5 min. The LC method provided a robust complementary approach with greater sensitivity relative to the SFC method. Both methods were validated in solvent and surrogate matrix in terms of linearity, lower limits of quantification (LLOQ), recovery, accuracy, precision, and matrix effects. Instrumental linearity was good for both methods (R² > 0.995) and LLOQ ranged from 0.03 to 6.00 ng/mL for SFC and 0.01 to 1.25 ng/mL for LC. The average accuracy in the solvent and surrogate matrix ranged from 89 to 109% in SFC and from 106 to 220% in LC, whereas coefficients of variation (CV) were <14% (at medium and high concentrations) and 26% (at low concentrations). Validation in the surrogate matrix showed negligible matrix effects (<16% for all analytes), and average recoveries ranged from 71 to 83%. The combined methods provide a platform to investigate the biological activity of octadecanoids and expand our understanding of these little-studied compounds.

Illegal drugs and periodontal conditions

In recent years, the practice of dentistry and periodontology has become complicated by several risk factors, including the treatment of an increasing number of patients with substance use disorder. This review presents an update in the current literature of the impact of illegal drug use on periodontal conditions and their possible effect as risk factors or indicators. The main illegal drugs that may have an impact on periodontal health and conditions are described, including their effect, medical manifestations, risks, and the overall effect on oral health and on the periodontium. Where available, data from epidemiologic studies are analyzed and summarized. The clinical management of periodontal patients using illegal drugs is reported in a comprehensive approach inclusive of the detection of illicit drug users, screening, interviewing and counseling, the referral to treatment, and the dental and periodontal management. With regard to the impact of illegal substance use on periodontal conditions, there is moderate evidence that regular long-term use of cannabis is a risk factor for periodontal disease, manifesting as a loss of periodontal attachment, deep pockets, recessions, and gingival enlargements. Limited evidence also shows that the use of cocaine can cause a series of gingival conditions that mostly presents as chemical induced-traumatic lesions (application of cocaine on the gingiva) or necrotizing ulcerative lesions. There is a scarcity of data regarding the impact of other drug use on periodontal health. There is evidence to suggest that regular long-term use of cannabis is a risk factor for periodontal disease and that the use of cocaine can cause a series of periodontal conditions. The dental treatment of subjects that use illegal substances is becoming more common in the daily clinical practice of periodontists and other dental clinicians. When the clinicians encounter such patients, it is essential to manage their addiction properly taking into consideration the impact of it on comprehensive dental treatment. Further studies and clinical observations are required to obtain sound and definitive information.

Mild COVID-19 imprints a long-term inflammatory eicosanoid- and chemokine memory in monocyte-derived macrophages

Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) drive the inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they are a major source of eicosanoids in airway inflammation. Here we report that MDM from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with mild disease show an inflammatory transcriptional and metabolic imprint that lasts for at least 5 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. MDM from convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals showed a downregulation of pro-resolving factors and an increased production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, particularly 5-lipoxygenase-derived leukotrienes. Leukotriene synthesis was further enhanced by glucocorticoids and remained elevated at 3–5 months, but had returned to baseline at 12 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or LPS triggered exaggerated prostanoid-, type I IFN-, and chemokine responses in post COVID-19 MDM. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves an inflammatory imprint in the monocyte/ macrophage compartment that drives aberrant macrophage effector functions and eicosanoid metabolism, resulting in long-term immune aberrations in patients recovering from mild COVID-19.

Titanium Surface Decontamination: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Comparative Studies

PURPOSE

To achieve high plaque removal around peri-implant tissues, noninvasive cleaning methods that guarantee the long-term success and survival of titanium implants should be established. This systematic review aimed to systematically evaluate in vitro investigations assessing different treatment modalities to decontaminate titanium surfaces, with special focus on the most effective cleaning procedures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

PRISMA guidelines were adopted in an electronic search conducted through MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify studies on mechanical, chemical, or laser decontamination modalities up to November 2019.

RESULTS

The search resulted in 326 articles; after removing duplicates and reading titles, abstracts, and full texts, 38 articles were ultimately processed for data extraction. Mechanical decontamination provided better results in comparison to laser and chemical procedures. Among mechanical modalities, air abrasion showed the best cleaning effectiveness. Conversely, upon comparison of the chemical methods, chlorhexidine demonstrated comparable results with all tested substances and even with photodynamic therapy. Among different lasers, the results showed that the diode was more promising compared with the other tested lasers.

CONCLUSION

This review demonstrated that there is still no consensus on which technique performs better. However, mechanical decontamination yielded more favorable results than laser and chemical methods. This aspect would support the hypothesis that decontamination procedures adopted in a combination fashion, which includes mechanical procedures, may provide better clinical results than when used alone.

Cold atmospheric plasma coupled with air abrasion in liquid medium for the treatment of peri-implantitis model grown with a complex human biofilm: an in vitro study

OBJECTIVE

Treatment of implants with peri-implantitis is often unsuccessful due to residual microbial biofilm hindering re-osseointegration. The aim of this study was to treat biofilm-grown titanium (Ti) implants with different modalities involving air abrasion (AA) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to compare the effectiveness in surface decontamination and the alteration/preservation of surface topography.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Saliva collected from a peri-implantitis patient was used to in vitro develop human biofilm over 35 implants with moderately rough surface. The implants were then mounted onto standardized acrylic blocks simulating peri-implantitis defects and treated with AA (erythritol powder), CAP in a liquid medium, or a combination (COM) of both modalities. The remaining biofilm was measured by crystal violet (CV). Surface features and roughness before and after treatment were assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

RESULTS

In the present peri-implantitis model, the human complex biofilm growth was successful as indicated by the statistical significance between the negative and positive controls. All the treatment groups resulted in a remarkable implant surface decontamination, with values very close to the negative control for AA and COM. Indeed, statistically significant differences in the comparison between the positive control vs. all the treatment groups were found. SEM analysis showed no post-treatment alterations on the implant surface in all the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Decontamination with AA delivering erythritol with or without CAP in liquid medium demonstrated compelling efficacy in the removal of biofilm from implants. All the tested treatments did not cause qualitative alterations to the Ti surface features. No specific effects of the CAP were observed, although further studies are necessary to assess its potential as monotherapy with different settings or in combination with other decontamination procedures.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

CAP is a promising option in the treatment of peri-implantitis because it has potential to improve the elimination of bacterial plaque from implant surfaces, in inaccessible pockets or during open-flap debridement, and should stimulate the process of the re-osseointegration of affected dental implants by not altering surface features and roughness.

Working characteristics for practicing dental hygienists in two countries in different hemispheres

OBJECTIVES

The study aimed to collect and compare practice characteristics for dental hygienists (DHs) in New Zealand (NZ) and Sweden.

METHODS

Dental hygienists from NZ and Sweden were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey focusing on their working practices. An email, with a link to the online survey and a participant information sheet, was sent to DHs registered with their professional association in their respective country. Frequency analyses and cross-tabulations were conducted using Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests to investigate possible statistical associations to allow for comparisons between the countries.

RESULTS

DH is a female-dominated workforce with equal distribution of gender in both countries. The majority of DHs in NZ worked in private practice while Swedish DHs mostly worked in the public sector. NZ participants were younger and with a more recent qualification than their Swedish counterparts. The highest degree of education was a PhD for DHs working in Sweden, compared with a Masters' Degree for NZ participants. The majority of participants from both countries treated patients 65 years of age or older, with the most common medical conditions being cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The most common dental condition observed/treated was periodontal disease. Over 60% agreed to have an understanding of information technology (IT). The most used technical equipment was digital radiology, followed by other diagnostic tools.

CONCLUSION

Findings confirm previous international data on demographical uptake for the DH workforce in NZ and Sweden. A coherence was seen in patient characteristics, DHs attitudes towards information technology and use of technical equipment.

Use of fractal analysis in dental images for osteoporosis detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Fractal dimension (FD) calculated on oral radiographs has been proposed as a useful tool to screen for osteoporosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis firstly aimed at assessing the reliability of FD measures in distinguishing osteoporotic patients (OP) from healthy controls (HC), and secondly, to identify a standardized procedure of FD calculation in dental radiographs for the possible use as a surrogate measure of osteoporosis. A comprehensive search was conducted up to September 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. Meta-analysis was performed on FD values calculated for HC and OP. Overall, 293 articles were identified. After a three steps screening, 19 studies were included in the qualitative appraisal and 12 were considered for meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the retrieved studies was generally low. Most of the studies included used White and Rudolph and box counting to process the images and to calculate FD, respectively. Overall, 51% of the studies found a meaningful difference between HC and OP groups. Meta-analyses showed that to date, FD measures on dental radiographs are not able to distinguish the OP from HC group significantly. From the current evidence, the use of FD for the identification of OP is not reliable, and no clear conclusion can be drawn due to the heterogeneity of studies. The present review revealed the need for further studies and provided the fundamentals to design them in order to find a standardized procedure for FD calculation (regions for FD assessment; images processing technique; methods for FD measurement). More effort should be made to identify osteoporosis using dental images which are cheap and routinely taken during periodic dental examinations.

Clinical outcomes of laser microtextured implants or abutments: A systematic review

PURPOSE

To investigate the effect of laser microtextured collars or laser microtextured abutments on clinical measures that may relate to improved implant success and survival.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This review was registered on the PROSPERO database and conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase were screened for studies with at least 10 participants and followed up for at least 1 year, reporting on the following clinical outcomes: radiographic marginal bone level, peri-implant probing depth, soft tissue index and failure rates of implants with laser microtextured collars or laser microtextured abutments. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool or the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

RESULTS

After removal of duplicates, 86 articles were identified. A total of 25 articles were included after screening. Four were randomised controlled trials, two were non-randomised controlled trials, two were prospective studies, five were retrospective cohort studies and twelve had no control group. Most comparative studies reported that laser microtextured collar implants had less marginal bone loss and shallower peri-implant probing depth than machined collar implants. Only two studies had controls other than machined collar implants; in these, the use of laser microtextured collar implants was not observed to be significantly different. Three studies reported reduced marginal recession in laser microtextured collar implants when compared to machined collar controls. No difference in failure rate was observed between laser microtextured collar and machined collar implants. One study reported on peri-implant diseases and favoured laser microtextured collar implants. Three papers reported using laser microtextured abutments with no control, but no specific conclusions could be drawn.

CONCLUSIONS

Laser microtextured collar implants appear to reduce marginal bone loss and peri-implant probing depth when compared to machined collar implants. There is weak evidence to suggest that laser microtextured collar implants may also improve aesthetic outcomes and reduce incidence of disease. Research is required regarding laser microtextured abutments, and studies comparing laser microtexturing with alternative solutions are also lacking.

UAV prototype for localization and identification of radioactive contamination and emitters

The Dragon (Drone for RAdiation detection of Gammas and Neutrons) prototype aims at designing and developing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a detection system able to identify radioactive materials, spread over an area or located in a specific position. The system is focused on the localization of the unknown emitter and its subsequently identification.

The proposed prototype is made up of two easily interchangeable detection systems, one will be used as a counter while the second will be aimed to perform goodresolution gamma spectroscopy. Both solutions have neutron gamma discrimination capability in order to be suitable for special nuclear materials (SNM) detection in gamma contamination background.

The data acquisition module is made up of a compact digitizer board (RedPitaya, sampling rate of 125 MHz and 14 bits of resolution.), a mini computer (Raspberry, for example). This combination allows to install an embedded operating system (e.g. Linux) that can run the necessary software for the Data Acquisition (DAQ), like the ABCD distributed DAQ.

Our contribution will be aimed to show a comprehensive characterization of the two detection systems, a medium size CLLB scintillation detector, and a large plastic scintillator, EJ-276, in order to assess their potential use in a UAV-based radiation monitoring system.

Novel technique using cold atmospheric plasma coupled with air-polishing for the treatment of titanium discs grown with biofilm: An in-vitro study

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the present study was to assess the decontamination efficacy and titanium surface alterations of erythritol based air abrasion (AA) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) targeting a human complex biofilm.

METHODS

Saliva collected from a peri-implantitis patient was used to develop in vitro human biofilm over titanium discs with machined (group A) and moderately rough (group B) surface. The discs were treated with AA, experimental CAP or a combination of both treatments (COM). The amount of biofilm on the discs was measured by crystal violet (CV). Surface features and roughness before and after treatment were assessed by SEM and laser profilometry, respectively. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test after being checked for normality by Shapiro-Wilk test.

RESULTS

All the discs in group A performed better to treatments compared to group B. In both groups, CV data showed significantly lower amount of biofilm after AA treatment compared to CAP (p<0.05). Cleaning efficacy revealed relevant decontamination of both the surfaces following AA and COM treatments and almost complete biofilm removal after AA application on group A (99.92%). SEM analysis demonstrated no post-treatment alterations on the discs and laser profilometry did not show statistically significant changes in S_a and S_dr values.

SIGNIFICANCE

Decontamination with AA delivering erythritol with or without CAP is highly effective in biofilm removal from different titanium surfaces. All the tested treatments, including CAP showed no noticeable alterations of the titanium discs surface features. Further in vivo studies are necessary to understand the potential of CAP technology in implant surface decontamination.

Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease: The call for interprofessional education and interprofessional collaborative care - A systematic review of the literature

Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are among the most frequently occurring conditions that have a substantial effect on the global health economy. The literature regarding medical professionals' knowledge of the bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease has not been analyzed systematically. The review aimed to investigate the knowledge and understanding of physicians and specialists regarding the two-way relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease and their approach to referring their patients for a dental consultation. An electronic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted to review the studies that assessed knowledge and understanding of medical professionals regarding the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Data from 13 included studies involved 4,027 participants: 3,256 primary care physicians and 771 medical specialists. Just over 50% of the medical professionals had an understanding of oral health and/or periodontal disease. Over one-third of medical professionals were ignorant of the relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. Only 30% reported ever referring their patients for an oral health assessment. Another key finding of the investigation was the absence of interprofessional collaborative care between medical and dental professionals while managing patients with diabetes mellitus. Medical professionals with an integrated knowledge of elementary oral health education and training could play a central role in the timely diagnosis and management of periodontal disease in patients living with diabetes mellitus.

Awareness of Diabetic Patients Regarding the Bidirectional Association between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: A Public Oral Health Concern

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

The literature regarding the perception of the two-way relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease representing diabetic patients living in Australia is scarce. The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of diabetic patients regarding the bidirectional link and the role of medical healthcare professionals in providing oral health advice to their patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A convenience sample of diabetic patients attending general practice-based medical and dental centers was invited to complete a questionnaire-based survey. The survey was anonymous, and the responses of the participants were not identifiable.

RESULTS

A total of 241 participants completed the questionnaire; however, three survey responses were excluded as most of the critical questions were not answered. The majority (87.81%) of the participants reported with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while 11.76% had type 1 diabetes mellitus. Just over 61% of the participants reported brushing their teeth twice a day. The majority of participants (66.38%) said that their medical practitioner/diabetic educator never asked or examined their oral hygiene or any issues with the gums or teeth. The study noted that 54% of the participants never received any information regarding the bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus and were unaware of the association.

CONCLUSION

Patients with diabetes mellitus lack knowledge of the bidirectional association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. In this regard, the study urged the need to implement European Federation of Periodontology and International Diabetes Federation guidelines effectively. Medical healthcare professionals and dentists should provide mutual care and should consider every patient as a shared responsibility.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Early detection of the disease, timely referrals, and a collaborative approach will enhance patient care and improve the quality of life of individuals living with periodontal disease.

Effectiveness of Manual Toothbrushing Techniques on Plaque and Gingivitis: A Systematic Review

PURPOSE

Currently, there is no consensus on recommendations for manual toothbrushing techniques between dentists, oral health therapists and dental companies. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and assess the quality of evidence of the effectiveness of manual toothbrushing techniques in the existing literature.

METHODS

A broad search was conducted on the electronic databases Medline via Ovid, PubMed and EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Sciences. Included studies examined manual toothbrushing technique efficiency. Articles were assessed utilising the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. These included five randomised controlled trials (RCT), seven experimental non-randomised control studies and one in vitro study.

RESULTS

Of the 3190 articles identified, 40 were relevant to manual toothbrushing and 13 were included in the final review. Studies indicating statistically significantly superior plaque removal for a given technique were Bass (one), modified Bass (one), Charter's (two), Fones (two), scrub (two), roll (one), modified Stillman (one), toothpick method (one). Four studies exhibited no statistically significant difference in effectiveness of plaque removal. Unfortunately, considerable variation was found between studies, making a definitive conclusion impossible in terms of an ideal manual toothbrushing technique that would promote plaque removal and reduce gingivitis.

CONCLUSION

There is still insufficient evidence for suggesting that one toothbrushing method is more effective than another in plaque removal and reduction of gingivitis. Excessive variability in many aspects of the design and methodology of the selected studies hinder conclusions on an ideal manual toothbrushing technique. Experimental randomised controlled trials that follow the CONSORT guidelines are required to provide adequate-quality evidence and make any definitive conclusions on the relative effectiveness of manual toothbrushing techniques.

Effect of Flap Design for Enamel Matrix Derivative Application in Intraosseous Defects

Objective:

To systematically review the literature addressing the focused question: What is the effectiveness of different surgical and nonsurgical procedures combined with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on clinical, radiographic, and patient-centered outcomes in intraosseous defects?

Methods:

Electronic (Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases) and hand literature searches were performed for studies including at least 1 treatment arm where EMD had been applied according to 1 of the following procedures: modified Widman flap; papilla preservation variants (PPVs), including papilla preservation technique, modified papilla preservation technique, and simplified papilla preservation technique; minimally invasive variants, including minimally invasive surgical approach and minimally invasive surgical technique; single-flap variants (SFVs), including single-flap approach and modified minimally invasive surgical technique; or nonsurgical application (flapless approach). Data from 42 selected articles were used to perform a network meta-analysis, and a hierarchy of surgical and nonsurgical applications of EMD was built separately for EMD and EMD + graft based on 6- to 12-mo clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Results:

Among surgical approaches, EMD was associated with best regenerative outcomes when applied through SFVs, with a mean clinical attachment level gain of 3.93 mm and a reduction in the intrabony component of the defect of 3.35 mm. For EMD + graft, limited differences in regenerative outcomes were observed among surgical procedures. PPVs were associated with the highest residual probing depth for EMD (4.08 mm) and EMD + graft (4.32 mm).

Conclusions:

In the treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects, 1) SFVs appear to optimize the regenerative outcomes of EMD; 2) substantial regenerative outcomes can be obtained with SFVs and conservative double flaps (i.e., PPVs and minimally invasive variants) when EMD is combined with a graft; and 3) residual probing depth was higher following PPVs for EMD and EMD + graft.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The results of the present systematic review and meta-analysis can be used by clinicians to identify the most effective surgical or nonsurgical procedure to treat an intraosseous defect with EMD or EMD + graft. The main findings indicate that when EMD application is indicated, surgical access based on a single flap seems the most appropriate to optimize clinical outcomes. The application of EMD + graft can be effectively combined with single flaps and conservative double flaps.

N-Glycosylation profiling of intact target proteins by high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and glycan analysis using ion mobility-MS/MS

Glycosylation characterization could lead to the discovery of biomarkers and is crucial in quality control of biopharmaceuticals. Here we present a method to quantify glycoforms on intact proteins, with parallel glycan identification by IMS-MS/MS.

Cleaning potential of different air abrasive powders and their impact on implant surface roughness

BACKGROUND

Implant surface roughness after air abrasive therapy has not been measured precisely in previous research. Debridement with air abrasion facilitates the mechanical removal of bacterial biofilms but may damage implant surfaces on a microscopic level.

PURPOSE

This study aimed to investigate the cleaning potential of various air abrasive powders and their effect on titanium implant surfaces.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Twenty implants coated with red ink were inserted into three-dimensional printed circumferential bone defect models. Treatment was completed with three types of air abrasive powders: sodium bicarbonate (SB), glycine, and erythritol for 60 seconds. Water alone was used as control. The percentage of remaining ink was assessed using digital photography and graphic software. Implant surface topography/roughness was quantified using optical profilometry and examined via scanning electron microscopy. The microscopic analysis was performed at two implant areas: collar (Laser-Lok surface) and threads.

RESULTS

The cleaned surfaces (%, mean ± SD) after treatment with SB, glycine, and erythritol accounted for 49.3 ± 3.6%, 33.1 ± 1.2%, and 25.1 ± 0.7%, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between all groups (P < .001). SB was the only powder that significantly increased the implant roughness (S_a ) on both the implant collar (1.53-2.10 μm) and threads (3.53-4.20 μm). Regardless of the abrasive powder used, the collar, emerging implant surfaces from the defect base, and surfaces beneath implants threads exhibited more post-treatment residual ink.

CONCLUSION

Large-sized powder showed the greatest cleaning capacity, but caused more alterations to the implant surface. Glycine and erythritol displayed no significant changes in surface roughness, however, demonstrated a limited ink removal capacity.

Diabetic patients' knowledge of the bidirectional link: are dental health care professionals effectively conveying the message?

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a global public health concern with significant upshots due to its high prevalence, severity and associated complications. The present review aims to evaluate the literature that has investigated the awareness and attitude of diabetic patients about their oral/periodontal health to identify gaps in the dissemination of this critical information. Literature addressing diabetic patient's awareness/knowledge, response to their periodontal health needs, and the source of oral health education was investigated using a computer search of electronic databases. Twenty-six papers were included in the systematic review for analysis. The studies reported data from 13 different countries involving 10 550 participants, 9843 patients with DM and 974 healthy controls. The overall analysis of the studies showed that approximately 73% of the diabetic patients were unaware of the link between their systemic condition (DM) and periodontal health. The results of the study show that a large number of diabetic patients are unaware of the link between oral/periodontal health and DM. There is a strong need to implement the recent guidelines established by the IDF/EFP concerning mutual care of diabetic patients by the medical and dental health care professionals. This will result in improved general and oral health of our diabetic patients.

The impact of non-surgical therapy of periodontal disease on surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease: A literature review

PURPOSE

To review the literature on the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on surrogate markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and to clarify the impact of periodontal disease on systemic inflammation.

METHODS

PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been adopted. An electronic search in PubMed up to December 2018 was performed using the following search terms and keywords alone or in combination: non surgical periodontal therapy, atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD), operative surgical procedures, CVD, IL-6, CRP, cholesterol, LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein, HDL, endothelial dysfunction, dependent dilatation, carotid intima media thickness, periodontitis, tunica intima.

RESULTS

The electronic search resulted in the inclusion of 28 articles that were grouped and discussed based on the investigated surrogate markers. Meta-analysis was not carried out due to the heterogeneity of the results. The included studies demonstrated that periodontal treatments contribute to the resolution of oral inflammation and in turn might positively modulate the levels of systemic inflammatory markers. The initial phase of periodontal therapy has a positive impact on the short-term reduction of a series of systemic markers that are considered as surrogate markers of AVD.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The non-surgical therapy of periodontal disease would positively reduce the levels of systemic inflammation markers, decreasing the vascular risk and the possibility of developing CVD or the subclinical progression of the disease.

Solvent-Assisted Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SAPSI-MS) for the Analysis of Biomolecules and Biofluids

Paper Spray Ionization (PSI) is commonly applied for the analysis of small molecules, including drugs, metabolites, and pesticides in biological fluids, due to its high versatility, simplicity, and low costs. In this study, a new setup called Solvent Assisted Paper Spray Ionization (SAPSI), able to increase data acquisition time, signal stability, and repeatability, is proposed to overcome common PSI drawbacks. The setup relies on an integrated solution to provide ionization potential and constant solvent flow to the paper tip. Specifically, the ion source was connected to the instrument fluidics along with the voltage supply systems, ensuring a close control over the ionization conditions. SAPSI was successfully applied for the analysis of different classes of biomolecules: amyloidogenic peptides, proteins, and N-glycans. The prolonged analysis time allowed real-time monitoring of processes taking places on the paper tip, such as amyloid peptides aggregation and disaggregation phenomena. The enhanced signal stability allowed to discriminate protein species characterized by different post translational modifications and adducts with electrophilic compounds, both in aqueous solutions and in biofluids, such as serum and cerebrospinal fluid, without any sample pretreatment. In the next future, application to clinical relevant modifications, could lead to the development of quick and cost-effective diagnostic tools.

The effect of miniaturized manual versus mechanical instruments on calculus removal and root surface characteristics: An in vitro light microscopic study

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate by light microscopy analysis the effect of the use of miniaturised piezoelectric tips versus mini‐five area specific curets on calculus removal and postoperative root surface alterations.

Methods

A total of 20 extracted teeth were used. Two square surfaces (5×5 mm) were marked on each root surface with a diamond bur mounted on a high‐speed handpiece. Before and after instrumentation, a series of magnified images (4.2×) of each experimental surface were taken with a standardized approach. According to a randomization list, the two surfaces on each sample were instrumented in a standardised fashion either with a mine‐five curet or a slim piezoelectric tip. The images were processed using an imaging software. Data were summarised as means and standard deviations for the two outcomes (calculus and alterations.) at each time (pre and post) for both of the groups (manual and mechanical).

Results

Both manual and mechanical instrumentation significantly reduced the calculus deposits (p < .001) without significant differences between the two groups. Both manual and mechanical treatments significantly increased alterations (p < .01). There was a statistically significant evidence of a greater increase in alterations from mechanical treatment.

Conclusions

Slim mechanical piezoelectric tips and manual mini‐five area‐specific curets have similar effects on calculus removal. Manual instrumentation results in a more homogeneous postoperative root surface with less root alterations.

Prescribing trends of systemic antibiotics by periodontists in Australia

BACKGROUND

Antibiotics are a common systemic pharmaceutical therapy in periodontal conditions for dental practitioners as well as specialists. However, there is limited information about prescribing patterns amongst the periodontists within Australia. The objective of this study is to examine current patterns and perceptions in prescribing systemic antibiotics for the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.

METHODS

An online questionnaire was disseminated to Australian practicing members of the Australia and New Zealand Academy of Periodontists (ANZAP) to determine their antibiotic prescribing patterns for different periodontal conditions. Indications that were analyzed included: chronic periodontitis, plaque-induced gingivitis, aggressive periodontitis, acute gingival and periodontal conditions, conditions associated with implants and implant placement, periodontal regeneration, and mucogingival surgery.

RESULTS

Out of the 50 members that participated in the study, 38 completed the questionnaire. Systemic antibiotics prescription patterns varied markedly for different periodontal or peri-implant diseases among respondents. 79% reported prescription of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of chronic periodontitis whereas 52.6%, 55.3%, 18.4% of the respondents did so for periodontal regeneration procedures, implant placement surgery, and mucogingival surgery, respectively. Azithromycin, the combination of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole, and Amoxicillin were the three most commonly prescribed systemic antibiotics.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of this survey, systemic antibiotics are widely used by the group of periodontists surveyed in this study in Australia with varying rates and patterns for different periodontal and peri-implant conditions. The current study highlights the need for recommendations and guidelines in the prescription of antibiotics for periodontal and peri-implant conditions.

Effects of air abrasive decontamination on titanium surfaces: A systematic review of in vitro studies

BACKGROUND

Air abrasion (AA) is one of the decontamination methods that have demonstrated promising results in treating peri-implant diseases.

PURPOSE

This systematic review aimed at evaluating the in vitro effect of AA on surface change, cleaning efficacy, and biocompatibility of titanium surfaces and at comparing it with other decontamination methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A comprehensive search was conducted up to April 2018 using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify studies on the decontamination effect of AA. All types of titanium surfaces, abrasive powders, contaminated surfaces, and measuring methods were included.

RESULTS

Overall, 1502 articles were identified. After screening the titles and abstracts, and carefully reading the full-texts, 48 articles published between 1989 and 2018 were selected. AA was considered almost safe, particularly for the nonmodified surfaces. Nevertheless, harder powders such as sodium bicarbonate tended to damage the surface more than glycine. AA resulted in surface change similar to plastic curettes and Er: YAG lasers. Regarding the cleaning efficacy, there was no significant difference between glycine and sodium bicarbonate, but different mixtures of calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and erythritol were superior to glycine. AA was superior or equal to all other decontamination methods in cleaning. Regarding biocompatibility, AA was more successful in preserving biocompatibility for noncontaminated surfaces compared with contaminated surfaces and when used with erythritol and osteoinductive powders.

CONCLUSIONS

AA can efficiently remove contamination without serious damage to the surface. The main drawback of the AA method seems to be its limitation in restoring the biocompatibility of the surface.

Photoinduced electron transfer in a molecular dyad by nanosecond pump-pump-probe spectroscopy

The design of robust and inexpensive molecular photocatalysts for the conversion of abundant stable molecules like H2O and CO2 into an energetic carrier is one of the major fundamental questions for scientists nowadays. The outstanding challenge is to couple single photoinduced charge separation events with the sequential accumulation of redox equivalents at the catalytic unit for performing multielectronic catalytic reactions. Herein, double excitation by nanosecond pump-pump-probe experiments was used to interrogate the photoinduced charge transfer and charge accumulation on a molecular dyad composed of a porphyrin chromophore and a ruthenium-based catalyst in the presence of a reversible electron acceptor. An accumulative charge transfer state is unattainable because of rapid reverse electron transfer to the photosensitizer upon the second excitation and the low driving force of the forward photodriven electron transfer reaction. Such a method allows the fundamental understanding of the relaxation mechanism after two sequential photon absorptions, deciphering the undesired electron transfer reactions that limit the charge accumulation efficiency. This study is a step toward the improvement of synthetic strategies of molecular photocatalysts for light-induced charge accumulation and more generally, for solar energy conversion.

Three-Dimensional Bone Augmentation and Immediate Implant Placement via Transcrestal Sinus Lift: 8-Year Clinical Outcomes

When the edentulous posterior maxilla shows severe atrophy (Cawood and Howell Class V to VI), the traditional approach requires at least two surgical procedures. The first is a sinus lift (alone or with guided bone regeneration), and the second is to position implants. This article illustrates a technique that allows three-dimensional reconstruction of the sinus, placing an allogenous fresh bone block and simultaneous implant positioning using a computer-guided implant surgery.

Single-blind randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of an interdental cleaning device in orthodontic patients

BACKGROUND

It is well-known that poor oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment may lead to development of gingivitis, probing pocket depth, hyperplastic tissue, decalcification, dental caries and white spot lesions on the coronal surfaces of teeth.

METHODS

Twenty-two patients with the following inclusion criteria were enrolled in the present study: fixed orthodontic treatment, age 12-18 years, systemically healthy, no history of periodontal treatment, periodontal health or gingivitis. The following clinical parameters were collected: periodontal screening and recording, plaque control record, and bleeding on probing. Oral hygiene instructions were given and a specifically designed technique for orthodontic patients was suggested. Complete information about the mechanical interdental device were also provided. Means and standard deviations or medians and interquartile ranges for each parameter were collected.

RESULTS

There was a statistically significant reduction in plaque control record on both sides. The reduction in the experimental group was significantly greater compared to controls after adjusting for baseline values. There was also a statistically significant reduction in bleeding on probing in the experiment group, but not in controls.

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of manual toothbrush and mechanical interdental device demonstrated a better plaque control and gingival inflammation levels in orthodontic patients compared to manual brushing alone.

Three-Dimensional Bone Augmentation and Immediate Implant Placement via Transcrestal Sinus Lift: Five-Year Clinical Outcomes

This study proposed a surgical technique that solves three-dimensional conditions of extreme bone atrophy. A total of 278 surgeries with transcrestal sinus lift and fresh frozen allogenous bone blocks were performed. A total of 1,024 implants were placed. After 60 months of observation, 969 implants were considered grade I (successful), 24 grade II (satisfactory survival), and 8 grade III (compromised survival). The cumulative success and survival rates, respectively, were 94.6% and 97.7%. This innovative procedure is very effective in selected cases. Fresh-frozen human bone allografts have been shown to be a reliable biomaterial to increase bone volume with simultaneous dental implant placement.

Removal Torque Values of Titanium Implants Inserted into Bone Defects Filled with Hydroxyapatite: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Analysis in Rabbit

The successful clinical use of implants with microrough titanium surfaces has paved the way for the further development of surface topographies to promote enhanced peri-implant bone apposition during the early stages of bone regeneration. The aim of this study is to determine the torque resistance of the implant-bone interface of plasma sprayed titanium endosseous implants placed in the rabbit tibia in three different situations. Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles with a size ranging from 250 to 450 microm were used in the present study to fill out 6 mm bony defects created in rabbit tibia. Fourteen mature New Zealand white male rabbits, weighing about 2.5 Kg., were used in this study. The test sites were filled with HA and the non-grafted sites were used as control. A total of 28 bone defects (14 without HA and 14 with HA.) were created. Implants with plasma-spray surface were subsequently inserted. Six additional rabbits were used; in these animals no bone defects were created. The implant sites were divided into three groups: 1) implants inserted in the tibia without bone defects; 2) implants inserted in the tibia with bone defects not filled with HA; 3) implants inserted in the tibia with bone defects filled with HA particles. The purpose of this study is to measure reverse-torque in three different situations of clinically similar implant geometry in the articulation of rabbits. The null hypothesis stated that there is a difference in reversal torque between the bone regeneration with HA, native bone and bone defect without bone regeneration. Additionally, comparison between these 6-month data and the 3-month data from a previous study led to the following conclusions: a significant difference exists in the removed torque for the TPS implants in the bone regenerated by HA and native bone; increase in removal torque values was seen for the implant inserted in bone regenerated by HA compared to the implant nated in bone without biomaterials. In conclusion, bone regenerated with biomaterials possesses different mechanical characteristics to native bone.

Correlation between Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) with Clinical and Histological Aspects of Dental Implants Removed for Mobility

Dental implants are a successful treatment modality for missing teeth; however, failures do occur. These failures can occur early in the healing process after primary stability has been achieved at the time of implant placement, or after initial bone remodeling and new bone growth have taken place. The ability to detect implants that are failing or will fail is still not possible. The aim of the present study is to see if correlations exist between RFA values and histologic and histochemical evaluation of the human retrieved implants for failure. In a 5 year period, 37 root form implants were retrieved because of mobility and underwent histological examination. Thin ground sections were obtained from each implant. All the implants had been removed with a 5 mm trephine. In all cases a peri-implant radiolucency was present. Before implant retrieval, the implant stability was evaluated with Osstell (Integration Diagnostics AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). All the implants were not osseointegrated clinically and mobility was present. Radiographically, bone loss was observed around the implants and the mean ISQ values was 37 (+/- 2.7). A scarce inflammatory cell infiltrate was present in the connective tissue of some specimens. In about 10 percent of specimens, the epithelium tended to surround the total perimeter of the implant. These data suggest that implants with an ISQ<40 are irretrievably lost and there is no possibility to save them. A statistically significant correlation was found between an ISQ<36 and irretrievably failed implants.

A Double-Blind Randomized Trial Comparing Implants with Laser-Microtextured and Machined Collar Surfaces: Microbiologic and Clinical Results

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of and determine the differences in periodonto-pathogenic microbiota around two types of implant collar surfaces: laser-microtextured (test) vs machined (control).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Seventeen patients (11 periodontally healthy, and 6 periodontally compromised) were selected to receive the two different implants, placed randomly, in two edentulous sites. Six months following the surgical placement of the dental implants, subgingival plaque samples were collected using paper points from the peri-implant sulcus and from the sulcus of an adjacent tooth. The presence of five putative periodontal pathogens, namely, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythensis, was assessed using real-time polymerized chain reaction (RT-PCR). Peri-implant parameters and intraoral radiographs were recorded up to 1 year after abutment connection.

RESULTS

In the main population, and in the periodontally compromised subgroup, the total number of periodontal pathogens around test implant sites was lower than control implant sites and adjacent tooth sites, with a statistically significant difference (P < .05). In periodontally healthy patients, the mean probing pocket depth for the test implant was 1.31 ± 0.51 mm, compared with 2.66 ± 0.83 mm for the control implant, while in periodontally compromised patients, it was 1.61 ± 0.58 mm for the test implant, compared with a mean value of 2.84 ± 1.0 mm for the control implant.

CONCLUSION

Implants with a laser-microtextured collar surface are not more vulnerable to pathogenic microflora colonization than implants with a machined collar surface. In both of the subgroups of patients (periodontally healthy and periodontally compromised), implants with a laser-microtextured collar surface have a better clinical outcome at 1 year of loading, compared with implants with a machined collar surface.

PARAFAC analysis of IBIL spectra from silver ion exchanged glasses

In this work we present for the first time an application of PARAllel FACtor (PARAFAC) analysis to the investigation of Ion Beam Induced Luminescence (IBIL) spectra of Ag⁺↔Na⁺ ion exchanged silicate glasses, in order to check the possibility to obtain additional information on the formation of silver aggregates under ion irradiation by a proper statistical rearrangement of experimental spectra. We decomposed the data by PARAFAC taking into account both IBIL emission features and their evolution as a function of the time. Shape and trend under irradiation of the extracted components were correlated to silver concentration and aggregates in the investigated systems. Strength and weakness of this statistical approach applied to IBIL spectra recorded as a function of time were evidenced and discussed.

Clinical and Histological changes after ridge preservation with two xenografts: preliminary results from a multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate and compare clinical and histological changes after ridge preservation procedures with those of spontaneous healing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Ninety patients were enrolled in the present randomized controlled clinical trial and underwent single-tooth extraction in the premolar/molar areas. Thirty sites were grafted with collagenated cortico-cancellous (coll), 30 sites with cortical (cort) porcine bone and 30 sites underwent natural healing. Primary (vertical and horizontal bone changes after 3 months) and secondary outcomes (histomorphometric after 3 months) were evaluated at implant placement.

RESULTS

The vertical bone changes at the grafted sockets were significantly (p < 0.0001) lower (0.30 mm for cort group and 0.57 mm for coll group) when compared to non-grafted sockets (2.10 mm for nat group). Moreover, the width reduction of the coll (0.93 mm) and cort (1.33 mm) groups was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than the non-grafted group (3.60 mm). The analysis of subgroups attested that when premolar and molar sites were compared, the buccal bone loss appeared to be dependent both on tooth position and grafting material employed.

CONCLUSION

The ridge preservation procedures had significantly better outcomes when compared to natural healing. The biomaterials did not differ for maintenance of bone width; even though, the bone height seemed to be better preserved with the cortical porcine bone.

Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior concerning dental trauma among parents of children attending primary school

BACKGROUND

Traumatic dental injuries occur frequently in children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study is to examine the levels of knowledge and behaviors regarding dental trauma among parents of children attending primary schools in the Apulia region of Italy.

METHODS

The study was carried out using an anonymous questionnaire with closed answers distributed to 2,775 parents who were enrolled based on the entire regional school population. Analyses were conducted using the PROC CORRESP (procedure to perform multiple correspondence analysis) and PROC FASTCLUS (procedure to perform cluster analysis). Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05.

RESULTS

A total 15.5% of the sample reported that their children had experienced dental trauma. Overall, 53.8% of respondents stated that they knew what to do in cases of dental injury. Regarding the time limit within which it is possible to usefully intervene for dental trauma, 56.8% of respondents indicated "within 30 minutes". Of the total sample, 56.5% knew how to preserve a displaced tooth. A total 62.9% of parents felt it was appropriate for their children to use dental guards during sports activities. The multivariate analysis showed that wrong knowledge are distributed among all kinds of subject. Parents with previous experience of dental trauma referred right behaviours, instead weak knowledge and wrong behaviours are associated with parents that easily worried for dental events.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that most parents reported no experience of dental trauma in their children, and half of them did not know what to do in case of traumatic dental injury and they would intervene within 30 minutes, suggesting that dental trauma may trigger panic. However, they did not have the information needed to best assist the affected child. Motivating parents to assume a preventive approach towards dental trauma may produce positive changes that would result an increase of long-term health benefits among both parents and children.

Particle-based N-linked glycan analysis of selected proteins from biological samples using nonglycosylated binders

Glycosylation is one of the most common and important post-translational modifications, influencing both the chemical and the biological properties of proteins. Studying the glycosylation of the entire protein population of a sample can be challenging because variations in the concentrations of certain proteins can enhance or obscure changes in glycosylation. Furthermore, alterations in the glycosylation pattern of individual proteins, exhibiting larger variability in disease states, have been suggested as biomarkers for different types of cancer, as well as inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we present a rapid and efficient method for glycosylation analysis of individual proteins focusing on changes in the degree of fucosylation or other alterations to the core structure of the glycans, such as the presence of bisecting N-acetylglucosamines and a modified degree of branching. Streptavidin-coated magnetic beads are used in combination with genetically engineered immunoaffinity binders, called VHH antibody fragments. A major advantage of the VHHs is that they are nonglycosylated; thus, enzymatic release of glycans from the targeted protein can be performed directly on the beads. After deglycosylation, the glycans are analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. The developed method was evaluated concerning its specificity, and thereafter implemented for studying the glycosylation pattern of two different proteins, alpha-1-antitrypsin and transferrin, in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a protein array-type experiment that employs bead-based immunoaffinity purification in combination with mass spectrometry analysis for fast and efficient glycan analysis of individual proteins in biological fluid.