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Slazhneva E, Tikhomirova E, Tsarev V, Orekhova L, Loboda E, Atrushkevich V. Candida species detection in patients with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1354-1375. [PMID: 35903878 PMCID: PMC9760140 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the Candida species occurrence rate and concentration in periodontal pockets in chronic periodontitis (CP) by meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was performed of articles published between January 1, 2010, and October 1, 2020, in English and in Russian, in the electronic databases MEDLINE-PubMed, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Research Gate, eLIBRARY, and Cyberleninka (PROSPEROCRD42021234831). The odds ratio (OR), standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Review Manager 5.4.1 to compare the risk of CP when Candida spp. were detected in the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket and to compare Candida spp. density counts in patients with CP and periodontally healthy patients. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 11 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that Candida spp. may increase the chance of CP development by 1.76 times (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.04-2.99; Z = 2.10; p = .04; I2 = 61%). More Candida spp. were found in patients with CP than in periodontally healthy patients (SMD = 1.58; 95% CI = 0.15-3.02; p = .03; I2 = 98%). No data were found relating to the statistically significant influence of Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis on CP development. CONCLUSION We found that Candida albicans insignificantly increased the risk of CP development but, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, further research is necessary to determine the exact role of Candida spp. in the development and course of the inflammatory periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Slazhneva
- Department of PeriodontologyA.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryМoscowRussian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Tikhomirova
- Department of PeriodontologyA.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryМoscowRussian Federation
| | - Victor Tsarev
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, ImmunologyA.I. Yevdokimow Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryMoscowRussian Federation,Laboratory of Molecular Biological ResearchResearch Medical and Dental InstituteМoscowRussian Federation
| | - Liudmila Orekhova
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and PeriodontologyFirst Pavlov State Medical University of St PetersburgSt PetersburgRussian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Loboda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and PeriodontologyFirst Pavlov State Medical University of St PetersburgSt PetersburgRussian Federation
| | - Victoria Atrushkevich
- Department of PeriodontologyA.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryМoscowRussian Federation
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Muthular M, Bálsamo F, Passero P, Jewtuchowicz V, Miozza V, Villalba MB, Brusca MI, Pérez C. Effects of tamoxifen on periodontal disease and Candida albicans of patients with breast cancer and other pathologies. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:129-137. [PMID: 30672328 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is involved in periodontal disease, which is influenced by sex hormones. AIM To study the effects of the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen (TAM) on periodontal disease of oncological patients; clinical oral strains of C. albicans. PATIENTS With periodontitis and breast cancer and other with AIDS were used. MATERIALS & METHODS Periodontal disease was evaluated by the academy of periodontology procedures and the growth of clinical C. albicans isolates were evaluated by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute techniques. RESULTS Women who consumed TAM for more than 2 years decreased periodontitis severity. In vitro, TAM inhibited the growth of both fluconazole-sensitive and resistant C. albicans. CONCLUSION Administered TAM chronically improves periodontal health and has antifungal activity on oral strains isolated from patients with odontologic and medical pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Muthular
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Bálsamo
- Cátedra de Radiología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Passero
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Jewtuchowicz
- Dirección médica, Centro Médico Austral OMI, Montevideo 955, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Miozza
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Blanco Villalba
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Brusca
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Pérez
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Candida sp. Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010076. [PMID: 30634716 PMCID: PMC6352194 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis has increased substantially worldwide over recent decades and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that predisposes individuals to fungal infections, including those related to Candida sp., due to a immunosuppressive effect on the patient. This review aims to discuss the latest studies regarding the occurrence of candidiasis on DM patients and the pathophysiology and etiology associated with these co-morbidities. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken. PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier’s ScienceDirect, and Springer’s SpringerLink databases were searched using well-defined search terms. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to classify relevant manuscripts. Results of the review show that DM patients have an increased susceptibility to Candida sp. infections which aggravates in the cases of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The conclusion is that, for these patients, the hospitalization periods have increased and are commonly associated with the prolonged use of indwelling medical devices, which also increase the costs associated with disease management.
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Nobre ÁVV, Pólvora TLS, Silva LRM, Teles VDO, Villafuerte KV, da Motta RJG, Fortes JHP, Silva GA, Ranieri ALP, de Macedo LD, Morejon KML, da Fonseca BAL, Tirapelli C, Saraiva MCP, Taba M, Lourenço AG, Motta ACF. Effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and immunological profile and oral colonization of Candida spp in HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2018; 90:167-176. [PMID: 30118537 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a chronic controllable disease. For this reason, chronic conditions related to both HIV infection and senescence, such as chronic periodontitis (CP) need to be studied. This study investigated the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on clinical and immunological features of CP, and on oral colonization by Candida spp. in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected individuals. METHODS HIV-infected (test group) and non-HIV-infected (control group) adults patients with CP were selected. Gingival bleeding index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), number of teeth, CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load (only for HIV-infected individuals), salivary cytokines (interleukin, [IL]-6, IL-8, and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), and oral Candida infection (colony forming units and species) were assessed at baseline, and 30 and 90 days after NSPT. RESULTS Twenty-two HIV-infected patients and 20 non-HIV-infected patients were evaluated. Candida counts and salivary IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a levels were higher in the test group than in the control group. Both groups showed a decrease in oral Candida counts, GI, PD, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as gain in CAL at 30 and 90 days after NSPT. In addition, patients in the test group showed an increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and a decrease of viral load. CONCLUSION NSPT had a beneficial impact on clinical and immunological parameters of CP, reduction of oral Candida counts, and improvement of HIV-infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Átila V V Nobre
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tábata L S Pólvora
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia R M Silva
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de O Teles
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Vargas Villafuerte
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael J G da Motta
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João H P Fortes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto A Silva
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura P Ranieri
- Divison of Dentistry and Stomatology of the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro D de Macedo
- Divison of Dentistry and Stomatology of the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen M L Morejon
- Department of Medical Clinic of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito A L da Fonseca
- Department of Medical Clinic of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Tirapelli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C P Saraiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Taba
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan G Lourenço
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina F Motta
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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De-La-Torre J, Quindós G, Marcos-Arias C, Marichalar-Mendia X, Gainza ML, Eraso E, Acha-Sagredo A, Aguirre-Urizar JM. Oral Candida colonization in patients with chronic periodontitis. Is there any relationship? Rev Iberoam Micol 2018; 35:134-139. [PMID: 30082174 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida can be implicated in the pathology of chronic periodontitis. AIMS To analyze the oral Candida carriage in patients suffering from chronic periodontitis (CP) and its correlation with the severity of this condition. METHODS Microbiological samples were taken from 155 patients using the oral rinse (OR) technique and by using paper points in the periodontal pockets (GPP). These patients were divided into 3 groups: 89 patients without CP (control), 47 with moderate CP, and 19 with severe CP. Samples were cultured in a Candida chromogenic agar for Candida. Species were identified by microbiological and molecular methods. RESULTS Candida was isolated in the OR of 45 (50.6%), 21 (44.7%), and 11 (57.9%) patients, respectively, and in the GPP of 32 (36%), 14 (29.2%), and 10 (42.6%) patients from the control, moderate CP and severe CP groups, respectively. Candida was isolated more frequently and in a greater burden in OR than in GPP (p<0.01). Candida albicans was the most prevalent species. GPP of patients with CP had poor fungal biodiversity (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Colonization by Candida was present in the samples of patients without CP, and with both moderate and severe CP. Nonetheless, patients with severe CP had a higher rate of Candida colonization, especially by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janire De-La-Torre
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar "Microbios y Salud" (UFI 11/25), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain; Department of Stomatology II, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar "Microbios y Salud" (UFI 11/25), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar "Microbios y Salud" (UFI 11/25), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
| | - Cristina Marcos-Arias
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar "Microbios y Salud" (UFI 11/25), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
| | - Xabier Marichalar-Mendia
- Department of Stomatology II, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar "Microbios y Salud" (UFI 11/25), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gainza
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Elena Eraso
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar "Microbios y Salud" (UFI 11/25), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
| | - Amelia Acha-Sagredo
- Department of Stomatology II, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar "Microbios y Salud" (UFI 11/25), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aguirre-Urizar
- Department of Stomatology II, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar "Microbios y Salud" (UFI 11/25), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
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Gunasegar S, Himratul-Aznita WH. Influence of nicotine on the adherence of Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and expression of selected binding-related genes. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1334593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gunasegar
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Harun Himratul-Aznita
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Camargo GADCG, Abreu MGL, Cordeiro RDS, Wenderoscky LDF, Duque C. Prevalence of periodontopathogens and Candida spp. in smokers after nonsurgical periodontal therapy - a pilot study. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e92. [PMID: 27556680 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking on clinical and microbiological parameters after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Forty-eight subjects were grouped into smokers (SM, n = 24) and nonsmokers (NS, n = 24) and paired according to gender, age, ethnicity, and periodontal status. Both groups received oral hygiene education and scaling and root planing. Clinical evaluation was performed using plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket probing depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL) before instrumentation (baseline) and at 3 and 6 months. The prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida dubliniensis in subgingival biofilm was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The data were statistically analyzed considering p < 0.05. Clinical conditions improved between baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment. However, NS had a better clinical response, presenting greater PPD reduction and CAL increase in comparison to SM. Periodontal treatment reduced the levels of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. forsythia individually after 3 months for the NS group and after 6 months for both groups. The prevalence of Candida species was markedly higher in SM than in NS at all time points evaluated. Periodontopathogens associated or not with C. albicans or C. dubliniensis were more prevalent in SM than in NS at baseline and after 3 months. It was concluded that smoking impairs clinical and microbiological responses to periodontal therapy. Periodontopathogens combined or not with some Candida species are resistant to short-term periodontal therapy in SM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristiane Duque
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Yu Q, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Li M. Inhibition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on pathogenic biofilm formation and invasion to host cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26667. [PMID: 27220400 PMCID: PMC4879543 DOI: 10.1038/srep26667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the growing infectious diseases caused by eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens, it is urgent to develop novel antimicrobial agents against clinical pathogenic infections. Biofilm formation and invasion into the host cells are vital processes during pathogenic colonization and infection. In this study, we tested the inhibitory effect of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on pathogenic growth, biofilm formation and invasion. Interestingly, although the synthesized AuNPs had no significant toxicity to the tested pathogens, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the nanoparticles strongly inhibited pathogenic biofilm formation and invasion to dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Further investigations revealed that AuNPs abundantly bound to the pathogen cells, which likely contributed to their inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and invasion. Moreover, treatment of AuNPs led to activation of immune response-related genes in DPSCs, which may enhance the activity of host immune system against the pathogens. Zeta potential analysis and polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating tests further showed that the interaction between pathogen cells and AuNPs is associated with electrostatic attractions. Our findings shed novel light on the application of nanomaterials in fighting against clinical pathogens, and imply that the traditional growth inhibition test is not the only way to evaluate the drug effect during the screening of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jianrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
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Udayalaxmi J, Shenoy N. Comparison Between Biofilm Production, Phospholipase and Haemolytic Activity of Different Species of Candida Isolated from Dental Caries Lesions in Children. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:DC21-3. [PMID: 27190803 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17019.7643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION C.albicans is the most commonly isolated fungal pathogen in the oral cavity, but isolation of non-albicans Candida is increasing in recent years. We wish to demonstrate the virulence factors of Candida spp. isolated from the dental caries lesion of the children as presence of virulence factors determines the pathogenic potential of any microorganism. AIM To compare biofilm production, phospholipase and haemolytic activity of C.albicans with that of non-albicans species of Candida isolated from dental caries lesions of children to evaluate the role of non- albicans species of Candida in formation of dental caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral swabs were collected from caries lesion of 100 school children of age 5-10 years with dental caries. Candida isolates were tested for biofilm production, phospholipase and haemolytic activity. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney U test wherever applicable using SPSS version 11.5. RESULTS Out of the 100 children with dental caries 37 were positive for Candida by smear or culture and 31 by culture. C.albicans was the most prevalent isolate followed by C.krusei, C.tropicalis and C.albicans. Out of 21 C.albicans isolates, 10 (47.6%) showed phospholipase activity and 18 (85.71%) produced biofilm. Of the 10 non-albicans strains, 5 (50%) showed phospholipase activity and 6 (60%) produced biofilm. All isolates of Candida produced haemolysin (100%). CONCLUSION There was no statistically relevant difference between the virulence factor production by C.albicans and non-albicans species of Candida. In other words, our study shows that both C.albicans and non-albicans species of Candida isolated from caries lesions of the children, produce these virulence factors. So we can say that non-albicans species of Candida also are involved in caries formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Udayalaxmi
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, KMC, Manipal University , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Neetha Shenoy
- Final year BDS student, MCODS, Manipal University , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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de Sousa LVNF, Santos VL, de Souza Monteiro A, Dias-Souza MV, Marques SG, de Faria ES, Assunção EADO, Dos Santos SG, Zonis JM, de Alvarenga DG, de Holanda RA, de Sousa JG, Dos Santos KV, Stoianoff MADR. Isolation and identification of Candida species in patients with orogastric cancer: susceptibility to antifungal drugs, attributes of virulence in vitro and immune response phenotype. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:86. [PMID: 26905729 PMCID: PMC4763456 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of the inherent immunosuppression of cancer patients opportunistic infections by Candida spp, occur frequently. This study aimed to identify Candida species in the oral mucosa of 59 patients with orogastric cancer (OGC) and to analyze the immunological phenotype of these patients. Methods The yeasts were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). For all isolates, we performed phospholipases and proteinases assays, in vitro adherence to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), minimum inhibitory concentration of antifungal drugs and determined the cytokine profile by Cytometric Bead Array flow citometry assay. Results C. albicans was the most prevalent species in OGC patients (51.6 %) and control group (66.7 %). Candida spp. strains isolated from OGC patients exhibited better adherence to BEC (p = 0.05) than did the control group. Phospholipases production by Candida strains from OGC patients was lower (51.6 %) than in the control group (61.9 %). Proteinases were detected in 41.9 % and 4.8 % of the yeasts from OGC patients and control group, respectively. Significant differences were found in the serum of OGC patients compared to the control group for IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17. Conclusions The results of this work suggest increased virulence of yeasts isolated from OGC patients and, that this may interfere with the immune phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourimar Viana Nascimento F de Sousa
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Microbiology, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lúcia Santos
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Vinicíus Dias-Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Speziali de Faria
- Biomarkers Laboratory Diagnostics and Monitoring, Research Center René Rachou (CPqRR) - FIOCRUZ/MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Laboratory of oral and anaerobic microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Assunção de Holanda
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Gontijo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kênia Valéria Dos Santos
- Laboratory of General Bacteriology and Clinical, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Health Science Center, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida de Resende Stoianoff
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Bertini A, Zoppo M, Lombardi L, Rizzato C, De Carolis E, Vella A, Torelli R, Sanguinetti M, Tavanti A. Targeted gene disruption in Candida parapsilosis demonstrates a role for CPAR2_404800 in adhesion to a biotic surface and in a murine model of ascending urinary tract infection. Virulence 2015; 7:85-97. [PMID: 26632333 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, second in frequency only to C. albicans and commonly associated with both mucosal and systemic infections. Adhesion to biotic surfaces is a key step for the development of mycoses. The C. parapsilosis genome encodes 5 predicted agglutinin-like sequence proteins and their precise role in the adhesion process still remains to be elucidated. In this study, we focused on the putative adhesin Cpar2_404800, in view of its high homology to the most important adhesion molecule in C. albicans. Two independent lineages of C. parapsilosis CPAR2_404800 heterozygous and null mutants were obtained by site-specific deletion. CPAR2_404800 mutants did not differ from wild-type strain in terms of in vitro growth or in their ability to undergo morphogenesis. However, when compared for adhesion to a biotic surface, CPAR2_404800 null mutants exhibited a marked reduction in their adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (>60% reduction of adhesion index). Reintroduction of one copy of CPAR2_404800 gene in the null background restored wild type phenotype. A murine model of urinary tract infection was used to elucidate the in vivo contribution of CPAR2_404800. A 0.5 and 1 log10 reduction in colony forming unit numbers (per gram) was observed respectively in bladder and kidneys obtained from mice infected with null mutant compared to wild-type infected ones. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence for a direct role of CPAR2_404800 in C. parapsilosis adhesion to host surfaces and demonstrate its contribution to the pathogenesis of murine urinary candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bertini
- a Department of Biology ; Genetic Unit; University of Pisa ; Pisa , Italy
| | - Marina Zoppo
- a Department of Biology ; Genetic Unit; University of Pisa ; Pisa , Italy
| | - Lisa Lombardi
- a Department of Biology ; Genetic Unit; University of Pisa ; Pisa , Italy
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- a Department of Biology ; Genetic Unit; University of Pisa ; Pisa , Italy
| | - Elena De Carolis
- b Institute of Microbiology; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart ; Rome , Italy
| | - Antonietta Vella
- b Institute of Microbiology; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart ; Rome , Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- b Institute of Microbiology; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart ; Rome , Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- b Institute of Microbiology; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart ; Rome , Italy
| | - Arianna Tavanti
- a Department of Biology ; Genetic Unit; University of Pisa ; Pisa , Italy
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Hammad MM, Darwazeh AMG, Idrees MM. The effect of glycemic control on Candida colonization of the tongue and the subgingival plaque in patients with type II diabetes and periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 116:321-6. [PMID: 23953417 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identify the relationship between the tongue and subgingival plaque Candida colonization, and its relationship to the quality of glycemic control (assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin) and other confounders, in type II diabetics who have periodontitis. STUDY DESIGN Candida species were isolated from the tongue and subgingival plaque of the 2 deepest periodontal pockets from 78 patients, and were identified by RapID Yeast Plus System. Student's t test, χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Spearman's correlation test were used. RESULTS Candida species colonized 46 (59%) and 38 (48.7%) of the patients tongue and subgingival plaque, respectively. Subgingival Candida was more prevalent in females than males (P = .041). The quality of glycemic control correlated with the prevalence of subgingival Candida (P = .047) and the severity of gingival disease (P = .047). CONCLUSION Poor glycemic control and female gender may be associated with increased subgingival Candida in patients with type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Hammad
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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