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Deng J, Wang H, Fu T, Xu C, Zhu Q, Guo L, Zhu Y. Physical activity improves the visual-spatial working memory of individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1365589. [PMID: 38605880 PMCID: PMC11007231 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Our network meta-analysis aimed to ascertain the effect of physical activity on the visual-spatial working memory of individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease as well as to propose tailored exercise interventions for each group. Methods Employing a frequentist approach, we performed a network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of different exercise interventions in improving the visual-spatial working memory of individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Subsequently, we explored the moderating variables influencing the effectiveness of the exercise interventions through a subgroup analysis. Results We included 34 articles involving 3,074 participants in the meta-analysis, comprised of 1,537 participants from studies on mild cognitive impairment and 1,537 participants from studies on Alzheimer's disease. The articles included exhibited an average quality score of 6.6 (score studies) and 6.75 (reaction time [RT] studies), all passing the inconsistency test (p > 0.05). In the mild cognitive impairment literature, mind-body exercise emerged as the most effective exercise intervention (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.07-1.14). In Alzheimer's disease research, aerobic exercise was identified as the optimal exercise intervention (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.06-0.71). Conclusion The results of the subgroup analysis suggest that the most effective approach to enhancing the visual-spatial working memory of individuals with mild cognitive impairment entails exercising at a frequency of three or more times per week for over 60 min each time and at a moderate intensity for more than 3 months. Suitable exercise options include mind-body exercise, multicomponent exercise, resistance exercise, and aerobic exercise. For individuals with Alzheimer's disease, we recommend moderately intense exercise twice per week for over 90 min per session and for a duration of 3 months or longer, with exercise options encompassing aerobic exercise and resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Ministry of Sports and National Defense Education, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liya Guo
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Pujari V. Martial Arts as a Tool for Enhancing Attention and Executive Function: Implications for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S20-S25. [PMID: 38595455 PMCID: PMC11001089 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_612_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
With a focus on its implications for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), this review study seeks to investigate the possible advantages of martial arts training on attention and executive function. Common cognitive impairments seen in a variety of psychiatric diseases, such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, include difficulties in attention and executive function. Training in martial arts, which is known for its demanding physical and mental requirements, has drawn interest as a potential intervention for improving cognitive function. An overview of the most recent research on how martial arts training affects focus and executive function is given in this publication. The results demonstrate the potential of martial arts as a strategy for enhancing executive function and attention-related cognitive functions. The article also explores the implications of adding martial arts instruction to CBT therapies, arguing that doing so might be a beneficial supplementary strategy to improve treatment outcomes. With information on the possible advantages of martial arts training for attention and executive function, this review paper adds to the expanding corpus of research on non-pharmacological therapies for cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswar Pujari
- Chief Mentor, Body Brain Behaviour Foundation, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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3
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Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wang N, Ge S, Liu Y. Effectiveness of Tai Chi on cognitive function among older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:285-293. [PMID: 37728939 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2253183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of Tai Chi on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS A systematic search of eight English and five Chinese electronic databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of Tai Chi as the intervention. The main outcomes included executive function, episodic memory, visuospatial function, working memory, concentration, memory complaints, and global cognition. The Cochrane RoB tool was used to assess bias in the study. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4. Narrative syntheses were performed if meta-analysis was inappropriate. RESULTS A total of eleven trials (905 participants) were included. Meta-analysis showed that Tai Chi significantly and moderately affected executive function (SMD = -1.01, 95% CI: -1.54 to -0.47, p < 0.001), episodic memory (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.94, p = 0.001), visuospatial function (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.60, p < 0.001), and global cognition (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.14 to 1.00, p = 0.01).One study showed that Tai Chi could improve verbal fluency. CONCLUSIONS This review reveals that Tai Chi can improve executive function, episodic memory, visuospatial function, and global cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, but not working memory, concentration, or memory complaints. These findings are consist with existing reviews about the effectiveness of Tai Chi. Long-duration (> 1500 min) Tai Chi is more effective for improving global cognition. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the potential risk of bias and limited sample sizes of the included studies. Future trials should examine the effectiveness of standardized Tai Chi intervention on cognitive outcomes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Nursing, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Ge
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Xu Y, Zhu J, Liu H, Qiu Z, Wu M, Liu J, Wu J, Huang J, Liu Z, Liu W, Tao J. Effects of Tai Chi combined with tDCS on cognitive function in patients with MCI: a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1199246. [PMID: 37608981 PMCID: PMC10441111 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical stage of dementia. Previous reviews have suggested that physical exercise combined with non-invasive brain stimulation is more beneficial for improving cognitive function. However, no targeted studies have confirmed the effect of Tai Chi combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the improvement of cognitive function in patients with MCI. Thus, this randomized trial was conducted to assess the effect of Tai Chi combined with tDCS on the cognitive performance of patients with MCI. Methods From April 2018 to February 2020, a randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted, involving 180 participants with MCI who were divided into four intervention groups: Tai Chi combined with tDCS (TCT), Tai Chi combined with sham tDCS (TCS), walking combined with tDCS (WAT), and walking combined with sham tDCS (WAS). All participants were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks for global cognitive function, memory, attention, and executive function. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences in age, gender, education duration, body mass index, or the Baker Depression Inventory among the four groups (P ≥ 0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the TCT group showed greater improvements in MOCA scores, memory quotient scores, and digit-symbol coding task reaction time compared to the TCS, WAS, and WAT groups (P < 0.05). The TCT group also had a shorter Stroop test color reaction time compared to the WAS and WAT groups (P < 0.05), a higher increase in Auditory Verbal Learning Test-immediate recall than the TCS and WAT groups (P < 0.05), a shorter visual reaction time than the TCS group (P < 0.05), and a shorter sustained attention time compared to the WAT group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Tai Chi combined with tDCS effectively improves global cognitive performance, memory, execution function, and attention in patients with MCI. These findings suggest the potential clinical use of Tai Chi combined with tDCS as a physical exercise combined with a non-invasive brain stimulation intervention to improve cognitive function in older adults with MCI. Clinical trial registration ChiCTR1800015629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingfang Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijie Qiu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mengyuan Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingsong Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Wang X, Si K, Gu W, Wang X. Mitigating effects and mechanisms of Tai Chi on mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1028822. [PMID: 36760710 PMCID: PMC9906996 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1028822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a major public health concern that endangers health and decreases the quality of life of the elderly around the world. A recent clinical guideline has recommended regular exercise (twice per week) for patients with MCI as part of an overall approach to management. Tai Chi, a form of light-to-moderate-intensity mind-body exercise, is particularly suitable for seniors. This review aims to summarize epidemiological studies related to the effects of Tai Chi on symptom remission in older adults with MCI and reveal the potential mechanisms. Evidence suggested that Tai Chi can improve cognitive functions and alleviate the accompanying symptoms of MCI in the elderly potentially by activating the expression of signals in different brain regions, altering their connectivity, increasing the brain volume, and modulating brain-derived neurotropic and inflammation factors. Studies comparing various types of Tai Chi may contribute to the identification of paradigms that have appropriate intensities and difficulty and exert good effects on older people with MCI. In addition, studies are warranted to determine the frequency and duration of training that can optimize the beneficial effects of Tai Chi on MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyi Si
- Department of Military Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Lin M, Ma C, Zhu J, Gao J, Huang L, Huang J, Liu Z, Tao J, Chen L. Effects of exercise interventions on executive function in old adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101776. [PMID: 36332758 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of exercise interventions on subdomains of executive function (EF) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Nine electronic databases were comprehensively searched from their inception to February 2021. Randomized controlled trials examining the effect of exercise training on EF in MCI were included. RESULTS Twenty-four eligible articles involving 2278 participants were identified. The results showed that exercise interventions had positive benefits on working memory, switching and inhibition in MCI. Subgroup analysis based on exercise prescriptions revealed that both aerobatic exercise and mind-body exercise had similar positive effect size on working memory. However, only mind-body exercise had significant effect on switching. Exercise training with moderate frequency (3-4 times/week) had larger effect size than low frequency (1-2 times/week) and only moderate frequency had positive benefits on switching. Both short (4-12 weeks), medium (13-24 weeks) and long (more than 24 weeks) exercise duration significantly ameliorate working memory and switching, however with short duration having slight larger effect sizes than medium and long. CONCLUSION Exercise significantly improves three subdomains of EF in MCI, especially mind-body exercise. Exercise training sticking to at least 4 weeks with 3-4 times a week tends to have larger effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoran Lin
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Chuyi Ma
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jingfang Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jiahui Gao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Li Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jia Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, China.
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Leung LYL, Tam HL, Ho JKM. Effectiveness of Tai Chi on older adults: A systematic review of systematic reviews with re-meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 103:104796. [PMID: 36058045 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This overview study examined and synthesized the effect of Tai Chi (TC) on the physical conditions, psychological conditions, cognitive abilities, and quality of life (QoL) of older adults. This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Using Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, English-language systematic reviews (SRs) published within the latest decade (2010-2020) were included. SRs with meta-analysis were selected if TC was the examined intervention and older adults was the targeted population. A total of 16 SRs covering 89 original studies were included. A number of the pooled results of the included SRs were inconclusive. Taking into consideration of the new meta-analyses of this study, TC significantly improved most outcomes, including the mobility, pain level, physical function, psychological distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, global cognitive function, mental speed and attention, learning ability, verbal fluency, executive function, and QoL of older adults. TC can be an effective intervention for older adults for improving physical and psychological conditions, cognitive abilities, and QoL. Additional high-quality studies with larger samples investigating the effectiveness of TC in older adults are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Yuen Ling Leung
- The Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ 07043-2314, USA; Canadian Academy of Independent Scholar, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hon Lon Tam
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau; The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Jonathan Ka Ming Ho
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong
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8
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Li H, Su W, Dang H, Han K, Lu H, Yue S, Zhang H. Exercise Training for Mild Cognitive Impairment Adults Older Than 60: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1263-1278. [PMID: 35811527 PMCID: PMC9484098 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to increase due to population aging. Exercise has been a supporting health strategy that may elicit beneficial effects on cognitive function and prevent dementia. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic, resistance, and multimodal exercise training on cognition in adults aged > 60 years with MCI. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases and ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov) up to November 2021, with no language restrictions. We included all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of exercise programs on cognitive function with any other active intervention or no intervention in participants with MCI aged > 60 years. Results: Twelve RCTs were included in this review. Meta-analysis results revealed significant improvements in resistance training on measures of executive function (p < 0.05) and attention (p < 0.05); no significant differences were observed between aerobic exercise and controls on any of the cognitive comparisons. Conclusion: Exercise training had a small beneficial effect on executive function and attention in older adults with MCI. Larger studies are required to examine the effects of exercise and the possible moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenlong Su
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Dang
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kaiyue Han
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Lu
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shouwei Yue
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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9
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Shi X, He X, Pan D, Qiao H, Li J. Happiness, depression, physical activity and cognition among the middle and old-aged population in China: a conditional process analysis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13673. [PMID: 35782096 PMCID: PMC9248807 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Happiness is one variable of subjective well-being, which has been increasingly shown to have protective effects on health. Although the association between happiness and cognition has been established, the mechanism by which happiness leads to cognition remains unclear. Since happiness, depression, and physical activity may all be related to cognition, and happiness is related to depression and physical activity, this study explored the effect of depression and physical activity on the relationship between happiness and cognition among middle and old-aged individuals in China. Methods Data on 14,344 participants above 45 years of age were obtained from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies survey. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the correlation factors of cognition. The conditional process analysis was used to assess the mediatory effect of depression and physical activity on the relationship between happiness and cognition. Results Residence, age, sex, income level, social status, smoking, napping, reading, education, exercise times, satisfaction, happiness, and depression had associations with cognition. When other variables were held constant, cognition score increased by 0.029 standard deviation(SD) for every 1 SD increased in happiness. Mediation analysis showed that happiness had a significant positive total effect on cognition. The direct effect of happiness was significant and accounted for 57.86% of the total effect. The mediatory effect of depression (path of happiness→depression→cognition) accounted for 38.31% of the total effect, whereas that of physical activity (path of happiness→exercise times→cognition) accounted for 3.02% of the total effect. Conclusion Happiness has a positive correlation with cognitive function, and depression and physical activity play mediatory roles in this association. Effective interventions to improve happiness levels of middle and old-aged population will not only improve their subjective well-being but also improve their cognitive function, which carries great potential for reducing public health burdens related to cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Degong Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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10
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Effect of Tai Chi on Cognitive Function among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6679153. [PMID: 34394392 PMCID: PMC8360724 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6679153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Cognitive decline occurs in all persons during the aging process and drugs can only alleviate symptoms and are expensive. Some researches demonstrated that Tai Chi had potential in preventing cognitive decline while others' results showed Tai Chi had no influence on cognitive impairment. Therefore, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of cognitive impairment patients practicing Tai Chi. Methods A comprehensive literature search was carried out in multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo (Ovid), CKNI, Wan Fang, VIP, SinoMed, and ClinicalTrails, from their inception to 1 July 2020 to collect randomized controlled trials about practicing Tai Chi for patients with cognitive impairment. Primary outcomes included changes of cognitive function and secondary outcomes included changes of memory functions. Data were extracted by two independent individuals and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0 was applied for the included studies. Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results The results included 827 cases in 9 studies, of which 375 were in the experimental group and 452 were in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that Mini-Mental State Examination WMD = 1.52, 95% CI [0.90, 2.14]; Montreal Cognitive Assessment WMD = 3.5, 95% CI [0.76, 6.24]; Clinical Dementia Rating WMD = −0.55, 95% CI [−0.80, −0.29]; logical memory delayed recall WMD = 1.1, 95% CI [0.04, 2.16]; digit span forward WMD = 0.53, 95% CI [−0.65, 1.71]; and digit span backward WMD = −0.1, 95% CI [−0.38, 0.19]. No adverse events were reported in the included articles. Conclusion There is limited evidence to support that practicing Tai Chi is effective for older adults with cognitive impairment. Tai Chi seems to be a safe exercise, which can bring better changes in cognitive function score.
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Borelli WV, Labrea VN, Leal-Conceicao E, Portuguez MW, Costa JCD. Evaluating subjective cognitive decline: a systematic review of tools available for evaluating cognitive complaints in Portuguese. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:238-247. [PMID: 33886797 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a perception that is not objectively measured in screening tests. Although many tools are available for evaluating SCD, no single gold standard is available for classifying individuals as presenting SCD, in the Portuguese-speaking population. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for tools used to evaluate SCD in the Portuguese-speaking population. METHODS Four databases (Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE) were primarily utilized in this study (Phase 1). Subsequently, we conducted a manual search of the literature (Phase 2). We then retrieved tools for critical evaluation (Phase 3). Studies that matched the inclusion criteria were analyzed. We summarized the features of each tool in terms of the number of questions, scoring system, benefits and deficiencies, translation and validity. RESULTS A total of 30 studies utilizing four questionnaires and seven different single questions were found. The tools retrieved were the Memory Assessment Questionnaire (MAC-Q; 12/30 studies), single-question methods (7/30 studies), Subjective Memory Complaint Scale (SMC scale; 5/30 studies), Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ; 3/30 studies) and Memory Complaint Scale (MCS; 3/30 studies). Only two were formally translated and validated for the Portuguese speaking population (PRMQ and MCS). CONCLUSIONS In summary, SCD is still underinvestigated in Portuguese-speaking countries. The MAC-Q was the most commonly used tool in Portuguese, despite its lack of formal translation and validation for the Portuguese-speaking population. Further studies are required in order to develop and validate a screening tool that includes questions for detecting SCD-plus features and affective symptoms, so as to improve its predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyllians Vendramini Borelli
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia Biomédica, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Nicola Labrea
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mirna Wetters Portuguez
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia Biomédica, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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12
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Yang SY, Lee HC, Huang CM, Chen JJ. Efficacy of Tai Chi-Style Multi-Component Exercise on Frontal-Related Cognition and Physical Health in Elderly With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:636390. [PMID: 35822039 PMCID: PMC9261301 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.636390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early prevention from accelerated neurocognitive declines with advanced aging and the delay of the onset of dementia have became paramount for the achievement of active aging. The present study examined whether the proposed non-pharmaceutical, multi-component exercise training which combined Tai-Chi exercise, Aerobic fitness, and thera-band therapy protects against age-related neurocognitive and physical deterioration in the older participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Participants with aMCI in the quasi-experimental design were assigned to the multi-component exercise group or care control group. Evaluations of neuropsychological function and functional fitness were performed before and after 12-weeks intervention, and after 24-weeks follow-up. Our results showed that the multi-component intervention significantly improved various domains of neurocognitive function, particularly in memory- and frontal-related cognition, and better performance on functional fitness, including muscle strength, cardiopulmonary endurance, and agility. Furthermore, such beneficial effects were preserved after 24 weeks. The findings provide supportive evidence that non-pharmaceutically multi-component intervention with Tai-Chi style practice as a core exercise may protect against age-related neurocognitive and physical deficits and lay the path on developing age-friendly intervention programs to delay, or even reverse, the progression of MCI to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yun Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sports and Health Science Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuei-Chen Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sports and Health Science Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Mao Huang, ; Jin-Jong Chen,
| | - Jin-Jong Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sports and Health Science Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Innovation Center of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Exercise and Health Promotion, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Mao Huang, ; Jin-Jong Chen,
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13
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Chen ML, Wotiz SB, Banks SM, Connors SA, Shi Y. Dose-Response Association of Tai Chi and Cognition among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3179. [PMID: 33808633 PMCID: PMC8003349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that Tai Chi might be an effective way to improve or prevent cognitive impairments in older populations. However, existing research does not provide clear recommendations about the optimal dose of Tai Chi practice, which is the most effective in improving cognitive function in older adults. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the dose-response relationship between Tai Chi and cognition in community-dwelling older adults. A total of 16 studies with 1121 subjects were included in this study. Meta-regression analyses of Tai Chi duration (Tai Chi session duration, Tai Chi practice duration per week, study duration, and Tai Chi practice duration for the entire study) on the study effect size (ES) were performed to examine the dose-response association of Tai Chi and cognition. The results showed that there was a positive effect of Tai Chi on cognitive function, but there were no statistically significant dose duration effects on cognition. The findings suggest that Tai Chi has beneficial effects on cognitive function, but a longer duration was not associated with larger effects. In order to establish evidence-based clinical interventions using Tai Chi, future research should clearly demonstrate intervention protocol, particularly the style and intensity of Tai Chi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lan Chen
- Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.B.W.); (S.M.B.); (S.A.C.)
- Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Stephanie B. Wotiz
- Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.B.W.); (S.M.B.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Starr M. Banks
- Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.B.W.); (S.M.B.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Sabine A. Connors
- Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.B.W.); (S.M.B.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Yuyin Shi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
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Clinical Evidence of Tai Chi Exercise Prescriptions: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5558805. [PMID: 33777155 PMCID: PMC7972853 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5558805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This systematic review aims to summarize the existing literature on Tai Chi randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and recommend Tai Chi exercise prescriptions for different diseases and populations. Methods A systematic search for Tai Chi RCTs was conducted in five electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Web of Science) from their inception to December 2019. SPSS 20.0 software and Microsoft Excel 2019 were used to analyze the data, and the risk of bias tool in the RevMan 5.3.5 software was used to evaluate the methodological quality of RCTs. Results A total of 139 articles were identified, including diseased populations (95, 68.3%) and healthy populations (44, 31.7%). The diseased populations included the following 10 disease types: musculoskeletal system or connective tissue diseases (34.7%), circulatory system diseases (23.2%), mental and behavioral disorders (12.6%), nervous system diseases (11.6%), respiratory system diseases (6.3%), endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases (5.3%), neoplasms (3.2%), injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (1.1%), genitourinary system diseases (1.1%), and diseases of the eye and adnexa (1.1%). Tai Chi exercise prescription was generally classified as moderate intensity. The most commonly applied Tai Chi style was Yang style (92, 66.2%), and the most frequently specified Tai Chi form was simplified 24-form Tai Chi (43, 30.9%). 12 weeks and 24 weeks, 2-3 times a week, and 60 min each time was the most commonly used cycle, frequency, and time of exercise in Tai Chi exercise prescriptions. Conclusions We recommend the more commonly used Tai Chi exercise prescriptions for different diseases and populations based on clinical evidence of Tai Chi. Further clinical research on Tai Chi should be combined with principles of exercise prescription to conduct large-sample epidemiological studies and long-term prospective follow-up studies to provide more substantive clinical evidence for Tai Chi exercise prescriptions.
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Bliss ES, Wong RHX, Howe PRC, Mills DE. Benefits of exercise training on cerebrovascular and cognitive function in ageing. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:447-470. [PMID: 32954902 PMCID: PMC7907999 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20957807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Derangements in cerebrovascular structure and function can impair cognitive performance throughout ageing and in cardiometabolic disease states, thus increasing dementia risk. Modifiable lifestyle factors that cause a decline in cardiometabolic health, such as physical inactivity, exacerbate these changes beyond those that are associated with normal ageing. The purpose of this review was to examine cerebrovascular, cognitive and neuroanatomical adaptations to ageing and the potential benefits of exercise training on these outcomes in adults 50 years or older. We systematically searched for cross-sectional or intervention studies that included exercise (aerobic, resistance or multimodal) and its effect on cerebrovascular function, cognition and neuroanatomical adaptations in this age demographic. The included studies were tabulated and described narratively. Aerobic exercise training was the predominant focus of the studies identified; there were limited studies exploring the effects of resistance exercise training and multimodal training on cerebrovascular function and cognition. Collectively, the evidence indicated that exercise can improve cerebrovascular function, cognition and neuroplasticity through areas of the brain associated with executive function and memory in adults 50 years or older, irrespective of their health status. However, more research is required to ascertain the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Bliss
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of
Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland,
Australia
- Edward S Bliss, School of Health and
Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba Campus, West St,
Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Rachel HX Wong
- Centre for Health, Informatics, and Economic Research, Institute
for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland,
Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Clinical Nutrition
Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales,
Australia
| | - Peter RC Howe
- Centre for Health, Informatics, and Economic Research, Institute
for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland,
Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Clinical Nutrition
Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales,
Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South
Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dean E Mills
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of
Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland,
Australia
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16
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Wei L, Chai Q, Chen J, Wang Q, Bao Y, Xu W, Ma E. The impact of Tai Chi on cognitive rehabilitation of elder adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:2197-2206. [PMID: 33043709 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1830311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianwen Chai
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuting Bao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Enting Ma
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Nissim M, Hutzler Y, Goldstein A. A walk on water: comparing the influence of Ai Chi and Tai Chi on fall risk and verbal working memory in ageing people with intellectual disabilities - a randomised controlled trial. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:603-613. [PMID: 30775818 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquatic motor intervention has been found to be effective in reducing falls and improving verbal working memory among the general population. However, effects among older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) have never been explored. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic motor intervention on fall risk and verbal working memory among older adults with ID. METHODS Forty-one older adults with mild to moderate ID (age: 50-66 years) were randomly assigned to 14 weeks of aquatic motor intervention (Ai Chi: N = 19) or identical on-land motor intervention (Tai Chi: N = 22). Fall risk, measured with the Tinetti balance assessment tool (TBAT), and verbal working memory, measured with the digit span forward test, were assessed pre-intervention, after 7 weeks of intervention and post-intervention. RESULTS Study results indicate positive effects of both aquatic and on-land motor intervention on TBAT fall risk score, while the aquatic motor intervention group improved TBAT fall risk score quicker as compared with the on-land motor intervention group. Moreover, the lower the pre-intervention TBAT score was, the higher the improvement. In addition, study findings support the positive effects of aquatic motor intervention on verbal working memory ability as measured with the digit span forward test. CONCLUSIONS Motor intervention, and particularly in an aquatic environment, can potentially reduce fall risk. Aquatic motor intervention may help to improve verbal working memory among older adults with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nissim
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Y Hutzler
- The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel
| | - A Goldstein
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Lim KHL, Pysklywec A, Plante M, Demers L. The effectiveness of Tai Chi for short-term cognitive function improvement in the early stages of dementia in the elderly: a systematic literature review. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:827-839. [PMID: 31190769 PMCID: PMC6512568 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s202055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This systematic review examines intervention studies using Tai Chi in the early stages of dementia to determine the effectiveness of Tai Chi for the short-term improvement of cognitive functions for elderly persons with the disease. Methods: A keyword search was done in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and Cochrane Library databases using keywords such as Tai Chi, Dementia*, and cognition. A secondary search strategy consisting of a manual search in the reference lists of selected articles was also used. Results: A total of nine studies were reviewed including six randomized controlled trials, two non-randomized controlled trials, and one non-randomized prospective study. The studies suggest Tai Chi has impacts on global cognitive functions, visuospatial skills, semantic memory, verbal learning/memory, and self-perception of memory. The effects of Tai Chi on overall cognition for people with mild cognitive impairment are comparable to those in control groups which engaged in exercise. Conclusion: The studies reviewed affirm the potential of Tai Chi to improve short-term cognitive function in the elderly at the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Huy-Leng Lim
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Sante at Service Sociaux du Nord de l‘île de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Pysklywec
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Plante
- Centre de Recherche de l’In Université de Montréalstitut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louise Demers
- Centre de Recherche de l’In Université de Montréalstitut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- École de Réadaptation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:Mind-body interventions have been associated with a range of positive outcomes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of the present study was to review the impact of different non-pharmacological programs based on mind-body intervention for older adults with MCI. METHODS A comprehensive search method as required by the Cochrane Collaboration has been performed through the following databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, Cochrane, Ebsco. We included the studies that evaluated the impact of mind-body interventions such as mindfulness or meditation, yoga, Tai Chi and Qigong on cognitive function and everyday functionality of non-hospitalized adults aged 55 years or over with MCI. RESULTS Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that mind-body interventions improved cognitive function, everyday activities functioning, and mindfulness, as well as resulting in a moderate reduction in fall risk, depression and stress and lower risk of dementia at one year. CONCLUSION Several mind-body interventions focused broadly on mindfulness, yoga and Tai Chi training have been studied. This review shows that mind-body interventions improved cognitive function and everyday activities functioning, memory, resilience and mindfulness in older adults with MCI. However, the conclusions faced limitations, such as small sample size, heterogeneity of outcome measures, lack of an active control group and absence of long-term follow up. Further high-quality evidence is needed in order to determine whether mind-body interventions are cost-effective for improving cognitive decline in older adults with MCI and for delaying the rapid progression from MCI to Alzheimer or other types of dementia.
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Zou L, Loprinzi PD, Yeung AS, Zeng N, Huang T. The Beneficial Effects of Mind-Body Exercises for People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100:1556-1573. [PMID: 30986409 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To objectively evaluate the most common forms of mind-body exercise (MBE) (tai chi, yoga, qigong) on cognitive function among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). DATA SOURCES We searched 6 electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, WanFang, Web of Science, CNKI) from inception until September 2018. STUDY SELECTION Nine randomized controlled trials and 3 nonrandomized controlled trials were included for meta-analysis. DATA EXTRACTION Two researchers independently performed the literature searches, study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment using the revised Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. DATA SYNTHESIS The pooled effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD]) was calculated while random-effect model was selected. Overall results of the meta-analysis (N=1298 people with MCI) indicated that MBE significantly improved attention (SMD=0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.71, P=.02, I2=31.6%, n=245), short-term memory (SMD=0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.90, P<.001, I2=0%, n=861), executive function (SMD=-0.42, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.21, P<.001, I2=38.54%, n=701), visual-spatial/executive function (SMD=0.35, 95% CI 0.07-0.64, P<.05, I2=0%, n=285), and global cognitive function (SMD=0.36, 95% CI 0.2-0.52, P<.001, I2=15.12%, n=902). However, the significant positive effect on cognitive processing speed was not observed following MBE interventions (SMD=0.31, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.63, P=.054, I2=28.66%, n=233). CONCLUSIONS Study findings of this meta-analysis suggest that MBE have the potential to improve various cognitive functions in people with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Lifestyle (Mind-Body Movement) Research Center, College of Sport Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Exercise & Memory Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Albert S Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nan Zeng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Liu J, Tao J, Liu W, Huang J, Xue X, Li M, Yang M, Zhu J, Lang C, Park J, Tu Y, Wilson G, Chen L, Kong J. Different modulation effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin on resting-state functional connectivity of the default mode network in older adults. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:217-224. [PMID: 30690554 PMCID: PMC6374601 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) plays an important role in age-related cognitive decline. This study aims to explore the modulation effect of two mind-body interventions (Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin) on DMN in elderly individuals. Participants between 50 and 70 years old were recruited and randomized into a Tai Chi Chuan, Baduanjin or control group. The Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revision and resting-state fMRI scans were administered at baseline and following 12 weeks of exercise. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) was calculated. We found that (i) compared to the Baduanjin group, Tai Chi Chuan was significantly associated with increased rsFC between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and right putamen/caudate and (ii) compared to the control group, Tai Chi Chuan increased posterior cingulate cortex rsFC with the right putamen/caudate, while Baduanjin decreased rsFC between the mPFC and orbital prefrontal gyrus/putamen. Baseline mPFC rsFC with orbital prefrontal gyrus was negatively correlated with visual reproduction subscore. These results suggest that both Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin can modulate the DMN, but through different pathways. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying different mind-body interventions may shed light on the development of new methods to prevent age-related diseases as well as other disorders associated with disrupted DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Fujian Rehabilitation Tech Co-innovation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jing Tao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiehua Xue
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingge Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingfang Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Courtney Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joel Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yiheng Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lidian Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Wu C, Yi Q, Zheng X, Cui S, Chen B, Lu L, Tang C. Effects of Mind-Body Exercises on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 67:749-758. [PMID: 30565212 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mind-body exercise has positive effects on cognitive performance, according to clinical observation and experts' recommendations. However, its potential benefits for the cognitive function of aging adults are uncertain and still lack systematic estimations. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the overall efficacy and effectiveness of mind-body exercises for cognitive performance in aging individuals with or without cognitive impairment. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We searched related trials through June 2018 from four databases: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO (all via Ovid), and the Cochrane Library/Central Register of Controlled Trials. MEASUREMENTS Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A meta-analysis of comparative effects was performed using Review Manager v.5.3 software, and publication bias was examined using Egger's test. RESULTS A total of 32 randomized controlled trials with 3624 participants were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that mind-body exercises as a whole had benefits in improving global cognition compared with that of the control group (mean difference [MD] = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33-1.51; p = .002) and were more effective than control interventions in promoting cognitive flexibility (MD = -8.80; 95% CI = -15.22 to -2.38; p = .007), working memory (MD = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.01-0.64; p = .05), verbal fluency (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.09-0.45; p = .003), and learning (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.10-0.39; p = .001) on cognitively intact or impaired older adults. In dose-subgroup analysis, only moderate exercise intensity (60-120 min per week) significantly increased global cognition scores compared with those of the control group (MD = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.34-1.97; p = .006). CONCLUSION Mind-body exercises, especially tai chi and dance mind-body exercise, are beneficial for improving global cognition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, verbal fluency, and learning in cognitively intact or impaired older adults. Moderate intensity is recommended as the optimal dose for older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:749-758, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Wu
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qu Yi
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou university of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyang Cui
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518034, China
| | - Bin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Clinical Research Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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Sungkarat S, Boripuntakul S, Kumfu S, Lord SR, Chattipakorn N. Tai Chi Improves Cognition and Plasma BDNF in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2018; 32:142-149. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968317753682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Miller S, Taylor-Piliae RE. The association between Tai Chi exercise and safe driving performance among older adults: An observational study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:83-94. [PMID: 30356498 PMCID: PMC6180546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related cognitive and physical decline can impair safe driving performance. Tai Chi exercise benefits cognitive and physical function and may influence safe driving performance in older adults. The primary aim of this observational study was to compare cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance among older adult Tai Chi practitioners to normative reference values. Secondary aims were to examine relationships between Tai Chi exercise habits, cognitive processes, and physical function related to safe driving performance and to explore potential predictors of safe driving performance. METHODS The DrivingHealth Inventory, the Driving Scenes Test, other driving-related cognitive and physical measures, and self-reported measures including the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Vitality Plus Scale (VPS) were collected from current Tai Chi practitioners (n = 58; age 72.9 ± 5.9 years, mean ± SD) with median >3 years Tai Chi practice. RESULTS Compared to normative reference values, participants performed better on numerous cognitive measures including the Driving Scenes Test (p < 0.001, d = 1.63), maze navigation (p = 0.017, d = 0.27), the Useful Field of View Test (p < 0.001, r = 0.15), and on physical measures including the Rapid Walk Test (p < 0.001, r = 0.20), and the Right Foot Tapping Test, (p < 0.001, r = 0.35). Participants scored higher than normative reference values on MAAS and VPS (p < 0.001, d = 0.75; p = 0.002, d = 0.38, respectively). Statistically significant correlations were found between several study measures. The digit span backward test was the strongest predictor of safe driving performance (β = 0.34, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Tai Chi exercise has the potential to impact cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance. Further study using randomized controlled trials, structured Tai Chi exercise doses, and driving simulator or on-road driving performance as outcome measures are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Miller
- School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Zheng W, Xiang YQ, Ungvari GS, Chiu HFK, Ning YP, Yu X, Forester BP, Xiang YT. Tai chi for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Psychogeriatrics 2017; 17:514-516. [PMID: 28703397 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Beijing Anding Hospital), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University and Center of Depression, Beijing, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Marian Centre, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen F K Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of HongKong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Ping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Brent P Forester
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Sungkarat S, Boripuntakul S, Chattipakorn N, Watcharasaksilp K, Lord SR. Effects of Tai Chi on Cognition and Fall Risk in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 65:721-727. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somporn Sungkarat
- Department of Physical Therapy; Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Sirinun Boripuntakul
- Department of Physical Therapy; Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Watcharasaksilp
- Division of Neurology; Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia; University of New South Wales; Randwick New South Wales Australia
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Carvalho A, Rea IM, Parimon T, Cusack BJ. Physical activity and cognitive function in individuals over 60 years of age: a systematic review. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:661-82. [PMID: 24748784 PMCID: PMC3990369 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s55520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether physical activity in later life is beneficial for maintenance of cognitive function. We performed a systematic review examining the effects of exercise on cognitive function in older individuals, and present possible mechanisms whereby physical activity may improve cognition. METHODS Sources consisted of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and the University of Washington, School of Medicine Library Database, with a search conducted on August 15, 2012 for publications limited to the English language starting January 1, 2000. Randomized controlled trials including at least 30 participants and lasting at least 6 months, and all observational studies including a minimum of 100 participants for one year, were evaluated. All subjects included were at least 60 years of age. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-six studies reported a positive correlation between physical activity and maintenance or enhancement of cognitive function. Five studies reported a dose-response relationship between physical activity and cognition. One study showed a nonsignificant correlation. CONCLUSION The preponderance of evidence suggests that physical activity is beneficial for cognitive function in the elderly. However, the majority of the evidence is of medium quality with a moderate risk of bias. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the association between exercise and cognitive function and to determine which types of exercise have the greatest benefit on specific cognitive domains. Despite these caveats, the current evidence suggests that physical activity may help to improve cognitive function and, consequently, delay the progression of cognitive impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Carvalho
- Department of Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, ID, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barry J Cusack
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, ID, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Effects of Tai Chi on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: a review. Geriatr Nurs 2013; 35:9-19. [PMID: 24252560 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As the population of the United States ages, activities to maintain or improve cognitive function will become increasingly important to preserve functional ability, independence and health-related quality of life. This article is a review of recent research on Tai Chi and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Of the 12 studies reviewed, 10 reported improvement in measures of executive function, language, learning, and/or memory. Several design features make comparisons across studies challenging. As a moderate-intensity, low-impact form of exercise, Tai Chi is appropriate for older adults and seems to offer positive cognitive benefits. Recommendations for future research are provided.
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